Bart Meersman | Ghent University (original) (raw)

Papers by Bart Meersman

Research paper thumbnail of De digitaal gestuurde elektrische fiets

Research paper thumbnail of Regeling van driefasige invertorgekoppelde decentrale generatoren met betrekking tot de verbetering van de netkwaliteit

Research paper thumbnail of Grid support with wind turbines by the provision of ancillary services

Research paper thumbnail of Damping-Based Droop Control Strategy Allowing an Increased Penetration of Renewable Energy Resources in Low Voltage Grids

IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 2016

The increased penetration of renewable distributed energy sources increases the challenges for di... more The increased penetration of renewable distributed energy sources increases the challenges for distribution systems operators to keep the voltage variations within the prescribed limits. One of the voltage problems is caused by single-phase systems leading to voltage unbalance. Another problem is overvoltages caused by local injection of distributed energy sources. An effective solution for this problem is by active power curtailment. In this article a control strategy is proposed that mitigates voltage unbalance by using active power and it is equipped with a linear active power curtailment solution. The effect of the proposed control strategy and three state-of-the-art control strategies on the voltage profile and the curtailed power is studied. It can be concluded that the proposed control strategy has a beneficial effect on the voltage profile along a feeder and leads to less power curtailment compared to the state-of-the-art solutions. The proposed control strategy thus allows an increased penetration of distributed energy sources in the low voltage grid.

Research paper thumbnail of A simulation tool for extended distribution grids with controlled distributed generation

IEEE PowerTech, Jun 29, 2015

In this paper, a new software tool is presented for the simulation of electrical networks under s... more In this paper, a new software tool is presented for the simulation of electrical networks under steady-state conditions. Its distinct advantage is the robust integration of distributed generation droop controls, while offering the ability to simulate extended networks fast and reliably. The proposed simulation tool is based on the combination of two well-known software products, namely MATLAB and OpenDSS. The latter is employed as an unbalanced power flow solver, whereas the former implements the droop control of DG units. Simulation results for a simple and extended low-voltage network show the effectiveness of the proposed tool and mainly the reduction in the execution times over other conventional time-domain-based software products.

Research paper thumbnail of Droop Control as an Alternative Inertial Response Strategy for the Synthetic Inertia on Wind Turbines

IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 2016

In several countries, the wind power penetration increased tremendously in recent years. To ensur... more In several countries, the wind power penetration increased tremendously in recent years. To ensure the proper functioning of the power system, some grid operators already require the capability to provide inertial response or primary control with wind turbines. This paper discusses the emulated inertial response with wind turbines by means of the synthetic inertia and the droop control strategy. The behavior of the synthetic inertia strategy is determined by the inertial and the droop constant, whereas droop control only has a droop constant. When these strategies are used, it is important to tune the control parameters depending on the power system to which the wind turbines are connected. Simulations show that it is possible to enhance but also to deteriorate the frequency response of the system, dependent on these parameters. For different power system compositions, the optimal inertial constant is always close to zero. This way, the synthetic inertia strategy reduces to a fast droop control strategy. This is an important outcome, as it means that no differentiation of the frequency is needed to obtain an optimal inertial response from the wind turbines, which is beneficial in terms of robustness. Consequently, droop control is a viable alternative for the synthetic inertia.

Research paper thumbnail of Control of storage elements in an islanded microgrid with voltage-based control of DG units and loads

International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 2015

Research paper thumbnail of Overview of voltage control strategies in medium voltage networks with implementation of distributed generation

IET Conference on Renewable Power Generation (RPG 2011), Sep 2011

The traditional voltage control in medium voltage networks no longer suffices with the increasing... more The traditional voltage control in medium voltage networks no longer suffices with the increasing penetration of DG units. This paper will give an overview of possible voltage control strategies for medium voltage networks aiming to maximize the production of renewable energy. Simulations and case studies will be conducted to examine these control strategies and to compare them to the traditional voltage control in medium voltage networks. In this overview, active power curtailment, reactive voltage control and control strategies using the OLTC will be examined.

