André Luís de Araujo | Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (original) (raw)

Papers by André Luís de Araujo

Generative design approaches have emerged from the search for strategies to facilitate the explor... more Generative design approaches have emerged from the search for strategies to facilitate the exploration of alternative solutions in design, using computers as variance-producing engines to navigate through unexpected results. In this context, cellular automata (CA) have received attention from architects and urban planners as a generative strategy that is characterized by the simplicity of its mechanisms on one hand and the potential complexity of its outcomes on the other. This paper
presents a review of Cellular Automata techniques used as a creative tool in the early stages of design for Architecture. Firstly, we summarize some definitions to elucidate basic concepts and then we show how recent research has investigated complexity in those fields using cellular automata. Moreover, we have searched for scientific gaps and built hypotheses to predict future trends in Computational Design Science.

Complex forms and structures have always been highly valued in architecture, even much before the... more Complex forms and structures have always been highly valued in architecture, even much before the development of computers. Many architects and engineers have thrived to develop structures that look very complex but at the same time are relatively simple to understand, calculate and build. A good example of this approach is the Beijing National Aquatics Centre design for the 2008 Olympic Games, also known as the Water Cube. This paper presents a proposal for a structural variance-producing engine using cellular automata (CA) techniques to produce complex structures based on Weaire-Phelan geometry. In other words, this research evaluates how generative and parametric design can be integrated with structural performance in order to enhance design flexibility and control in different stages of the design process. The method we propose was built in three groups of procedures: 1) we developed a method to generate several fits for the two Weaire-Phelan polyhedrons using CA computation techniques; 2) through the finite elements method, we codified the structural analysis outcomes to use them as inputs for the CA algorithm; 3) we proposed a framework to compare how the final outcomes deviate for the good solutions in terms of structural performance and rationalization of components. We are interest in knowing how the combination of the procedures could contribute to produce complex structures that at the same time show certain rationality. The system developed allows the structural analysis of structures automatically generated by a generative system. Further work will focus on constructability aspects of certain solutions that are efficient from the structural performance point of view but are not necessarily feasible.

Referência NBR6023: BARBOSA NETO, W.; ARAUJO, A.; CARVALHO, G. CELANI, G. Samba reception desk: compromising aesthetics, fabrication and structural performance with the use of virtual and physical models in the design process. Gestão & Tecnologia de Projetos, v. 9, n. 2, p. 53-69, jul., 2014.

The present paper describes an integrative design experiment in which different types of models w... more The present paper describes an integrative design experiment in which different types of models were used in order to achieve a design that compromises aesthetics, lightness, fabrication, assembly and structural performance. It shows how an integrative aproach, through the use of both virtual and physical models, can provide valuable feedback in different phases of the design and fabrication process. It was possible to conclude that the design method used allowed solving many problems and had a significant impact in the resulting object.

The integration of structural considerations in architectural geometry processing is among the to... more The integration of structural considerations in architectural geometry processing is among the topics most discussed in the complex shapes design. While some design tools allow the designer to begin with an inefficient form and then turn it into a more efficient one, other tools allow exploring and creating structural forms considering both formal and structural aspects from the beginning. This paper presents a parametric design approach to create spatial steel trusses with the combination of two strategies: (1) shell surface to set out structural elements; (2) cross section properties to ensure structural stability aspects. In this paper we discuss how the combination of these strategies can contribute to the use of parametric design techniques in the early stages of the design process, taking into account both structural optimization and production aspects.

Referência NBR6023: ARAUJO, A.; BARBOSA NETO, W.; CELANI, G. Treliças espaciais metálicas: incorporação de requisitos de dimensionamento aos estágios iniciais do design paramétrico. In: CONGRESO DE LA SOCIEDAD IBEROAMERICANA DE GRAFICA DIGITAL, 18., 2014, Montevidéu. Anais... Montevidéu: Universidad de la República, 2014. p. 355-359.

Referência NBR6023: ARAUJO, A.; PAES, J.; VERÍSSIMO, G. Sistemas de vedação em alvenaria para edifícios em estrutura metálica: detalhamento com base na prevenção de manifestações patológicas. Gestão & Tecnologia de Projetos, v. 8, n. 2, p. 27-45, jul. 2013.

