Thiago D E P A U L A Protásio | UFLA - Federal University of Lavras (original) (raw)

Papers by Thiago D E P A U L A Protásio

Frontiers in Plant Science, Jun 3, 2022

Silvicultural practices greatly improve the economic value of wood products from forests. Stem di... more Silvicultural practices greatly improve the economic value of wood products from forests. Stem dimensions, wood density, and stem form are closely linked to end-product performance. This research aimed to examine the effects of stand density and stem height on variables that reflect ring growth and wood properties of Sassafras tzumu stands during the self-thinning phase. Between the ages of 10 and 40 years, the number of stems per hectare has declined from 1,068 to 964 due to density-dependent mortality. As the relative stand density decreased, there were significant reductions in the average tree ring width (5.07-3.51 mm) and increases in latewood proportions (49.88-53.49%) and the density of the annual growth ring (165.60-708.58 kg/m 3). Therefore, ring density, earlywood density, and latewood density increased with decreasing relative stand density after self-thinning occurred. Ring width, earlywood width, and latewood width significantly increased from the base to the apex of the stem. Stand density and stem height had additive effects on S. tzumu wood properties during the self-thinning phase. A shift in the growth allocation along the longitudinal stem in response to selfthinning resulted in decreasing radial growth, increasing wood density, and improved stem form. In summary, we found a significant influence of stand density on tree ring growth, wood quality, and stem form of S. tzumu trees during the self-thinning phase.

Environmental Science and Pollution Research

The objective of this work was to evaluate the carbonization yield of babassu nutshell as affecte... more The objective of this work was to evaluate the carbonization yield of babassu nutshell as affected by final temperature, as well as the energy losses involved in the process. Three layers constituting the babassu nut, that is, the epicarp, mesocarp and endocarp, were used together. The material was carbonized, considering the following final temperatures: 450, 550, 650, 750, and 850°C. The following were evaluated: energy and charcoal yields, pyroligneous liquid, non‑condensable gases, and fixed carbon. The use of babassu nutshell can be highly feasible for charcoal production. The yield of charcoal from babassu nutshell carbonization was higher than that reported in the literature for Eucalyptus wood carbonization, considering the final temperature of 450°C. Charcoal and energy yields decreased more sharply at lower temperatures, with a tendency to stabilize at higher temperatures. The energy yields obtained can be considered satisfactory, with losses between 45 and 52% (based on h...

Scientia Forestalis

Este é um artigo publicado em acesso aberto (Open Access) sob a licença Creative Commons Attribut... more Este é um artigo publicado em acesso aberto (Open Access) sob a licença Creative Commons Attribution, que permite uso, distribuição e reprodução em qualquer meio, sem restrições desde que o trabalho original seja corretamente citado.

The capacity to capture carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere is one of several ecosystem serv... more The capacity to capture carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere is one of several ecosystem services offered by forests and the species Hevea guianensis Aubl. stands out as a potential CO2 sink. This study aimed to estimate the carbon credit potential in the wood of rubber trees in abandoned plantings in Tapajos National Forest. In the years 2013 and 2018, 100 % inventories were carried out, in which the circumference and height of the trees were registered. The fixed carbon (MgC ha-1), the equivalent carbon (CO2(eq) ha-1) was calculated and converted into credits per hectare (US$ ha-1) from the European System for the CO2. In 2013, 2,965 rubber trees were registered, and in 2018, 2,927 were inventoried. Despite the death of some trees in the range of 5 years, it was estimated a total of 72.3103 MgC ha-1 in 2013, and 73.3708 MgC ha-1 in 2018, resulting in a current annual increase of 0.2121 MgC ha-1, reducing 0.7777 CO2(eq) ha-1 ano-1, which would make possible an annual revenue of...