Research paper thumbnail of Verbetering van de netkwaliteit met behulp van decentrale energieproductie en split-link convertoren

Research paper thumbnail of Impact of speed ripple on the back-emf waveform of permanent magnet synchronous machines

ABSTRACT Permanent magnet synchronous machines are frequently used in industry because of their h... more ABSTRACT Permanent magnet synchronous machines are frequently used in industry because of their high efficiency and favourable dynamic properties. Mechanical limitations and design considerations cause several harmonics in the flux and back-emf of these machines. The back-emf harmonics can be measured on the machine terminals if no stator current is present and the neutral point is accessible. The measured harmonics can then be included in a mathematical model of the machine. This measurement is often done for a constant speed. However, when a speed ripple is present, several new harmonics are introduced in the flux and back-emf. Although the existence of this phenomenon is intuitively clear, it has not yet been investigated in detail and no method exists to calculate these additional harmonics. Nevertheless, the impact of a speed ripple on the back-emf can become significant in some applications. Therefore in this study, a mathematical model is presented, which allows one to accurately calculate the additional back-emf harmonics in the presence of speed ripples. Also, it provides more insight in the interaction between speed ripples and harmonics. The mathematical model is extensively validated by means of simulations and experiments.

Research paper thumbnail of Provision of Ancillary Services with Variable Speed Wind Turbines

IEEE Benelux Young Researchers Symposium (YRS 2014), 2014

Research paper thumbnail of Overview of increasing the penetration of renewable energy sources in the distribution grid by developing control strategies and using ancillary services

IEEE Benelux Young Researchers Symposium (YRS 2014), 2014

Increasing the renewables energy resources in the distribution network is one of the main issues ... more Increasing the renewables energy resources in the distribution network is one of the main issues of the distributed system operator due to instability, power quality and feeder capacity problems. This paper proposes a solution for further penetration of distributed energy resources, by combination of control strategies only. Besides the penetration issues, the control strategies will solve power quality problems, voltage unbalance and will increase the immunity of the grid by provision of fault ride through capabilities.

Research paper thumbnail of Combined heat power system

Research paper thumbnail of Voltage dip mitigation capabilities of three-phase damping control strategy

Electric Power Systems Research, Apr 2015

Because of the increasing penetration of distributed generation (DG) units, distribution system o... more Because of the increasing penetration of distributed generation (DG) units, distribution system operators are faced with significant challenges such as voltage and congestion problems. This has led to continuously evolving grid interconnection requirements for DG. One of these requirements is the voltage support by DG units during voltage dips. In this paper, the grid support, in case of voltage dips, by two three-phase control strategies is investigated. One of the controllers is the positive-sequence control strategy and the second is the three-phase damping control strategy, which emulates a resistive behaviour towards the negative and zero-sequence voltage components and has originally been developed for mitigating unbalance in three-phase systems. First, the behaviour of both control strategies under voltage dips is analytically studied showing that the damping control strategy provides voltage support by injecting higher currents in the phase(s) where the fault is presented. Second, the positive effect on the residual grid voltage is validated by means of simulation and experimental results.

Research paper thumbnail of Fundamental tarification of electricity

13th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE 2009), 2009

Over the past decade, power quality (PQ) issues became increasingly important. The most cited PQ ... more Over the past decade, power quality (PQ) issues became increasingly important. The most cited PQ problems are voltage dips, harmonic distortion and transient phenomena. The tarification method which is mostly used, tarifies the instantaneous active power. When absorbing harmonic power, e.g. when using an active filter, the customer has to pay for this. To overcome this, a tarification method is proposed. The fundamental tarification (FUT) method which is proposed tarifies a power which is based on the fundamental component of the grid voltage. An exaggerated effect can be implemented such that the customer is remunerated for increasing the power quality by absorbing harmonic power.

Research paper thumbnail of Influence of power control strategies on the voltage profile in an islanded microgrid

14th International Conference on Harmonics and Quality of Power (ICHQP), 2010

The emergence of large amounts of distributed energy resources (DER) poses new challenges for the... more The emergence of large amounts of distributed energy resources (DER) poses new challenges for the active participation of those units in the control of the grid. In this context, a recent development is the microgrid, which presents a coordinated approach for integrating the DER in the electrical grid. Microgrids are able to operate either connected to the distribution grid or in islanded mode. In this paper, the influence of different power control strategies of DER is studied with respect to the voltage profile in an islanded microgrid. A description of the control strategies is presented, as well as some simulation results for a basic microgrid.