The durability performance of multi storey buildings of steel structure is closely associated to ... more The durability performance of multi storey buildings of steel structure is closely associated to the executive project planning in order to provide systems which are exposed to external conditions. The aim of this research was to present a methodological proposal for the design of masonry veneer systems for steel structure of institutional buildings which present high performance regarding durability. In order to execute this proposal, the performance of the veneer system of three institutional buildings was evaluated through building pathologies examination. Buildings which presented variations on the type of connections between masonry and structure, the type of masonry veneer and the type of façades finishes were surveyed. Then, the designed information was confronted with the construction method applied for the masonry veneer details. The confrontation was used to identify procedures to assist the development of a masonry veneer design which aims to prevent pathologies in steel structure. Finally, a building project were developed using the proposed methodology in a practical design exercise.

Revista PARC, Dec 2013

On December 18, 2013, a group of researchers from LAPAC, the Laboratory of Automation and Prototy... more On December 18, 2013, a group of researchers from LAPAC, the Laboratory of Automation and Prototyping for Architecture and Construction, at the University of Campinas, had a video-conference with Prof. Branko Kolarevic, from Calgary University. Although the main objective of the talk was to discuss the question of digital fabrication and its impacts in the making of buildings, each researcher had the opportunity to ask something about their own topic of research, which are all related to computational design: parametric modeling, the use of programming in the creative process, responsive architecture and evolutionary computation. Among these researchers were students with different backgrounds – architecture, civil engineering, mechatronics and computer science – and at different levels, from undergrads to PhD candidates.

eCAADe 30, v. 2. Physical Digitality , 2012

The present paper describes an integrative design experiment in which diferent types of models we... more The present paper describes an integrative design experiment in which diferent types of models were used in order to achieve a design that compromises aesthetics, lightness, fabrication, assembly and structural performance. It shows an integrative approach, through the use of both virtual and physical models, can provide valuable feedback in deferent phases of the design and fabrication process. It was possible to conclude that the design method used allowed solving many problems and had a significant impact in the resulting object.

Referência ABNT:
BARBOSA NETO, W. ; ARAUJO, A. ; CARVALHO, G. ; CELANI, G. Samba Reception Desk: compromising aesthetics, fabrication and structural performance in the design process. In: 30th International Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe, 2012, Prague. Digital Physicality. Prague, Czech Republic: ECAADE and CVUT, Faculty of Architecture, 2012. v. 2.

This paper describes a design experiment with the use of Voronoi Diagrams, a systematic division ... more This paper describes a design experiment with the use of Voronoi Diagrams, a systematic division of the metric space based on a set of points. Automated procedures were used in the process: a script that generated sets of random points and a plug in that automatically generated polygons based on these points. Computer models, scale models and full scale prototypes were produced in order to develop construction details and preview results. It was possible to conclude that the use of a generative method along with automated procedures is far from restricting creativity, allowing the quick exploration of multiple design alternatives.

his paper evaluates the use of Scan-and-Solve plug-in for structural analysis in Rhinoceros’s env... more his paper evaluates the use of Scan-and-Solve plug-in for structural analysis in Rhinoceros’s environment. A reception desk parametrically modeled was evaluated with Scan-and-Solve and with Ansys. From the results, we concluded that the main difference between the programs is that Ansys allows more detailed definition of the connections between parts of the object. Besides the virtual models, the results were showed with a physical model printed with the rapid prototypes techniques. The paper describes the integration of parametric modeling, structural analysis and rapid prototyping procedures in the design process.

Sigradi 2012, 2012

This paper describes a design experiment of a reception desk. Automated procedures were used in t... more This paper describes a design experiment of a reception desk. Automated procedures were used in the process: a parametric design generated the form and connections. Computer models and physical prototypes were produced in order to develop construction details and preview results. We compared this exercise with the method used to design Aviva Stadium in Dublin. It was possible to conclude that the use of a generative method along with automated procedures did not restrict creativity, allowing the quick exploration of multiple design alternatives.