Pesquisa Florestal Brasileira, 2012

This work aimed to quantify and compare chemical and energetic properties of Aus... more This work aimed to quantify and compare chemical and energetic properties of Australian red cedar Toona ciliata MJ Roem var. australis (FV Muell.) C. DC wood from thinning and primary sawing for reconstituted panel and energy production; and also to verify the efficiency of extractive removal by water treatments, in order to improve wood quality for particleboard production. Lignin, holocellulose, extractives, ash, carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur contents and higher heating value were determined. Two water treatments for extractive removal were performed: immersion in cold water for 24 hours and immersion in boiling water for 2 hours. Lower values of ash, holocellulose, hydrogen and nitrogen contents and higher contents of lignin, total extractives, hydrogen and nitrogen contents were found for wood from primary sawing residues. For other properties, the values were significantly equal. Australian red cedar wood presents high extractive content, being water pre-treatment necessary for the production of some particleboards. Higher heating values of materials indicate potential for energy production.doi: 10.4336/2012.pfb.32.70.13 O objetivo desse trabalho foi quantificar e comparar as propriedades químicas e energéticas da madeira de cedro australiano Toona ciliata MJ Roem var. australis (FV Muell.) C. DC proveniente de desbaste e desdobro para produção de painéis reconstituídos e energia, além de verificar a eficiência da remoção de extrativos por tratamentos em água para viabilizar a produção de painéis de partículas. Os teores de lignina, holocelulose, extrativos totais, cinzas, carbono, hidrogênio, oxigênio, nitrogênio, enxofre e poder calorífico superior foram determinados. Dois tratamentos em água para remoção de extrativos foram realizados nos materiais: imersão em água fria durante 24 horas e em água fervente durante 2 horas. Foram encontrados menores teores de cinzas, holocelulose, hidrogênio e nitrogênio e maiores teores de lignina e extrativ [...]

Data on the physical properties of logging wastes from sustainable forest management. In addition... more Data on the physical properties of logging wastes from sustainable forest management. In addition, carbonization indices.

Pesquisa Florestal Brasileira, 2011

The aims of this work were to evaluate the correlation, to adjust and select sim... more The aims of this work were to evaluate the correlation, to adjust and select simple and multiple linear statistical models between elemental components (carbon, hydrogen and oxygen) and ash content with higher heating value for plant biomass; to use the principle components analysis for the creation of an energetic development index and to adjust a linear model between energetic development index and higher heating value. Eight types of biomass were used. Three linear and nine multiple statistical models were adjusted. The best models were selected based on the significance of coefficients, adjusted determination coefficient, estimative standard error, coefficient of variation, linearity of parameters, normality, presence of heterocedasticity and lack of error correlation. The variance inflation factor was determined for linear multiple models. High correlation between the variables studied was found. Models 1, 3 and 11 were considered most adequate. Practical use of model 2 is not possible. Principle components analysis was efficient in obtaining an energetic development index of lignocellulosic residues and it may be used for solving multicollinearity found between variables considered.doi: 10.4336/2011.pfb.31.66.113 Os objetivos do trabalho foram avaliar a correlação, ajustar e selecionar modelos estatísticos lineares simples e múltiplos entre os componentes elementares (carbono, hidrogênio e oxigênio) e o teor de cinzas com o poder calorífico superior da biomassa vegetal; utilizar a análise de componentes principais para a criação de um índice de desempenho energético e ajustar um modelo linear entre o índice de desempenho energético e o poder calorífico superior. Utilizaram-se oito tipos de biomassa. Foram ajustadas equações referentes a três modelos estatísticos lineares simples e nove múltiplos. Os melhores modelos foram selecionados com base na significância dos seus coeficientes, no coeficiente de determinação ajustado, no erro padrão da estimativa, no co [...]

Revista Agroecossistemas, 2020

Na Floresta Nacional do Tapajós é comum a prática da extração de látex de seringueira e existem d... more Na Floresta Nacional do Tapajós é comum a prática da extração de látex de seringueira e existem dois grandes plantios abandonados, denominados Terra Rica e Seringal do Ponte,localizados nessa unidade de conservação. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar as características dendrométricas e silviculturais das seringueiras como forma de fornecer subsídios para sua reativação. Os dados utilizados foram obtidos em dois inventários florestais 100%, realizados em 2013 e 2018, e em uma amostragem para investigar a relação dos índices dendrométricos, morfométricos e de competição para diâmetros de árvores a 1,30 m acima do solo, utilizando o índice de correlação de Pearson. Foram inventariadas 2.965 seringueiras em 2013 e 2.927 em 2018, apresentando uma densidade de 97,9 árvores.ha-1 e 96,6 árvores.ha-1, respectivamente. Houve diferença entre a altura total e a altura do fuste das seringueiras entre os inventários; em diâmetro, os seringais permanecem iguais e, em geral, não ho...