Research paper thumbnail of Slimme microgrids en virtual power plants: bouwstenen van het net van de toekomst

Research paper thumbnail of Impact of distributed generation on three-phase voltage dips

ABSTRACT The interaction between three-phase inverter-connected distributed generation (DG) units... more ABSTRACT The interaction between three-phase inverter-connected distributed generation (DG) units and three-phase voltage dips will be studied in this paper. This interaction is determined by the current control strategy of the inverter. The control strategies considered in this paper are the control strategy with damping resistance and the classical sinusoidal control strategy. A harmonic load flow program developed by the authors is used to investigate the retained voltage in case of a voltage dip. It is proven that the inverter with damping control strategy supports the voltage during the dip.

Research paper thumbnail of Voltage control in islanded microgrids by means of a linear-quadratic regulator

5th IEEE Joint IAS, PELS & PES Benelux Chapter Young Researchers Symposium (YRS 2010), 2010

The increased public interest in renewables and the development of the distributed generation (DG... more The increased public interest in renewables and the development of the distributed generation (DG) technology are leading to an increasing amount of generators connected to the distribution network. New opportunities for the coordinated operation of these DGs rise with the development of the microgrid, a cluster of DGs, loads and power storage devices. The grid elements are mainly connected to the microgrid via a voltagesource inverter with dc-bus. In order to exploit the DGs in an islanded microgrid effectively, new control methods for these inverters have to be developed. Usually, an islanded microgrid is controlled by two control loops with different bandwidths. The grid voltage is controlled in the inner voltage control loop and its set value of amplitude and frequency is determined by an outer control loop. In this paper, the inner voltage control loop is studied. For the voltage control, a linear-quadratic regulator is proposed and the performance of this control method is studied.

Research paper thumbnail of The use of binary particle swarm optimization to obtain a demand side management system

IET Conference on Renewable Power Generation (RPG 2011), Sep 2011

The increasing presence of wind, solar and other intrinsically intermittent sources of energy int... more The increasing presence of wind, solar and other intrinsically intermittent sources of energy into the grid will lead to an erratic change of voltage along a distribution feeder. This phenomenon can lead to over- and undervoltages in some nodes of the line. In this paper, consumers will be considered as partially interruptible loads. By curtailing opportune loads, a smoother voltage profile can be obtained. The aim of this paper is to create a curtailment schedule that takes into account both the voltage profile along the line as well as the demands of the consumers. The use of binary particle swarm optimization will be investigated to obtain this demand side management (DSM) system.

Research paper thumbnail of De digitaal gestuurde elektrische fiets

Research paper thumbnail of Regeling van driefasige invertorgekoppelde decentrale generatoren met betrekking tot de verbetering van de netkwaliteit

Research paper thumbnail of Grid support with wind turbines by the provision of ancillary services

Research paper thumbnail of Damping-Based Droop Control Strategy Allowing an Increased Penetration of Renewable Energy Resources in Low Voltage Grids

IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 2016

The increased penetration of renewable distributed energy sources increases the challenges for di... more The increased penetration of renewable distributed energy sources increases the challenges for distribution systems operators to keep the voltage variations within the prescribed limits. One of the voltage problems is caused by single-phase systems leading to voltage unbalance. Another problem is overvoltages caused by local injection of distributed energy sources. An effective solution for this problem is by active power curtailment. In this article a control strategy is proposed that mitigates voltage unbalance by using active power and it is equipped with a linear active power curtailment solution. The effect of the proposed control strategy and three state-of-the-art control strategies on the voltage profile and the curtailed power is studied. It can be concluded that the proposed control strategy has a beneficial effect on the voltage profile along a feeder and leads to less power curtailment compared to the state-of-the-art solutions. The proposed control strategy thus allows an increased penetration of distributed energy sources in the low voltage grid.

Research paper thumbnail of A simulation tool for extended distribution grids with controlled distributed generation

IEEE PowerTech, Jun 29, 2015

In this paper, a new software tool is presented for the simulation of electrical networks under s... more In this paper, a new software tool is presented for the simulation of electrical networks under steady-state conditions. Its distinct advantage is the robust integration of distributed generation droop controls, while offering the ability to simulate extended networks fast and reliably. The proposed simulation tool is based on the combination of two well-known software products, namely MATLAB and OpenDSS. The latter is employed as an unbalanced power flow solver, whereas the former implements the droop control of DG units. Simulation results for a simple and extended low-voltage network show the effectiveness of the proposed tool and mainly the reduction in the execution times over other conventional time-domain-based software products.

