ivan casella | Universidade Federal do ABC (original) (raw)
Papers by ivan casella
Computers & Electrical Engineering, Jul 1, 2021
Abstract This work proposes a communication system based on G3-PLC (G3 - Power Line Communication... more Abstract This work proposes a communication system based on G3-PLC (G3 - Power Line Communication) technology and a Morphological Filter (MF) for the transmission of analogue Generic Reference Waveforms (GRW) in Machine-to-Machine (M2M) applications (e.g., power control of wind turbines). The presented proposal allows to reduce the system latency without compromising the integrity of the GRW, even in very severe operating conditions, through the use of a MF and the deactivation of the G3-PLC retransmission protocol. Computer simulations were performed considering a very accurate and representative model of the physical layer of the G3-PLC and the communication channel and the results obtained demonstrated the efficiency of the proposed system in recovering the transmitted GRW without the need for retransmissions, reducing considerably the system latency, and making possible real-time M2M communications.
Power line communication (PLC) technologies allow the transmission of data through the electrical... more Power line communication (PLC) technologies allow the transmission of data through the electrical cables employed in power transmission, distribution and consumption networks, or in any other electrified environment, taking advantage of these important existing branched and interconnected infrastructures to reduce the time and costs of deploying communication networks. PLCs have been used for a longtime, but only with recent advances in digital communication, signal processing and circuit design techniques have become sufficiently reliable and secure for applications in data networks and smart grids (SGs). PLC technologies have been designed for both narrowband and broadband applications and, as a result, several standards were developed to regulate their use. These standards specify several techniques to overcome the challenge of transmitting data through a medium (electrical cables) that was not originally designed for this purpose. Currently, PLCs are able to compete or complement wireless technologies in a variety of applications, presenting, under certain conditions, a number of advantages over them.
IFAC Journal of Systems and Control, Mar 1, 2019
Wireless signals dispatched from a remote operation center in a smart grid scenario for commandin... more Wireless signals dispatched from a remote operation center in a smart grid scenario for commanding aerogenerators are susceptible to transmission errors. In this applied context, this paper proposes the use of co-simulation (power and telecommunications) for a full analysis of the performance of a wind permanent magnet synchronous generator using coded wireless power control. To a complete proposal evaluation, the wireless system and the aerogenerator control models are performed to observe the operational conditions of the complete system. The obtained results endorse the operational effectiveness of the aerogenerator with coded wireless power control if an adequate coding technique is applied.
In this chapter, an overview of the two PHY layers specified in the IEEE 1901-2010 standard (base... more In this chapter, an overview of the two PHY layers specified in the IEEE 1901-2010 standard (based on the FFT-ODFM and W-OFDM techniques) will be initially presented. Next, some performance simulations of these PHY layers will be carried out taking into account the effects caused by multipath fading channels, additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) and impulsive noise. Finally, the results obtained for each case studied will be analyzed. The similarities between the recent BB-PLC standards, the widespread recognition of the importance of the IEEE 1901-2010 standard, and the fact that it includes the specifications of the two relevant BB-PLC standards (HomePlug and HD-PLC), with some interesting particularities, justifies this chapter to focus only on the IEEE 1901-2010 (favoring objectivity and simplicity of reading).
This paper presents a solar cell coplanar patch antenna designed to operate in the 2.4 GHz band. ... more This paper presents a solar cell coplanar patch antenna designed to operate in the 2.4 GHz band. The simulation results were validated by the solar cell antenna’s prototype fabrication and characterization. The proposed antenna has a gain of 4.13mathrmdBi,15.144.13 \mathrm{dBi}, 15.14 \%4.13mathrmdBi,15.14 bandwidth, and efficiency of 87.187.1 \%87.1 at 2.45 GHz. Also, the I-V curves of the solar cell were extracted for indoor irradiation levels. The ISCI_{S C}ISC and the VOCV_{O C}VOC were 2.35mathrmm˜A2.35 \mathrm{~mA}2.35mathrmm˜A and 135 mV, respectively, supplying 100mumathrmW100 \mu \mathrm{W}100mumathrmW in the maximum power point. The satisfactory results endorse the operability of the prototype for simultaneous operation as solar energy harvesting and radiator element.
