Beatriz Schaan | Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (original) (raw)

Papers by Beatriz Schaan

Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia, 2011

Background: Cardiac arrest resuscitation can present myocardial dysfunction determined by ischemi... more Background: Cardiac arrest resuscitation can present myocardial dysfunction determined by ischemic time, and inhibition of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) can reduce cardiac dysfunction during reperfusion.

Peptides, 2014

Low angiotensin-(1-7) (Ang-(1-7)) concentration is observed in some cardiovascular diseases and e... more Low angiotensin-(1-7) (Ang-(1-7)) concentration is observed in some cardiovascular diseases and exercise training seems to restore its concentration in the heart. Recently, a novel formulation of an orally active Ang-(1-7) included in hydroxy-propyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HPB-CD) was developed and chronically administered in experimental models of cardiovascular diseases. The present study examined whether chronic administration of HPB-CD/Ang-(1-7) produces beneficial cardiovascular effects in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), as well as to compare the results obtained with those produced by exercise training. Male SHR (15-week old) were divided in control (tap water) or treated with HPB-CD/Ang-(1-7) (corresponding to 30μgkg(-1)day(-1) of Ang-(1-7)) by gavage, concomitantly or not to exercise training (treadmill, 10 weeks). After chronic treatment, hemodynamic, morphometric and molecular analysis in the heart were performed. Chronic HPB-CD/Ang-(1-7) decreased arterial blood pressur...

Clinics, 2007

modulation of arterial pressure and heart rate variability in hypertensive diabetic rats. Clinics... more modulation of arterial pressure and heart rate variability in hypertensive diabetic rats. Clinics. 2007;62(4):477-82.

Clinics, 2008

Ruschel KB, Plentz RDM et al. Bradykinin or acetylcholine as vasodilators to test endothelial ven... more Ruschel KB, Plentz RDM et al. Bradykinin or acetylcholine as vasodilators to test endothelial venous function in healthy subjects. Clinics. 2008;63(4):677-82.

Value in Health, 2011

The prevalence of type 2 diabetes has shown a significant increase in parallel with health care c... more The prevalence of type 2 diabetes has shown a significant increase in parallel with health care costs. The objective of the Brazilian Study on Diabetes Costs (ESCUDI study) was to estimate direct and indirect costs of type 2 diabetes outpatient care in the Brazilian Public Health Care System. Methods: Data were collected from different levels of health care in eight Brazilian cities in 2007. A total of 1000 outpatients were interviewed and had their medical records data analyzed. Direct medical costs included expenses with medications, diagnostic tests, procedures, blood glucose test strips, and office visits. Nonmedical direct costs included expenses with diet products, transportation, and caregivers. Absenteeism, sick leave, and early retirement were classified as indirect costs. Results: Total annual cost for outpatient care was US$2108 per patient, out of which US$1335 per patient of direct costs (63.3%) and US$773 per patient of indirect costs (36.7%). Costs escalated as duration of diabetes and level of health care increased. Patients with both microvascular and macrovascular complications had higher costs (US$3199 per patient) compared to those with either microvascular (US$2062 per patient) or macrovascular (US$2517 per patient) complications only. The greatest portion of direct costs was attributed to medication (48.2%). Conclusions: Diabetes treatment leads to elevated costs both to Brazilian Public Health Care System and society. Costs increased along with duration of disease, level of care and presence of chronic complications, which suggested a need to reallocate health resources focusing on primary prevention of diabetes and its complications.

Nephron Physiology, 2007

mia, with opposite effects upon plasma insulin and urinary glucose, and both treatments decreased... more mia, with opposite effects upon plasma insulin and urinary glucose, and both treatments decreased GLUT2 mRNA and protein (p ! 0.05). Conclusion: In kidney of diabetic rats, an initial and transient upregulation of GLUT2 was induced specifically by insulin only. The 6-day normalization of GLUT2, however, was induced by both insulin and phlorizin treatment, which seems to be related to the plasma glucose lowering.