Research paper thumbnail of Droop Control as an Alternative Inertial Response Strategy for the Synthetic Inertia on Wind Turbines

IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 2016

In several countries, the wind power penetration increased tremendously in recent years. To ensur... more In several countries, the wind power penetration increased tremendously in recent years. To ensure the proper functioning of the power system, some grid operators already require the capability to provide inertial response or primary control with wind turbines. This paper discusses the emulated inertial response with wind turbines by means of the synthetic inertia and the droop control strategy. The behavior of the synthetic inertia strategy is determined by the inertial and the droop constant, whereas droop control only has a droop constant. When these strategies are used, it is important to tune the control parameters depending on the power system to which the wind turbines are connected. Simulations show that it is possible to enhance but also to deteriorate the frequency response of the system, dependent on these parameters. For different power system compositions, the optimal inertial constant is always close to zero. This way, the synthetic inertia strategy reduces to a fast droop control strategy. This is an important outcome, as it means that no differentiation of the frequency is needed to obtain an optimal inertial response from the wind turbines, which is beneficial in terms of robustness. Consequently, droop control is a viable alternative for the synthetic inertia.

Research paper thumbnail of Control of storage elements in an islanded microgrid with voltage-based control of DG units and loads

International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 2015

Research paper thumbnail of Overview of voltage control strategies in medium voltage networks with implementation of distributed generation

IET Conference on Renewable Power Generation (RPG 2011), Sep 2011

The traditional voltage control in medium voltage networks no longer suffices with the increasing... more The traditional voltage control in medium voltage networks no longer suffices with the increasing penetration of DG units. This paper will give an overview of possible voltage control strategies for medium voltage networks aiming to maximize the production of renewable energy. Simulations and case studies will be conducted to examine these control strategies and to compare them to the traditional voltage control in medium voltage networks. In this overview, active power curtailment, reactive voltage control and control strategies using the OLTC will be examined.

Research paper thumbnail of Verbetering van de netkwaliteit met behulp van decentrale energieproductie en split-link convertoren

Research paper thumbnail of Impact of speed ripple on the back-emf waveform of permanent magnet synchronous machines

ABSTRACT Permanent magnet synchronous machines are frequently used in industry because of their h... more ABSTRACT Permanent magnet synchronous machines are frequently used in industry because of their high efficiency and favourable dynamic properties. Mechanical limitations and design considerations cause several harmonics in the flux and back-emf of these machines. The back-emf harmonics can be measured on the machine terminals if no stator current is present and the neutral point is accessible. The measured harmonics can then be included in a mathematical model of the machine. This measurement is often done for a constant speed. However, when a speed ripple is present, several new harmonics are introduced in the flux and back-emf. Although the existence of this phenomenon is intuitively clear, it has not yet been investigated in detail and no method exists to calculate these additional harmonics. Nevertheless, the impact of a speed ripple on the back-emf can become significant in some applications. Therefore in this study, a mathematical model is presented, which allows one to accurately calculate the additional back-emf harmonics in the presence of speed ripples. Also, it provides more insight in the interaction between speed ripples and harmonics. The mathematical model is extensively validated by means of simulations and experiments.

Research paper thumbnail of Provision of Ancillary Services with Variable Speed Wind Turbines

IEEE Benelux Young Researchers Symposium (YRS 2014), 2014

Research paper thumbnail of Overview of increasing the penetration of renewable energy sources in the distribution grid by developing control strategies and using ancillary services

IEEE Benelux Young Researchers Symposium (YRS 2014), 2014

Increasing the renewables energy resources in the distribution network is one of the main issues ... more Increasing the renewables energy resources in the distribution network is one of the main issues of the distributed system operator due to instability, power quality and feeder capacity problems. This paper proposes a solution for further penetration of distributed energy resources, by combination of control strategies only. Besides the penetration issues, the control strategies will solve power quality problems, voltage unbalance and will increase the immunity of the grid by provision of fault ride through capabilities.

Research paper thumbnail of Combined heat power system

Research paper thumbnail of Voltage dip mitigation capabilities of three-phase damping control strategy

Electric Power Systems Research, Apr 2015

Because of the increasing penetration of distributed generation (DG) units, distribution system o... more Because of the increasing penetration of distributed generation (DG) units, distribution system operators are faced with significant challenges such as voltage and congestion problems. This has led to continuously evolving grid interconnection requirements for DG. One of these requirements is the voltage support by DG units during voltage dips. In this paper, the grid support, in case of voltage dips, by two three-phase control strategies is investigated. One of the controllers is the positive-sequence control strategy and the second is the three-phase damping control strategy, which emulates a resistive behaviour towards the negative and zero-sequence voltage components and has originally been developed for mitigating unbalance in three-phase systems. First, the behaviour of both control strategies under voltage dips is analytically studied showing that the damping control strategy provides voltage support by injecting higher currents in the phase(s) where the fault is presented. Second, the positive effect on the residual grid voltage is validated by means of simulation and experimental results.