IEEE Conference Proceedings, 2018
IEEE Conference Proceedings, 2016
InTech eBooks, Mar 20, 2013
IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Dec 1, 2019
Combined solar and radiofrequency harvesting systems are drawing attention by offering self-power... more Combined solar and radiofrequency harvesting systems are drawing attention by offering self-powered ability to low power devices, an essential aspect to the success of the Internet of Things. One of the main challenges of these harvesting systems is to improve rectennas efficiency by optimizing the individual energy collection and conversion capacity of each source. To overcome this issue, this letter presents a novel 2.4 GHz rectenna structure for solar and radiofrequency energy harvesting applications based on a coplanar antenna array integrated with multi-crystalline solar cells, whose aluminum rear terminals are used as radiators for the antenna array. The results obtained by simulations and measurements showed that it is possible to collect energy from two different types of sources in a complementary manner, using the rectenna design proposed, making possible to feed low-power devices remotely. Index Terms-Solar cell rectenna, low power rectifier, energy harvesting, coplanar patch antenna.
The aim of this study is to analyze the impact of the propagation channel in the performance of a... more The aim of this study is to analyze the impact of the propagation channel in the performance of a Bluetooth low energy wireless network operating in indoor environments. The Bluetooth low energy model were developed in OPNET taking into account the main network low layers (physical, medium access and control, data link), turning possible an accurate analysis of the network behavior during the exchange of data packets between devices. The results of practical experiments were analyzed and added to the computational modeling in order to obtain more realistic results. Simulation analyses were performed for different distances and propagation conditions considering the shadowing effect.
An application of active inductors in a CMOS LNA with inductive partial degeneration in 0.35μm te... more An application of active inductors in a CMOS LNA with inductive partial degeneration in 0.35μm technology is presented. Both, the inductor of the partial degeneration and the output load inductor, are actives. The results are satisfactory, validating the compact design and demonstrating the technical feasibility of this design for use in several electronic RF devices.
Journal of Microwaves, Optoelectronics and Electromagnetic Applications, Mar 1, 2022
Solar cells integrated with antennas have aroused scientific interest as an attractive energy sou... more Solar cells integrated with antennas have aroused scientific interest as an attractive energy source alternative in low power devices for IoT and Wireless Sensor Network applications. Since the space for all components in the systems is scarce, different integration ideas have been proposed in this field. However, further analysis of the performance of photovoltaic modules used as structural components of antennas is still lacking. In this context, this work experimentally extracts the necessary parameters to create an equivalent circuit model of a modified solar cell used as a radiator of a 2.4 GHz coplanar patch antenna. The obtained model is then used in the numerical characterization of the Current-Voltage (I-V) curves under temperature variations. Antenna design and performance are described, and the physical modifications of a commercial solar cell used in the prototype are presented. The I-V curves were generated for temperatures ranging from 243 to 325 K. The obtained simulation results within this temperature range showed a 150 mV shift of the optimal operation point, decreasing in approximately 20 mW the supported power with the temperature rise. A predictive methodology is introduced to estimate the possible values for the fill factor, energy conversion efficiency, and current density in a modified solar cell under temperature variations, allowing a fully operational photovoltaic antenna design.
Seeking to increase the autonomy of wireless sensing devices, this article analyzes different RF ... more Seeking to increase the autonomy of wireless sensing devices, this article analyzes different RF rectifier topologies for ambient energy harvesting applications at 2.45 GHz, focusing on scenarios where the input received power level of the RF rectifier is between -10 dBm and -20 dBm. For this propose, an equivalent diode RF model is taken into account for better describing the diode effect on the efficiency of each rectifier topology, presenting the impedance curve of four commercial diodes, and the respective conducting thresholds, without loss of generality. Furthermore, a computational rectifier optimization methodology is given, discussing the relation of the load impedance with the resulting circuit efficiency.
Problemas de interferência são mitigados na LoRAWAN empregando Códigos de Correção de Erros (FEC)... more Problemas de interferência são mitigados na LoRAWAN empregando Códigos de Correção de Erros (FEC) combinado com a técnica de Frequency-Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS), que divide o espectro em um grande número de canais de frequência, onde cada pacote transmitido é fragmentado e distribuído na frequência e no tempo. Essas técnicas somada a tecnologia dos transceptores de multicanais utilizados nos gateways LoRaWAN os quais permitem a recepção simultânea de pacotes de dados com diferentes Spreading Factor (SF) em um mesmo canal de frequência faz da tecnologia LoRaWAM um forte candidato para as aplicações de Internet das Coisas (IoT). Contudo, o aumento do número de dispositivos com requisitos de taxa de transferência variáveis prejudicam o desempenho do protocolo ALOHA puro, usado na LoRaWAN. Este trabalho tem o objetivo avaliar por meio de simulações computacionais os efeitos da interferência entre os SF e de colisão dos pacotes de dados para diferentes configurações de redes ultra-densas LoRaWAN. Primeiramente são detalhados os principais componentes utilizados na modelagem computacional e em seguida avaliados os resultados das simulações feitas nos diferentes cenários de testes. Após as simulações ficou constatado que 15,6% dos pacotes de uplink e de 29% dos pacotes de downlink foram perdidos quando montadas redes ultra-densas LoRaWAN contendo multiplas transmissões interferentes em diferentes SF.
IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems Ii-express Briefs, Mar 1, 2022
The aim of this work is to model Schottky diodes series rectifier for application in Radio Freque... more The aim of this work is to model Schottky diodes series rectifier for application in Radio Frequency Energy Harvesting (RFEH). A time-domain approach is proposed, including the reverse conduction of the diodes, which can significantly degrade the Power Conversion Efficiency (PCE) as the diode input power increases. The influences of the load, temperature, matching network and choke inductor have also been considered. The representativeness of the model was validated by means of computer simulations and experimental results.
International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, Nov 1, 2019
As the smart grid structure interconnects renewable energy sources and operators, it is inevitabl... more As the smart grid structure interconnects renewable energy sources and operators, it is inevitably influenced by the conversion technology and communication system. Investigating the effects of both aspects jointly is an intricate task due to its multifaceted characteristic. In this paper, it is proposed a wireless coded predictive direct power control for a general renewable energy system connected to the grid for smart grid environment. The predictive direct power control processes the received power references that are sent through the wireless channel, and selects the optimal voltage vector to be supplied by the three-phase inverter using the power errors. The wireless communication system, which connects the smart grid operator to the energy systems, is based on Low Density Parity Check and Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing, and in this work, it was used, as a reference of performance, a system that employs Convolutional Coding. The behavior of the proposed power control is evaluated experimentally presenting an operational condition with satisfactory performance. b 0) [16,13]. Specifically, the eIRA coding, employed in this work, is a special class of LDPC that integrates the DVB-S2 and WiMAX standards, and presents a relative low encoding/ decoding complexity (e.g. eIRA codes offer lower decoding complexity
Computers & Electrical Engineering, Jul 1, 2021
Abstract This work proposes a communication system based on G3-PLC (G3 - Power Line Communication... more Abstract This work proposes a communication system based on G3-PLC (G3 - Power Line Communication) technology and a Morphological Filter (MF) for the transmission of analogue Generic Reference Waveforms (GRW) in Machine-to-Machine (M2M) applications (e.g., power control of wind turbines). The presented proposal allows to reduce the system latency without compromising the integrity of the GRW, even in very severe operating conditions, through the use of a MF and the deactivation of the G3-PLC retransmission protocol. Computer simulations were performed considering a very accurate and representative model of the physical layer of the G3-PLC and the communication channel and the results obtained demonstrated the efficiency of the proposed system in recovering the transmitted GRW without the need for retransmissions, reducing considerably the system latency, and making possible real-time M2M communications.
Power line communication (PLC) technologies allow the transmission of data through the electrical... more Power line communication (PLC) technologies allow the transmission of data through the electrical cables employed in power transmission, distribution and consumption networks, or in any other electrified environment, taking advantage of these important existing branched and interconnected infrastructures to reduce the time and costs of deploying communication networks. PLCs have been used for a longtime, but only with recent advances in digital communication, signal processing and circuit design techniques have become sufficiently reliable and secure for applications in data networks and smart grids (SGs). PLC technologies have been designed for both narrowband and broadband applications and, as a result, several standards were developed to regulate their use. These standards specify several techniques to overcome the challenge of transmitting data through a medium (electrical cables) that was not originally designed for this purpose. Currently, PLCs are able to compete or complement wireless technologies in a variety of applications, presenting, under certain conditions, a number of advantages over them.
IFAC Journal of Systems and Control, Mar 1, 2019
Wireless signals dispatched from a remote operation center in a smart grid scenario for commandin... more Wireless signals dispatched from a remote operation center in a smart grid scenario for commanding aerogenerators are susceptible to transmission errors. In this applied context, this paper proposes the use of co-simulation (power and telecommunications) for a full analysis of the performance of a wind permanent magnet synchronous generator using coded wireless power control. To a complete proposal evaluation, the wireless system and the aerogenerator control models are performed to observe the operational conditions of the complete system. The obtained results endorse the operational effectiveness of the aerogenerator with coded wireless power control if an adequate coding technique is applied.