British Journal of Nutrition, 2014

The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with an increased risk of cardiac mortality, as it is... more The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with an increased risk of cardiac mortality, as it is characterised by the clustering of multiple cardiovascular risk factors. Studies have shown that capsaicin (red pepper) may be useful as a nutraceutical, ameliorating metabolic profile and cardiovascular function. The aim of the present study was to investigate the cardiovascular and metabolic effects of orally administered capsaicin in rats with the MetS. Neonate spontaneously hypertensive rats were injected with monosodium glutamate and subjected to one of the following three treatments by oral administration for 14 d, between 27 and 30 weeks: low-dose capsaicin (CAP05, n 18, synthetic capsaicin powder diluted in a vehicle (10 % ethyl alcohol) plus 0·5 mg/kg body weight (BW) of capsaicin); high-dose capsaicin (CAP1, n 19, synthetic capsaicin powder diluted in a vehicle (10 % ethyl alcohol) plus 1 mg/kg BW of capsaicin); control (C, n 18, vehicle). Lee&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s index, lipid/metabolic profile, and cardiovascular parameters with the rats being conscious, including arterial pressure (AP) and heart rate (HR) variability, as well as aortic wall thickness (haematoxylin and eosin staining) and CD68 (cluster of differentiation 68) antibody levels (monocyte/macrophage immunostaining) were evaluated. Weight, Lee&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s index, and lipid and metabolic parameters, as well as AP and HR and aortic wall thickness, were similar between the groups. Capsaicin determined HR variability improvement (16·0 (sem 9·0), 31·0 (sem 28·2) and 31·3 (sem 19·0) ms2 for the C, CAP05 and CAP1 groups, respectively, P= 0·003), increased vascular sympathetic drive (low-frequency component of systolic AP variability: 3·3 (sem 2·8), 8·2 (sem 7·7) and 12·1 (sem 8·8) mmHg2 for the C, CAP05 and CAP1 groups, respectively, P&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0·001) and increased α-index (spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity). The present data show that capsaicin did not improve lipid and glucose abnormalities in rats with the MetS. However, beneficial cardiovascular effects were observed with this nutraceutical.

Obesity Surgery, 2010

Background Morbid obesity may be associated with malnutrition. Because it is important to assess ... more Background Morbid obesity may be associated with malnutrition. Because it is important to assess the preoperative nutritional/metabolic status and bone mineral density of these patients, this study was designed aiming to evaluate bone metabolism/mineral density and nutritional profile in morbidly obese women. Methods Thirty-three morbidly obese women in preoperative care for obesity surgery were enrolled. Blood samples were drawn to determine nutritional and metabolic status, and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was per-formed to evaluate bone mineral density; 24-h recall and food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) were also evaluated. Results Twenty-seven (81.8%) women were premenopausal and six (18.2%) were postmenopausal. The mean body mass index was 43.2±4.8 kg/m 2 , and 91% were Caucasian. Insulin-resistant subjects comprised 81.8% of the sample. The median (25-75 percentile) of the total intake of 24-h recall was 3,081 (2,718-3,737) and for FFQ 2,685 (2,284-4,400) calories. FFQ underestimated total energy value intake. The median of calcium was higher when evaluated by the FFQ as compared with the 24-h recall. Protein and lipid intakes were lower if evaluated by the FFQ as compared to the 24-h recall. Vitamin D levels were low in 18 (81.8%) patients. In one premenopausal woman, bone mineral density was low in the lumbar spine (L1-L4), and in one postmenopausal woman it was low in L1-L4, femoral neck and 1/3 proximal radius. Conclusions In this study, the nutritional status of morbidly obese women was good, except for markers of bone metabolism, with no detectable differences between preand postmenopausal women.

Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, 2009

We hypothesize that, in kidney of diabetic rats, hepatocyte nuclear factors (HNF-1␣ and HNF-3␤) p... more We hypothesize that, in kidney of diabetic rats, hepatocyte nuclear factors (HNF-1␣ and HNF-3␤) play a critical role in the overexpression of solute carrier 2A2 (SLC2A2) gene. Diabetic rats submitted or not to rapid (up to 12 h) and short-term (1, 4 and 6 days) insulin treatment were investigated. Twofold increase in GLUT2 mRNA was observed in diabetic, accompanied by significant increases in HNF-1␣ and HNF-3␤ expression and binding activity. Additional 2-fold increase in GLUT2 mRNA and HNF-3␤ expression/activity was observed in 12-h insulin-treated rats. Six-day insulin treatment decreased GLUT2 mRNA and HNF-1␣ expression and activity to levels of non-diabetic rats, whereas HNF-3␤ decreased to levels of non-insulin-treated diabetic rats. Our results provide evidence for a link between the overexpression of SLC2A2 gene and the transcriptional activity of HNF-1␣ and HNF-3␤ in kidney of diabetic rats. Furthermore, recovery of SLC2A2 gene after 6-day insulin treatment also involves HNF-1␣ and HNF-3␤ activity.

Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, 2005

Increased GLUT2 gene expression in the renal proximal tubule of diabetic rats is an adaptive cond... more Increased GLUT2 gene expression in the renal proximal tubule of diabetic rats is an adaptive condition, which may be important in the diabetic nephropathy development. We investigated the effects of insulin treatment upon the renal GLUT2 overexpression of diabetic rats. Acute treatment, surprisingly, induced a rapid further increase in GLUT2 mRNA content. Twelve hours after insulin injection, GLUT2 mRNA was twice the value of saline-injected rats (P < 0.001), when GLUT2 protein remained unchanged. In response to short-term treatment, both GLUT2 mRNA and protein were increased in 1-day treated rats (P < 0.05 versus saline-injected), decreasing after that, and reaching, within 6 days, values close to those of non-diabetic rats. Concluding, insulin treatment induced: initially, an additional upregulation of GLUT2 gene expression, involving posttranscriptional modulation; thereafter, downregulation of GLUT2 expression, which returns to non-diabetic levels. The former may be related to increased insulin concentration, the latter may be due to glycemic control.

The aim of this study was to investigate endothelial venous function, inflammatory markers, and s... more The aim of this study was to investigate endothelial venous function, inflammatory markers, and systemic oxidative stress after an oral lipid overload (OLO). We studied 18 healthy adults (9 men; age, 29.2 ± 0.9 years; body mass index, 22.3 ± 0.4 kg/m 2 ). Blood samples were collected in the fasting state and 3, 4, and 5 hour after the OLO (1000 kcal, 58% fat) for metabolic variables, oxidative stress, inflammatory markers, adiponectin, and resistin. Changes in vein diameter to phenylephrine, acetylcholine, and sodium nitroprusside (dorsal hand vein technique) were measured before and after the OLO. Oral lipid overload increased triglycerides (61 ± 6 vs 134 ± 17 mg/dL, P b .001), insulin (7.2 ± 0.8 vs 10.7 ± 1.3 μU/mL, P b .05), and resistin (5.38 ± 0.5 vs 6.81 ± 0.7 ng/mL, P b .05) and reduced antioxidant capacity (plasma total antioxidant capacity: 186.7 ± 56 vs 161.8 ± 50 U Trolox per microliter plasma, P b .01), vascular reactivity (171.3 ± 85 vs 894.4 ± 301 ng/mL, P b .001), and maximum acetylcholine venodilation (105.9% ± 9% vs 61.0% ± 7%, P b .05). No changes were observed for sodium nitroprusside. Post-OLO triglycerides were positively correlated with phenylephrine dose (ρ = 0.38, P b .05) and resistin (ρ = 0.43, P b .01) and negatively correlated with the maximum acetylcholine venodilation (ρ = −0.36, P b .05). In conclusion, an OLO impaired venoconstriction responsiveness in healthy subjects, probably because of a reduction in the antioxidant capacity.

Metabolism, 2006

Through in vitro studies, several factors have been reported as modulators of GLUT4 gene expressi... more Through in vitro studies, several factors have been reported as modulators of GLUT4 gene expression. However, the role(s) of each potential GLUT4 modulator is not completely understood in the in vivo setting. The present study has investigated the hypothesis that b-adrenergic stimulation participates in modulation of GLUT4 expression during fasting and refeeding. As such, GLUT4 messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein were investigated in insulin-sensitive tissues during a 48-hour fast. In addition, the effects of 8-hour refeeding on GLUT4 mRNA in the gastrocnemius muscle and interscapular brown adipose tissue (BAT) were investigated. Whether b-adrenoceptor blockade by propranolol (20 mg/kg) treatment influenced the responsiveness to fasting/refeeding was also investigated. The results show that fasting repressed GLUT4 gene and protein expression in BAT, white adipose tissue, and soleus muscle, but had no effect on the gastrocnemius muscle. Refeeding induced a rapid overexpression of GLUT4 mRNA in both gastrocnemius (~25%, P b .05) and BAT (~200%, P b .001). Propranolol treatment induced an increase (~60%, P b .05) in GLUT4 mRNA at the end of the fasting period. In contrast, propranolol treatment attenuated GLUT4 mRNA induction after refeeding; the latter may be due to attenuation of postprandial insulin levels. These results suggest that sympathetic activity is important for the repression of GLUT4 gene expression during fasting. In contrast, sympathetic control of the GLUT4 gene seems to be overbalanced by metabolic/hormonal modulators during refeeding stage. Taken together, the results suggest that feeding behavior influences GLUT4 gene expression pattern through changes in sympathetic activity, especially during long-term starvation periods. D