Desenvolvimento Social e Sustentável das Ciências Agrárias, 2020

O objetivo deste trabalho foi utilizar as características de crescimento, da madeira e do carvão ... more O objetivo deste trabalho foi utilizar as características de crescimento, da madeira e do carvão vegetal para a classificação de materiais genéticos de Eucalyptus visando ao uso energético. Foram avaliados 39 clones de Eucalyptus spp, aos 81 meses de idade, sendo amostradas três árvores por material genético. Para facilitar a compreensão, esta tese foi dividida em quatro tópicos principais: I - classificação preliminar dos clones de Eucalyptus; II - combustibilidade da madeira dos clones selecionados; III - produção e avaliação do carvão vegetal dos clones selecionados e; IV - identificação de índices de qualidade de madeira para produção de carvão vegetal. Observou-se que as estimativas de massas secas de madeira e de carbono foram as variáveis que mais contribuíram para a divergência genética total, sendo decisivas no agrupamento e classificação dos clones de Eucalyptus para a finalidade energética. Foram selecionados 14 clones pela análise de agrupamento para os tópicos II, III e IV. Após isso, foram realizadas análises físico-químicas e térmicas na madeira visando à obtenção de calor. No tópico II, observou-se efeito clonal na combustibilidade da madeira, sendo que a produtividade energética individual, a densidade energética unitária, os teores de extrativos solúveis em acetona, lignina, materiais voláteis e carbono fixo, a taxa máxima da combustão e a quantidade de unidades guaiacílicas por massa seca de madeira podem ser considerados os principais índices de qualidade do lenho para a classificação dos clones de Eucalyptus visando à combustão completa. No tópico III, o efeito clonal, de maneira geral, influenciou as propriedades e a produtividade do carvão vegetal. Os resultados obtidos no tópico IV indicam que se devem selecionar clones de Eucalyptus que apresentem madeiras de maior densidade básica, elevados teores de lignina e extrativos solúveis em acetona e com maior quantidade de unidades estruturais guaiacílicas (G). Essas características podem ser consideradas como os principais índices de qualidade da madeira para produção de carvão vegetal. Os rendimentos gravimétricos do processo de pirólise lenta e a qualidade física do carvão vegetal estão mais relacionados ao conteúdo de unidades estruturais guaiacílicas (G) do que com a relação S/G. Indica-se o uso dos clones 1009 e 1037 para produção de carvão vegetal e combustão, respectivamente. Finalmente, conclui-se que a relação S/G pode ser um índice não confiável para a classificação de clones de Eucalyptus visando à geração calor e produção de carvão vegetal.This study aimed to use the growth, wood and charcoal characteristics to classify of different genetic materials Eucalyptus for energy purposes. Thirty-nine 39 Eucalyptus spp. clones, at 81 months of age, sampling three trees per genetic material were evaluated. The research was divided into four main topics to facilitate comprehension: I – preliminary classification of Eucalyptus clones; II – wood combustibility of the selected clones; III – production and quality of charcoal of the selected clones, and; IV – identification of wood quality indexes for charcoal production. The results indicated that the estimates of wood dry mass and carbon dry mass were the variables that most contributed for total genetic divergence, being decisive in grouping and classifying the Eucalyptus clones for energetic use. Fourteen clones were selected by means of the cluster analysis for topics II, III and IV. After this, physical, chemical and thermal analyses in wood were performed to obtain heat. In the topic II was observed clonal effect on the wood combustibility. The individual energy productivity, unit energy density, extractive soluble in acetone, lignin, volatile materials and fixed carbon contents, maximum combustion rate and amount of guaiacyl units per wood dry mass were considered the main quality indexes of wood for classifying Eucalyptus clones aiming at complete combustion. In the topic III the clonal effect, in general, influenced the properties and productivity of charcoal. The results obtained in the topic IV indicate should be selected Eucalyptus clones of higher basic density wood, elevated lignin content and extractives soluble in acetone and greater amount of guaiacyl structural units (G). These characteristics can be considered as the main wood quality indexes for the charcoal production. The gravimetric yields of the slow pyrolysis process and the charcoal quality are more related to the guaiacyl structural units content (G) than S/G relation. Clones 1009 and 1037 were indicated to use for charcoal production and combustion, respectively. Finally, the S/G relation can be a non- reliable index for classifying Eucalyptus clones aiming at heat generation and charcoal production

Article history: Received 19 August 2014 Received in revised form 19 September 2014 Accepted 29 S... more Article history: Received 19 August 2014 Received in revised form 19 September 2014 Accepted 29 September 2014 Available online 8 November 2014

Article history: Received 12 December 2014 Received in revised form 26 December 2014 Accepted 28 ... more Article history: Received 12 December 2014 Received in revised form 26 December 2014 Accepted 28 January 2015 Available online 1 April 2015

Coffee Science, 2015

The objective of this study was to evaluate the quality of charcoal from Coffea arabica L., for b... more The objective of this study was to evaluate the quality of charcoal from Coffea arabica L., for bioenergy purposes, using three existing cultivation systems in the South of Minas Gerais (natural agroforestry, organic and conventional) and two cultivars (Mundo Novo and Catuai). Univariate and multivariate statistical techniques were used, besides the identification of mineral components for the selection and evaluation of the quality from coffee charcoal. The following properties were quantified in charcoal: apparent relative density, actual relative density, immediate chemical composition (volatiles, ash and fixed carbon), fixed carbon stock, energy densities, porosity, heating values; besides carbonization yields. The charcoal of the cultivar Catuai, with organic and conventional systems, stood out for steel and energy use, mainly by the higher values of apparent relative density, energy densities, fixed carbon stock and yields in charcoal and in fixed carbon. The effect of cultiva...