ENCAC 2011 - Búzios - RJ

"An educational proposal for the learning of bioclimatic design was developed in order to improve... more "An educational proposal for the learning of bioclimatic design was developed in order to improve the students capabilities on creating bioclimatic building design interrelated to similar areas, as technology and sustainability. This paper aims to present a methodological proposal adopted in an experimental subject of the Architecture and Urbanism Course of Federal University of Viçosa for the design of bioclimatic high rise residential buildings. It consisted on the simulation of a multidisciplinary interaction among design partners with the implementation of project managers and consultants of ten suggested specialities, such as accessibility, structure, renewable energy and sustainable materials. The consulting activities were held concomitant to the traditional advising activities performed by the teachers. The results were evaluated through the students feedback obtained along the experimental subject, the scores and labels obtained in the questionnaires and the developed products: the project design, the consultant’s technical reports and the managers Design Documentation System. Positive relations between designers and consultants were identified during the development of eight bioclimatic architectural projects, such as the strong contribution of the consultant on building structure and the integration among the consultants on certifications and the consultants on building systems."

ENTAC 2012, Oct 2012

In field studies of engineering construction the term “performance” has been used as a reference ... more In field studies of engineering construction the term “performance” has been used as a reference to the efficiency of buildings and relates to the physical behavior of the sameface of various exposure conditions. The present paper reviews some pathological manifestations observed in closure systems for multistory buildings with steel structure and discuss the constructive solutions of the cases evaluated. With a view to the production of pathologic diagnoses, we selected buildings with differents in the vertical closure inconnection types brick structure and surfaces treatments given to the peripheral structure of the facades. The diagnoses were obtained through three steps of procedures in which registered the main pathological manifestations related to the structural systems and closure. Finally, we compared the information obtained on-site with the information from literacture and from a progressive exclusion of hypoteses, we determined the satisfatory correlation between pathological manifestation and it’s modes of occurance. From the results obtained, it was possible to demonstrate that a considerable number of pathological manifestations often attributed to the structural systems has intrinsic causes in the absences of detailed design, particularly in its closing systems. The details that promoted the separation between the structure and closure were considered the most appropriate.

ENTAC 2012, Oct 2012

The bioclimatic architectural standards are based on the research about the effects of buildings ... more The bioclimatic architectural standards are based on the research about the effects of buildings solutions on the thermal comfort of users. Moreover, case studies have an important role in assessing the scope of standardization and specifications. In this context, this paper aims on discussing the influence of vertical closure solution on the users thermal comfort of an auditorium. From the records of temperature and relative humidity taken over one day we have evaluated the influence of the solutions in the in-door thermal conditions. As a result we have discussed the positive and negative practices to the construction of vertical closure regarding this case study.

ENTAC 2008 - Fortaleza-CE

The concepts of “Sustainable Buildings”with basis on the development of the model that allows the... more The concepts of “Sustainable Buildings”with basis on the development of the model that allows the construction industry to propose solutions to the main ambiental questions. The goal of this paper is to evaluate sustainable aspects of the building that houses the Centro de Ciências Biológicas (CCB II) at Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV) – a new building of steel-concrete structure with laboratories, meeting rooms and cabinets – through technical evaluation. There were three stages: 1st) visual
analysis: walking through, 2nd) submit the building to the LEED Evaluate Method and 3rd) Compare this building with two others buildings certificated for the LEED. According to the results conclude that CCB II presents low sustainability in comparison with the alternative buildings from the developed countries. However, the CCB II’s constructive method shows technology advances and rational management of the recourses and recyclable materials. A “National Buildings Certified System” is necessary to the Brazilian buildings and papers like this searching for it.

ARAUJO, A.; NOVAIS, P. A. A cinética da centralidade: reflexões e análise do conceito de centralidade na formação e deslocamento dos centros urbanos. In: SEMINÁRIO ARQUITETURA E CONCEITO, 2., 2005, Belo Horizonte. Anais... Belo Horizonte: Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2005, p. 1-11.