In this chapter, an overview of the two PHY layers specified in the IEEE 1901-2010 standard (base... more In this chapter, an overview of the two PHY layers specified in the IEEE 1901-2010 standard (based on the FFT-ODFM and W-OFDM techniques) will be initially presented. Next, some performance simulations of these PHY layers will be carried out taking into account the effects caused by multipath fading channels, additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) and impulsive noise. Finally, the results obtained for each case studied will be analyzed. The similarities between the recent BB-PLC standards, the widespread recognition of the importance of the IEEE 1901-2010 standard, and the fact that it includes the specifications of the two relevant BB-PLC standards (HomePlug and HD-PLC), with some interesting particularities, justifies this chapter to focus only on the IEEE 1901-2010 (favoring objectivity and simplicity of reading).
This paper presents a solar cell coplanar patch antenna designed to operate in the 2.4 GHz band. ... more This paper presents a solar cell coplanar patch antenna designed to operate in the 2.4 GHz band. The simulation results were validated by the solar cell antenna’s prototype fabrication and characterization. The proposed antenna has a gain of 4.13mathrmdBi,15.144.13 \mathrm{dBi}, 15.14 \%4.13mathrmdBi,15.14 bandwidth, and efficiency of 87.187.1 \%87.1 at 2.45 GHz. Also, the I-V curves of the solar cell were extracted for indoor irradiation levels. The ISCI_{S C}ISC and the VOCV_{O C}VOC were 2.35mathrmm˜A2.35 \mathrm{~mA}2.35mathrmm˜A and 135 mV, respectively, supplying 100mumathrmW100 \mu \mathrm{W}100mumathrmW in the maximum power point. The satisfactory results endorse the operability of the prototype for simultaneous operation as solar energy harvesting and radiator element.
IEEE Conference Proceedings, 2018
IEEE Conference Proceedings, 2016
InTech eBooks, Mar 20, 2013
IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Dec 1, 2019
Combined solar and radiofrequency harvesting systems are drawing attention by offering self-power... more Combined solar and radiofrequency harvesting systems are drawing attention by offering self-powered ability to low power devices, an essential aspect to the success of the Internet of Things. One of the main challenges of these harvesting systems is to improve rectennas efficiency by optimizing the individual energy collection and conversion capacity of each source. To overcome this issue, this letter presents a novel 2.4 GHz rectenna structure for solar and radiofrequency energy harvesting applications based on a coplanar antenna array integrated with multi-crystalline solar cells, whose aluminum rear terminals are used as radiators for the antenna array. The results obtained by simulations and measurements showed that it is possible to collect energy from two different types of sources in a complementary manner, using the rectenna design proposed, making possible to feed low-power devices remotely. Index Terms-Solar cell rectenna, low power rectifier, energy harvesting, coplanar patch antenna.
The aim of this study is to analyze the impact of the propagation channel in the performance of a... more The aim of this study is to analyze the impact of the propagation channel in the performance of a Bluetooth low energy wireless network operating in indoor environments. The Bluetooth low energy model were developed in OPNET taking into account the main network low layers (physical, medium access and control, data link), turning possible an accurate analysis of the network behavior during the exchange of data packets between devices. The results of practical experiments were analyzed and added to the computational modeling in order to obtain more realistic results. Simulation analyses were performed for different distances and propagation conditions considering the shadowing effect.
An application of active inductors in a CMOS LNA with inductive partial degeneration in 0.35μm te... more An application of active inductors in a CMOS LNA with inductive partial degeneration in 0.35μm technology is presented. Both, the inductor of the partial degeneration and the output load inductor, are actives. The results are satisfactory, validating the compact design and demonstrating the technical feasibility of this design for use in several electronic RF devices.