Coffee has a prominent position in Brazilian economy, especially in southern Minas Gerais, the ma... more Coffee has a prominent position in Brazilian economy, especially in southern Minas Gerais, the main producing state. Despite extensive research involving coffee plantations, there is a lack in literature concerning wood and charcoal from Coffea arabica. There are currently 5.6 billion coffee trees in a 2.3 million hectare area, generating residues, such as fruit bark and wood, which have potential as renewable fuels. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the energetic potential of wood and charcoal from Coffea arabica in three cropping systems (organic, natural agroforestry and conventional) and two cultivars (Catuai and Mundo Novo), by elemental chemical analysis. Carbonizations were carried out in an electric oven (muffle) with a final temperature of 450°C. The bioenergy use of wood from Coffea arabica, as well as of the charcoal from this plant, proved satisfactory based on inferences made from the elemental chemical composition of these fuels. In general, cultivation...

Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2020

In the context of the circular bioeconomy and cleaner production, the incorporation of the by-pro... more In the context of the circular bioeconomy and cleaner production, the incorporation of the by-products of plant biomass production in the bioenergy chain is fundamental. However, lignocellulosic wastes have properties that hinder their use for the production of biofuels. This study aims to evaluate how blends of lignocellulosic wastes improve the physical, chemical, and mechanical quality of pellets destined to the industrial sector, and to identify the challenges associated with the use of agroforestry biomass as raw material for pelletizing. Pellets were produced from blends of soybean wastes, sorghum wastes, pine needles, rice powder, Eucalyptus sawdust, and charcoal fines. Additionally, pure pellets composed of soybean wastes, sugarcane bagasse, and pine wood were evaluated. The effect of biomass type on the energy density, ash content, net heating value, and ultimate analysis was significant. The pellets produced with soybean wastes presented high contents of N (3.5-4.9%) and ashes (16.4-26.7%), besides low mechanical durability (≤ 96%), hindering its commercialization for industrial purposes. Pellets with sugarcane bagasse presented N (1.5%), S (0.03%), ashes (5.6%), mechanical durability (96.6%), and net heating value (15.1 MJ kg −1), suitable for industrial energy use in accordance with ISO 17225-6. The high N and ash contents and the low mechanical durability are the greatest challenges for the energy use of pellets produced from Brazilian agroforestry wastes.

FLORESTA, 2021

The aim of this study was to develop volumetric equations for tachi-branco trees (Tachigali vulga... more The aim of this study was to develop volumetric equations for tachi-branco trees (Tachigali vulgaris L. G. Silva & H. C. Lima), by assessing the effect of initial planting spacing in volume estimates, as well as developing an equation to estimate the equivalent diameter (deq). Data are from an experiment located in north Pará. The experiment was conducted with the randomized blocks design, being three blocks with six treatments each. The most used volumetric models were assessed for two distinct situations: considering each trunk as a tree and using the tree deq as independent variables in the volumetric model. The need for individual equations for initial planting spacing was tested. In addition, an equation for deq estimate was proposed. The use of deq provided more precise and accurate volumetric estimates regarding diameter at breast height. Among the models tested, the Schumacher-Hall model was selected. Through the model identity test, the equation can be used to estimate tre...

Research, Society and Development, 2021

No presente estudo foram caracterizadas as propriedades tecnológicas de painéis de fibras de médi... more No presente estudo foram caracterizadas as propriedades tecnológicas de painéis de fibras de média densidade (MDF), em diferentes horários de produção em uma linha industrial brasileira, com o objetivo de avaliar a variabilidade tecnológica das chapas e sua qualidade em relação à norma técnica comercial. Painéis MDF confeccionados com fibras de Eucalyptus spp. (70%), Schizolobium parahyba (20%) e madeiras residuais de serraria (10%), aglutinados com resina ureia-formaldeído foram coletadas em intervalos de duas horas de um turno de produção da empresa. Foram determinadas às propriedades físicas (umidade, densidade aparente, absorção superficial, absorção de água, inchamento em espessura e taxa de não retorno de espessura) e resistência mecânica (flexão estática, dureza janka, tração perpendicular e arrancamento de parafuso). Os painéis de início e final do turno foram submetidos ao ciclo de envelhecimento acelerado, sendo avaliados posteriormente à densidade, tração e flexão estáti...