Resumo " A Cinética da Centralidade " analisa e organiza conceitos de centralidade e as bases em ... more Resumo " A Cinética da Centralidade " analisa e organiza conceitos de centralidade e as bases em que se constrói as noções. Sua proposta: confrontar proposições de autores; analisar os pressupostos que fornecem sustentabilidade à formação dos conceitos. Verificar como estas noções informam os projetos de arquitetura e urbanismo. Seu problema: as discussões sobre o centro urbano vêm ganhando um vasto espaço dentro das políticas urbanas, o que estimula preocupações das diferentes esferas governamentais com relação à mudança de áreas centrais. A partir da constatação do deslocamento de atividades, algumas evidências estimulam indagações: Que elementos seriam geradores de centralidade? Em que idéias sobre centralidade, se apóiam as decisões urbanísticas e arquitetônicas? Identificamos três dimensões das quais os autores se valem para a formulação dos conceitos: 1) Geo-Dimensão conceitua-se o centro como ponto eqüidistante da cidade, ou seja, o lugar para onde se intensifica as relações entre diferentes indivíduos e/ou grupos sociais. Num primeiro momento, o centro agregava aquelas atividades que dependiam de maior interação; com o passar do tempo, as várias e correntes atividades entram em conflito: o deslocamento de centro é, assim, pensado como resultado da passagem de uma economia para a deseconomia de aglomeração. 2) Merco-Dimensão – a sociedade urbana está diretamente ligada à divisão social do trabalho. A produção da centralidade devido à aproximação das atividades de troca, demonstra um vetor centralidade. Este conceito numa era de acumulação flexível fundamenta um culturalismo de mercado que enxerga nas centralidades, situações e estratégias da cidade-empreendimento. 3) Tecno-Dimensão – relaciona-se ao adensamento das redes de comunicação, das quais dependem os serviços cada vez mais especializados. A vantagem das cidades constitui garantir centralidade, isto é, articular agentes e processos que necessitam de conexão para existirem. No cruzamento dessas três dimensões com as noções de centralidade encontram-se as bases para a formulação dos diferentes conceitos.

Generative design approaches have emerged from the search for strategies to facilitate the explor... more Generative design approaches have emerged from the search for strategies to facilitate the exploration of alternative solutions in design, using computers as variance-producing engines to navigate through unexpected results. In this context, cellular automata (CA) have received attention from architects and urban planners as a generative strategy that is characterized by the simplicity of its mechanisms on one hand and the potential complexity of its outcomes on the other. This paper
presents a review of Cellular Automata techniques used as a creative tool in the early stages of design for Architecture. Firstly, we summarize some definitions to elucidate basic concepts and then we show how recent research has investigated complexity in those fields using cellular automata. Moreover, we have searched for scientific gaps and built hypotheses to predict future trends in Computational Design Science.

Complex forms and structures have always been highly valued in architecture, even much before the... more Complex forms and structures have always been highly valued in architecture, even much before the development of computers. Many architects and engineers have thrived to develop structures that look very complex but at the same time are relatively simple to understand, calculate and build. A good example of this approach is the Beijing National Aquatics Centre design for the 2008 Olympic Games, also known as the Water Cube. This paper presents a proposal for a structural variance-producing engine using cellular automata (CA) techniques to produce complex structures based on Weaire-Phelan geometry. In other words, this research evaluates how generative and parametric design can be integrated with structural performance in order to enhance design flexibility and control in different stages of the design process. The method we propose was built in three groups of procedures: 1) we developed a method to generate several fits for the two Weaire-Phelan polyhedrons using CA computation techniques; 2) through the finite elements method, we codified the structural analysis outcomes to use them as inputs for the CA algorithm; 3) we proposed a framework to compare how the final outcomes deviate for the good solutions in terms of structural performance and rationalization of components. We are interest in knowing how the combination of the procedures could contribute to produce complex structures that at the same time show certain rationality. The system developed allows the structural analysis of structures automatically generated by a generative system. Further work will focus on constructability aspects of certain solutions that are efficient from the structural performance point of view but are not necessarily feasible.