Research paper thumbnail of Fundamental tarification of electricity

13th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE 2009), 2009

Over the past decade, power quality (PQ) issues became increasingly important. The most cited PQ ... more Over the past decade, power quality (PQ) issues became increasingly important. The most cited PQ problems are voltage dips, harmonic distortion and transient phenomena. The tarification method which is mostly used, tarifies the instantaneous active power. When absorbing harmonic power, e.g. when using an active filter, the customer has to pay for this. To overcome this, a tarification method is proposed. The fundamental tarification (FUT) method which is proposed tarifies a power which is based on the fundamental component of the grid voltage. An exaggerated effect can be implemented such that the customer is remunerated for increasing the power quality by absorbing harmonic power.

Research paper thumbnail of Influence of power control strategies on the voltage profile in an islanded microgrid

14th International Conference on Harmonics and Quality of Power (ICHQP), 2010

The emergence of large amounts of distributed energy resources (DER) poses new challenges for the... more The emergence of large amounts of distributed energy resources (DER) poses new challenges for the active participation of those units in the control of the grid. In this context, a recent development is the microgrid, which presents a coordinated approach for integrating the DER in the electrical grid. Microgrids are able to operate either connected to the distribution grid or in islanded mode. In this paper, the influence of different power control strategies of DER is studied with respect to the voltage profile in an islanded microgrid. A description of the control strategies is presented, as well as some simulation results for a basic microgrid.

Research paper thumbnail of Slimme microgrids en virtual power plants: bouwstenen van het net van de toekomst

Research paper thumbnail of Impact of distributed generation on three-phase voltage dips

ABSTRACT The interaction between three-phase inverter-connected distributed generation (DG) units... more ABSTRACT The interaction between three-phase inverter-connected distributed generation (DG) units and three-phase voltage dips will be studied in this paper. This interaction is determined by the current control strategy of the inverter. The control strategies considered in this paper are the control strategy with damping resistance and the classical sinusoidal control strategy. A harmonic load flow program developed by the authors is used to investigate the retained voltage in case of a voltage dip. It is proven that the inverter with damping control strategy supports the voltage during the dip.

Research paper thumbnail of Voltage control in islanded microgrids by means of a linear-quadratic regulator

5th IEEE Joint IAS, PELS & PES Benelux Chapter Young Researchers Symposium (YRS 2010), 2010

The increased public interest in renewables and the development of the distributed generation (DG... more The increased public interest in renewables and the development of the distributed generation (DG) technology are leading to an increasing amount of generators connected to the distribution network. New opportunities for the coordinated operation of these DGs rise with the development of the microgrid, a cluster of DGs, loads and power storage devices. The grid elements are mainly connected to the microgrid via a voltagesource inverter with dc-bus. In order to exploit the DGs in an islanded microgrid effectively, new control methods for these inverters have to be developed. Usually, an islanded microgrid is controlled by two control loops with different bandwidths. The grid voltage is controlled in the inner voltage control loop and its set value of amplitude and frequency is determined by an outer control loop. In this paper, the inner voltage control loop is studied. For the voltage control, a linear-quadratic regulator is proposed and the performance of this control method is studied.

Research paper thumbnail of The use of binary particle swarm optimization to obtain a demand side management system

IET Conference on Renewable Power Generation (RPG 2011), Sep 2011

The increasing presence of wind, solar and other intrinsically intermittent sources of energy int... more The increasing presence of wind, solar and other intrinsically intermittent sources of energy into the grid will lead to an erratic change of voltage along a distribution feeder. This phenomenon can lead to over- and undervoltages in some nodes of the line. In this paper, consumers will be considered as partially interruptible loads. By curtailing opportune loads, a smoother voltage profile can be obtained. The aim of this paper is to create a curtailment schedule that takes into account both the voltage profile along the line as well as the demands of the consumers. The use of binary particle swarm optimization will be investigated to obtain this demand side management (DSM) system.