Journal of the Peripheral Nervous System, 2000

Journal of Biomedical Science, 2008

This work aimed to evaluate cardiac morphology/function and histological changes induced by bone ... more This work aimed to evaluate cardiac morphology/function and histological changes induced by bone marrow cells (BMCs) and cultured mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) injected at the myocardium of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) submitted to surgical coronary occlusion. Female syngeneic adult SHR, submitted (MI) or not (C) to coronary occlusion, were treated 24 h later with in situ injections of normal medium (NM), or with MSCs (MSC) or BMCs (BM) from male rats. The animals were evaluated after 1 and 30 days by echocardiography, histology of heart sections and PCR for the Y chromosome. Improved ejection fraction and reduced left ventricle infarcted area were observed in MSC rats as compared to the other experimental groups. Treated groups had significantly reduced lesion tissue score, increased capillary density and normal (not-atrophied) myocytes, as compared to NM and C groups. The survival rate was higher in C, NM and MSC groups as compared to MI and BM groups. In situ injection of both MSCs and BMCs resulted in improved cardiac morphology, in a more physiological model of myocardial infarction represented by surgical coronary occlusion of spontaneously hypertensive rats. Only treatment with MSCs, however, ameliorated left ventricle dysfunction, suggesting a positive role of these cells in heart remodeling in infarcted hypertensive subjects.

Hormone and Metabolic Research, 2001

Increased expression of transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-beta 1) and glucose transporter (G... more Increased expression of transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-beta 1) and glucose transporter (GLUT1) has been implicated in the genesis of diabetic nephropathy. The aim of this study was to evaluate GLUT1 protein levels in the renal cortex of a rat model of diabetes as well as its relationship to urinary albumin and TGF-beta1. Streptozotocin-injected rats (n = 13) and controls (n = 13) were compared for their urinary albumin, and TGF-beta 1 and for renal cortical and medullar GLUT1 protein abundance. GLUT1 protein content was determined by optical densitometry after Western blotting using an anti-GLUT1 antibody; urinary albumin was measured using electroimmunoassay, urinary TGF-beta 1 using ELISA. Forty-five days of diabetes resulted in increased albuminuria (p &amp;lt; 0.05), urinary TGF-beta 1 (p &amp;lt; 0.05) and GLUT1 protein abundance (p &amp;lt; 0.05). There was a positive correlation between urinary TGF-beta 1 and plasma glucose levels (r = 0.65, p &amp;lt; 0.05) and albuminuria (r = 0.72, p &amp;lt; 0.05). We concluded that 45 days of diabetes result in incipient diabetic nephropathy and increased cortical GLUT1 protein abundance. We speculate that the higher cortical GLUT1 protein levels in diabetes may amplify the effects of hyperglycemia in determining higher intracellular glucose in mesangial cells, thereby contributing to diabetes-related kidney damage.

European Journal of Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation, 2010

Functional electrical stimulation (FES) produces beneficial effects in the treatment of patients ... more Functional electrical stimulation (FES) produces beneficial effects in the treatment of patients with chronic heart failure (CHF), but studies carried out in these patients show small sample sizes and conflicting results. The aim of this metaanalysis was to systematically review the effect of treatment with FES compared with conventional aerobic exercise training (CA) or control group in patients with CHF. The search strategy included MEDLINE, LILACS, Physiotherapy Evidence Database and Cochrane Library. Randomized trials comparing FES versus CA or control group in the treatment of patients with CHF were included. Two reviewers independently extracted the data. Main analysis used a fixed-effects model. The search retrieved 794 articles, from which seven studies were included. Treatment with FES provided a smaller gain in peak VO 2 compared with CA{ -0.74 ml/kg/min [95% confidence interval (CI): -1.38 to -0.10]} . There was no difference in the muscle strength [ -0.33 Nm (95% CI: -4.56 to 3.90)] and in the distance of the 6-min walk test [2.73 m (95% CI: -15.39 to 20.85)] on comparing FES with CA. An increase in peak VO 2 of 2.78 ml/kg/min (95% CI: 1.44-4.13) was observed in FES versus the control group. Treatment with FES provides a similar gain in the distance of the 6-min walk test and in the muscle strength when compared with CA, but a small gain in the peak VO 2 . An increase in the peak VO 2 can be obtained with FES as compared with the control group. Thus, FES may be an alternative in relation with CA for patients with CHF and with those who are unable to perform this kind of exercise. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev

Disability and Rehabilitation, 2011

Purpose. To compare the acute effects of functional electrical stimulation (FES) with 15 and 50 H... more Purpose. To compare the acute effects of functional electrical stimulation (FES) with 15 and 50 Hertz (Hz) frequencies on muscle strength in patients with heart failure with healthy individuals. Methods. Twenty-two 61.6 + 1.0 y-old male volunteers were studied: 10 patients with heart failure (functional class II-III) and 12 healthy controls. The isometric muscle peak torque (IMPT) of the quadriceps femoral muscle was measured through a Biodex dynamometer in maximum voluntary contraction (MVC), and under FES of 50 Hz and 15 Hz, which was applied with a 0.4 ms pulse width, 10-s contraction time, 50-s resting time and maximum tolerable intensity. Results. The IMPT differed in MVC, 50 Hz and 15 Hz FES both in patients (201.9 + 14, 55.6 + 13 and 42.1 + 12 Newton-metre, respectively; p 5 0.001) and in controls (179.3 + 9, 62.4 + 8 and 52.3 + 7 Newton-metre, respectively; p 5 0.001). There were no differences between the groups. In patients and controls, respectively, the 50 Hz FES corresponded to 27% versus 35% and the 15 Hz to 21% versus 29% of the IMPT generated at the MVC (p 5 0.001).

Clinical Autonomic Research, 2011

Introduction Diabetic autonomic neuropathy is a complication of diabetes mellitus (DM) that can c... more Introduction Diabetic autonomic neuropathy is a complication of diabetes mellitus (DM) that can cause cardiovascular and respiratory abnormalities. The association between respiratory muscle weakness and autonomic cardiovascular neuropathy has not yet been studied. The aims of the present study were to assess respiratory muscle strength, pulmonary function, and heart rate (HR) variability in diabetic patients with and without diabetic autonomic neuropathy. Materials and methods Twenty-four patients with type 2 DM were divided into two groups: those without diabetic autonomic neuropathy (C group, n = 12); and those with diabetic autonomic neuropathy (DAN group, n = 12). We evaluated pulmonary function, maximum static inspiratory pressure (PImax), maximum static expiratory pressure (PEmax), and HR variability.

Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology, 2007

1. High-sodium intake may increase blood pressure and diabetes is a salt-sensitive condition. In ... more 1. High-sodium intake may increase blood pressure and diabetes is a salt-sensitive condition. In the present study, we evaluated cardiovascular changes and their neurohumoral mechanisms in streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetic rats that underwent chronic salt loading. 2. We studied male Wistar rats (150-280 g) 14 days after the injection of either STZ (50 mg/kg, i.v.; D; n = 18) or citrate buffer (C; n = 16). After the induction of diabetes, animals were maintained for 14 days with free access to standard rat chow and tap water (C and D groups) or 1% NaCl solution (C-S and D-S groups). We conducted two experiments. Experiment 1 consisted of basal arterial pressure (AP) measurement (30 min) followed by the evaluation of AP responsiveness to phenylephrine and sodium nitroprusside. One day later, with the rats anaesthetized, a blood sample was collected to test for glycaemia, plasma angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity and renin. Kidneys were removed for the determination of tissue ACE activity. Experiment 2 comprised 24 h urine collection followed by 3 days of cardiovascular records, which consisted of a 30 min basal AP measurement, followed by injection of blockers of the vasopressin system, the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and the sympathetic system. Basal haemodynamic data, baroreflex evaluation and AP responses to blockade of the vasopressin system with vasopressin V(1) receptor antagonist (aAVP; 10 mg/kg, i.v.), the RAS by losartan (10 mg/kg, i.v.) and the sympathetic system by hexamethonium (20 mg/kg, i.v.) were determined. 3. Glycaemia was similar between C and C-S (P = 0.612) and between D and D-S (P = 0.552), but higher in diabetic compared with non-diabetic rats (P < 0.0001). The D-S rats had an increment of 24% in mean AP compared with D (120 +/- 4 vs 97 +/- 2 mmHg, respectively; P = 0.0001), which was not seen in C-S compared with C rats. A positive association was noted between urinary sodium and mean AP (r = 0.37; P = 0.04). Plasma renin was undetectable in D-S rats. The response to acute drug blockade of vasopressin and the RAS was similar among groups, but hexamethonium elicited a more pronounced decrease in AP in D-S compared with D rats (P = 0.001). 4. The main neurohumoral mechanisms of salt-induced cardiovascular changes in STZ-diabetes are increased sodium and vascular sensitivity to adrenergic stimuli, which act in combination to produce a final result of higher AP levels, a finding not observed in control rats. Baroreflex derangements induced by diabetes were not affected by salt overload.