Referência NBR6023: BARBOSA NETO, W.; ARAUJO, A.; CARVALHO, G. CELANI, G. Samba reception desk: compromising aesthetics, fabrication and structural performance with the use of virtual and physical models in the design process. Gestão & Tecnologia de Projetos, v. 9, n. 2, p. 53-69, jul., 2014.

The present paper describes an integrative design experiment in which different types of models w... more The present paper describes an integrative design experiment in which different types of models were used in order to achieve a design that compromises aesthetics, lightness, fabrication, assembly and structural performance. It shows how an integrative aproach, through the use of both virtual and physical models, can provide valuable feedback in different phases of the design and fabrication process. It was possible to conclude that the design method used allowed solving many problems and had a significant impact in the resulting object.

The integration of structural considerations in architectural geometry processing is among the to... more The integration of structural considerations in architectural geometry processing is among the topics most discussed in the complex shapes design. While some design tools allow the designer to begin with an inefficient form and then turn it into a more efficient one, other tools allow exploring and creating structural forms considering both formal and structural aspects from the beginning. This paper presents a parametric design approach to create spatial steel trusses with the combination of two strategies: (1) shell surface to set out structural elements; (2) cross section properties to ensure structural stability aspects. In this paper we discuss how the combination of these strategies can contribute to the use of parametric design techniques in the early stages of the design process, taking into account both structural optimization and production aspects.

Referência NBR6023: ARAUJO, A.; BARBOSA NETO, W.; CELANI, G. Treliças espaciais metálicas: incorporação de requisitos de dimensionamento aos estágios iniciais do design paramétrico. In: CONGRESO DE LA SOCIEDAD IBEROAMERICANA DE GRAFICA DIGITAL, 18., 2014, Montevidéu. Anais... Montevidéu: Universidad de la República, 2014. p. 355-359.

Referência NBR6023: ARAUJO, A.; PAES, J.; VERÍSSIMO, G. Sistemas de vedação em alvenaria para edifícios em estrutura metálica: detalhamento com base na prevenção de manifestações patológicas. Gestão & Tecnologia de Projetos, v. 8, n. 2, p. 27-45, jul. 2013.

The durability performance of multi storey buildings of steel structure is closely associated to ... more The durability performance of multi storey buildings of steel structure is closely associated to the executive project planning in order to provide systems which are exposed to external conditions. The aim of this research was to present a methodological proposal for the design of masonry veneer systems for steel structure of institutional buildings which present high performance regarding durability. In order to execute this proposal, the performance of the veneer system of three institutional buildings was evaluated through building pathologies examination. Buildings which presented variations on the type of connections between masonry and structure, the type of masonry veneer and the type of façades finishes were surveyed. Then, the designed information was confronted with the construction method applied for the masonry veneer details. The confrontation was used to identify procedures to assist the development of a masonry veneer design which aims to prevent pathologies in steel structure. Finally, a building project were developed using the proposed methodology in a practical design exercise.

Revista PARC, Dec 2013

On December 18, 2013, a group of researchers from LAPAC, the Laboratory of Automation and Prototy... more On December 18, 2013, a group of researchers from LAPAC, the Laboratory of Automation and Prototyping for Architecture and Construction, at the University of Campinas, had a video-conference with Prof. Branko Kolarevic, from Calgary University. Although the main objective of the talk was to discuss the question of digital fabrication and its impacts in the making of buildings, each researcher had the opportunity to ask something about their own topic of research, which are all related to computational design: parametric modeling, the use of programming in the creative process, responsive architecture and evolutionary computation. Among these researchers were students with different backgrounds – architecture, civil engineering, mechatronics and computer science – and at different levels, from undergrads to PhD candidates.

eCAADe 30, v. 2. Physical Digitality , 2012

The present paper describes an integrative design experiment in which diferent types of models we... more The present paper describes an integrative design experiment in which diferent types of models were used in order to achieve a design that compromises aesthetics, lightness, fabrication, assembly and structural performance. It shows an integrative approach, through the use of both virtual and physical models, can provide valuable feedback in deferent phases of the design and fabrication process. It was possible to conclude that the design method used allowed solving many problems and had a significant impact in the resulting object.