Journal of Microwaves, Optoelectronics and Electromagnetic Applications, Mar 1, 2022
Solar cells integrated with antennas have aroused scientific interest as an attractive energy sou... more Solar cells integrated with antennas have aroused scientific interest as an attractive energy source alternative in low power devices for IoT and Wireless Sensor Network applications. Since the space for all components in the systems is scarce, different integration ideas have been proposed in this field. However, further analysis of the performance of photovoltaic modules used as structural components of antennas is still lacking. In this context, this work experimentally extracts the necessary parameters to create an equivalent circuit model of a modified solar cell used as a radiator of a 2.4 GHz coplanar patch antenna. The obtained model is then used in the numerical characterization of the Current-Voltage (I-V) curves under temperature variations. Antenna design and performance are described, and the physical modifications of a commercial solar cell used in the prototype are presented. The I-V curves were generated for temperatures ranging from 243 to 325 K. The obtained simulation results within this temperature range showed a 150 mV shift of the optimal operation point, decreasing in approximately 20 mW the supported power with the temperature rise. A predictive methodology is introduced to estimate the possible values for the fill factor, energy conversion efficiency, and current density in a modified solar cell under temperature variations, allowing a fully operational photovoltaic antenna design.
Seeking to increase the autonomy of wireless sensing devices, this article analyzes different RF ... more Seeking to increase the autonomy of wireless sensing devices, this article analyzes different RF rectifier topologies for ambient energy harvesting applications at 2.45 GHz, focusing on scenarios where the input received power level of the RF rectifier is between -10 dBm and -20 dBm. For this propose, an equivalent diode RF model is taken into account for better describing the diode effect on the efficiency of each rectifier topology, presenting the impedance curve of four commercial diodes, and the respective conducting thresholds, without loss of generality. Furthermore, a computational rectifier optimization methodology is given, discussing the relation of the load impedance with the resulting circuit efficiency.
Problemas de interferência são mitigados na LoRAWAN empregando Códigos de Correção de Erros (FEC)... more Problemas de interferência são mitigados na LoRAWAN empregando Códigos de Correção de Erros (FEC) combinado com a técnica de Frequency-Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS), que divide o espectro em um grande número de canais de frequência, onde cada pacote transmitido é fragmentado e distribuído na frequência e no tempo. Essas técnicas somada a tecnologia dos transceptores de multicanais utilizados nos gateways LoRaWAN os quais permitem a recepção simultânea de pacotes de dados com diferentes Spreading Factor (SF) em um mesmo canal de frequência faz da tecnologia LoRaWAM um forte candidato para as aplicações de Internet das Coisas (IoT). Contudo, o aumento do número de dispositivos com requisitos de taxa de transferência variáveis prejudicam o desempenho do protocolo ALOHA puro, usado na LoRaWAN. Este trabalho tem o objetivo avaliar por meio de simulações computacionais os efeitos da interferência entre os SF e de colisão dos pacotes de dados para diferentes configurações de redes ultra-densas LoRaWAN. Primeiramente são detalhados os principais componentes utilizados na modelagem computacional e em seguida avaliados os resultados das simulações feitas nos diferentes cenários de testes. Após as simulações ficou constatado que 15,6% dos pacotes de uplink e de 29% dos pacotes de downlink foram perdidos quando montadas redes ultra-densas LoRaWAN contendo multiplas transmissões interferentes em diferentes SF.
IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems Ii-express Briefs, Mar 1, 2022
The aim of this work is to model Schottky diodes series rectifier for application in Radio Freque... more The aim of this work is to model Schottky diodes series rectifier for application in Radio Frequency Energy Harvesting (RFEH). A time-domain approach is proposed, including the reverse conduction of the diodes, which can significantly degrade the Power Conversion Efficiency (PCE) as the diode input power increases. The influences of the load, temperature, matching network and choke inductor have also been considered. The representativeness of the model was validated by means of computer simulations and experimental results.
International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, Nov 1, 2019
As the smart grid structure interconnects renewable energy sources and operators, it is inevitabl... more As the smart grid structure interconnects renewable energy sources and operators, it is inevitably influenced by the conversion technology and communication system. Investigating the effects of both aspects jointly is an intricate task due to its multifaceted characteristic. In this paper, it is proposed a wireless coded predictive direct power control for a general renewable energy system connected to the grid for smart grid environment. The predictive direct power control processes the received power references that are sent through the wireless channel, and selects the optimal voltage vector to be supplied by the three-phase inverter using the power errors. The wireless communication system, which connects the smart grid operator to the energy systems, is based on Low Density Parity Check and Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing, and in this work, it was used, as a reference of performance, a system that employs Convolutional Coding. The behavior of the proposed power control is evaluated experimentally presenting an operational condition with satisfactory performance. b 0) [16,13]. Specifically, the eIRA coding, employed in this work, is a special class of LDPC that integrates the DVB-S2 and WiMAX standards, and presents a relative low encoding/ decoding complexity (e.g. eIRA codes offer lower decoding complexity