Referência ABNT:
BARBOSA NETO, W. ; ARAUJO, A. ; CARVALHO, G. ; CELANI, G. Samba Reception Desk: compromising aesthetics, fabrication and structural performance in the design process. In: 30th International Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe, 2012, Prague. Digital Physicality. Prague, Czech Republic: ECAADE and CVUT, Faculty of Architecture, 2012. v. 2.

This paper describes a design experiment with the use of Voronoi Diagrams, a systematic division ... more This paper describes a design experiment with the use of Voronoi Diagrams, a systematic division of the metric space based on a set of points. Automated procedures were used in the process: a script that generated sets of random points and a plug in that automatically generated polygons based on these points. Computer models, scale models and full scale prototypes were produced in order to develop construction details and preview results. It was possible to conclude that the use of a generative method along with automated procedures is far from restricting creativity, allowing the quick exploration of multiple design alternatives.

his paper evaluates the use of Scan-and-Solve plug-in for structural analysis in Rhinoceros’s env... more his paper evaluates the use of Scan-and-Solve plug-in for structural analysis in Rhinoceros’s environment. A reception desk parametrically modeled was evaluated with Scan-and-Solve and with Ansys. From the results, we concluded that the main difference between the programs is that Ansys allows more detailed definition of the connections between parts of the object. Besides the virtual models, the results were showed with a physical model printed with the rapid prototypes techniques. The paper describes the integration of parametric modeling, structural analysis and rapid prototyping procedures in the design process.

Sigradi 2012, 2012

This paper describes a design experiment of a reception desk. Automated procedures were used in t... more This paper describes a design experiment of a reception desk. Automated procedures were used in the process: a parametric design generated the form and connections. Computer models and physical prototypes were produced in order to develop construction details and preview results. We compared this exercise with the method used to design Aviva Stadium in Dublin. It was possible to conclude that the use of a generative method along with automated procedures did not restrict creativity, allowing the quick exploration of multiple design alternatives.

ENCAC 2011 - Búzios - RJ

"An educational proposal for the learning of bioclimatic design was developed in order to improve... more "An educational proposal for the learning of bioclimatic design was developed in order to improve the students capabilities on creating bioclimatic building design interrelated to similar areas, as technology and sustainability. This paper aims to present a methodological proposal adopted in an experimental subject of the Architecture and Urbanism Course of Federal University of Viçosa for the design of bioclimatic high rise residential buildings. It consisted on the simulation of a multidisciplinary interaction among design partners with the implementation of project managers and consultants of ten suggested specialities, such as accessibility, structure, renewable energy and sustainable materials. The consulting activities were held concomitant to the traditional advising activities performed by the teachers. The results were evaluated through the students feedback obtained along the experimental subject, the scores and labels obtained in the questionnaires and the developed products: the project design, the consultant’s technical reports and the managers Design Documentation System. Positive relations between designers and consultants were identified during the development of eight bioclimatic architectural projects, such as the strong contribution of the consultant on building structure and the integration among the consultants on certifications and the consultants on building systems."

ENTAC 2012, Oct 2012

In field studies of engineering construction the term “performance” has been used as a reference ... more In field studies of engineering construction the term “performance” has been used as a reference to the efficiency of buildings and relates to the physical behavior of the sameface of various exposure conditions. The present paper reviews some pathological manifestations observed in closure systems for multistory buildings with steel structure and discuss the constructive solutions of the cases evaluated. With a view to the production of pathologic diagnoses, we selected buildings with differents in the vertical closure inconnection types brick structure and surfaces treatments given to the peripheral structure of the facades. The diagnoses were obtained through three steps of procedures in which registered the main pathological manifestations related to the structural systems and closure. Finally, we compared the information obtained on-site with the information from literacture and from a progressive exclusion of hypoteses, we determined the satisfatory correlation between pathological manifestation and it’s modes of occurance. From the results obtained, it was possible to demonstrate that a considerable number of pathological manifestations often attributed to the structural systems has intrinsic causes in the absences of detailed design, particularly in its closing systems. The details that promoted the separation between the structure and closure were considered the most appropriate.

ENTAC 2012, Oct 2012

The bioclimatic architectural standards are based on the research about the effects of buildings ... more The bioclimatic architectural standards are based on the research about the effects of buildings solutions on the thermal comfort of users. Moreover, case studies have an important role in assessing the scope of standardization and specifications. In this context, this paper aims on discussing the influence of vertical closure solution on the users thermal comfort of an auditorium. From the records of temperature and relative humidity taken over one day we have evaluated the influence of the solutions in the in-door thermal conditions. As a result we have discussed the positive and negative practices to the construction of vertical closure regarding this case study.

ENTAC 2008 - Fortaleza-CE

The concepts of “Sustainable Buildings”with basis on the development of the model that allows the... more The concepts of “Sustainable Buildings”with basis on the development of the model that allows the construction industry to propose solutions to the main ambiental questions. The goal of this paper is to evaluate sustainable aspects of the building that houses the Centro de Ciências Biológicas (CCB II) at Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV) – a new building of steel-concrete structure with laboratories, meeting rooms and cabinets – through technical evaluation. There were three stages: 1st) visual
analysis: walking through, 2nd) submit the building to the LEED Evaluate Method and 3rd) Compare this building with two others buildings certificated for the LEED. According to the results conclude that CCB II presents low sustainability in comparison with the alternative buildings from the developed countries. However, the CCB II’s constructive method shows technology advances and rational management of the recourses and recyclable materials. A “National Buildings Certified System” is necessary to the Brazilian buildings and papers like this searching for it.

ARAUJO, A.; NOVAIS, P. A. A cinética da centralidade: reflexões e análise do conceito de centralidade na formação e deslocamento dos centros urbanos. In: SEMINÁRIO ARQUITETURA E CONCEITO, 2., 2005, Belo Horizonte. Anais... Belo Horizonte: Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2005, p. 1-11.

Resumo " A Cinética da Centralidade " analisa e organiza conceitos de centralidade e as bases em ... more Resumo " A Cinética da Centralidade " analisa e organiza conceitos de centralidade e as bases em que se constrói as noções. Sua proposta: confrontar proposições de autores; analisar os pressupostos que fornecem sustentabilidade à formação dos conceitos. Verificar como estas noções informam os projetos de arquitetura e urbanismo. Seu problema: as discussões sobre o centro urbano vêm ganhando um vasto espaço dentro das políticas urbanas, o que estimula preocupações das diferentes esferas governamentais com relação à mudança de áreas centrais. A partir da constatação do deslocamento de atividades, algumas evidências estimulam indagações: Que elementos seriam geradores de centralidade? Em que idéias sobre centralidade, se apóiam as decisões urbanísticas e arquitetônicas? Identificamos três dimensões das quais os autores se valem para a formulação dos conceitos: 1) Geo-Dimensão conceitua-se o centro como ponto eqüidistante da cidade, ou seja, o lugar para onde se intensifica as relações entre diferentes indivíduos e/ou grupos sociais. Num primeiro momento, o centro agregava aquelas atividades que dependiam de maior interação; com o passar do tempo, as várias e correntes atividades entram em conflito: o deslocamento de centro é, assim, pensado como resultado da passagem de uma economia para a deseconomia de aglomeração. 2) Merco-Dimensão – a sociedade urbana está diretamente ligada à divisão social do trabalho. A produção da centralidade devido à aproximação das atividades de troca, demonstra um vetor centralidade. Este conceito numa era de acumulação flexível fundamenta um culturalismo de mercado que enxerga nas centralidades, situações e estratégias da cidade-empreendimento. 3) Tecno-Dimensão – relaciona-se ao adensamento das redes de comunicação, das quais dependem os serviços cada vez mais especializados. A vantagem das cidades constitui garantir centralidade, isto é, articular agentes e processos que necessitam de conexão para existirem. No cruzamento dessas três dimensões com as noções de centralidade encontram-se as bases para a formulação dos diferentes conceitos.