Lilian Bermejo-Luque | Universidad de Granada (original) (raw)
Papers by Lilian Bermejo-Luque
Topoi, 2024
The main goal of this paper is to show that politics constitutes a normative domain of its own. T... more The main goal of this paper is to show that politics constitutes a normative domain of its own. To this, a concept of political value that explains why the politically good provides reasons for actions is indispensable. I shape this concept by adopting the framework of political minimalism and developing one of its central tenets, namely, that politics, as a constitutively normative practice, specifies objective standards for evaluating political phenomena. I characterize the notion of political value in these terms to offer a non-moralist foundation for political normativity. In this endeavor, the work of Bernard Williams plays two opposing roles: while his metapolitical ideas exemplify the shortcomings of substantialist accounts of political normativity, his criticism of the morality system and his conception of practical rationality as all-things-considered practical deliberation are fundamental, to the point that the conception of political normativity endorsed here can be seen as an extension of Williams’ ideas on normativity in general. Finally, I draw some consequences from this account of political minimalism to show that this conception of political normativity can hardly be considered a variety of political realism.
Enrahonar: an international journal of theoretical and practical reason, Sep 14, 2023
According to political minimalism, a debate is considered political when it revolves around the q... more According to political minimalism, a debate is considered political when it revolves around the question "What shall we do?" This account suggests that certain issues related to human enhancement technologies (HETs), which have traditionally been addressed in the realm of applied ethics, could be better approached from a political standpoint. However, this raises the question of who constitutes the "we"-the communities that face the political challenges posed by HETs. We argue that there is a global human community that directly faces at least some of these challenges, and this fact underscores the relevance of a cosmopolitan perspective. While some authors have already advocated for a cosmopolitan approach in addressing issues such as poverty or climate change, they often do so from a moral outlook, without adequately distinguishing between ethics and politics. In contrast, we assert that HETs present compelling arguments in favour of cosmopolitanism as a political stance. In support of this claim, we consider two cases: the pills that would allow people to eat at will without gaining weight, and the choice between different types of cognitive enhancers.
EID&A, Apr 30, 2021
Resumo: Devemos considerar a obra de Aristóteles como a origem da Teoria da Argumentação ou como ... more Resumo: Devemos considerar a obra de Aristóteles como a origem da Teoria da Argumentação ou como um obstáculo que explicaria parcialmente o desenvolvimento tardio desta teoria? Neste artigo, tento mostrar que existem boas razões para defender ambas as posições. Com isso, pretendo ilustrar uma certa forma de conceber as relações entre Lógica, Dialética e Retórica. Essa concepção estaria mais próxima dos objetivos da própria Teoria da Argumentação do que a visão fragmentária que, por séculos, se viu apoiada pelo trabalho daqueles que, a partir de uma ou outra disciplina, se ocuparam do estudo normativo da argumentação. À medida que essa visão fragmentária é uma herança daquela visão que ainda não se desfez inteiramente na moderna Teoria da Argumentação, a leitura das obras aristotélicas aqui proposta tenta fornecer elementos úteis de reflexão para o nosso trabalho atual, especialmente aqueles relacionados à concepção da Lógica como uma teoria normativa de inferência e do entimema como silogismo retórico.
Cogency, Mar 3, 2018
Resumen: El principal objetivo de este artículo es mostrar la conveniencia de adoptar un enfoque ... more Resumen: El principal objetivo de este artículo es mostrar la conveniencia de adoptar un enfoque pragmático-lingüístico para el desarrollo de modelos normativos de argumentación. Además, presentaremos una propuesta, la única en la actualidad, dentro de este enfoque: el Modelo Normativo Lingüístico de Argumentación (Bermejo-Luque, 2011) y explicaremos sus ventajas frente a modelos alternativos tales como la Pragma-dialéctica-hegemónico dentro del enfoque dialéctico-o la Lógica Informal Canadiense-uno de los principales exponentes actuales del enfoque lógico.
Springer eBooks, 2011
This chapter is devoted to some meta-theoretical questions aimed to show why do we need a new the... more This chapter is devoted to some meta-theoretical questions aimed to show why do we need a new theory of argumentation.
Studies in Logic, Grammar and Rhetoric, 2009
I characterize the deductivist ideal of justification and, following to a great extent Toulmin... more I characterize the deductivist ideal of justification and, following to a great extent Toulmin's workThe Uses of Argument, I try to explain why this ideal is erroneous. Then I offer an alternative model of justification capable of making our claims to knowledge about substantial matters sound and reason- able. This model of justification will be based on a conception of justification as the result of good argumentation, and on a model of argumentation which is
El principal objetivo de este articulo es mostrar la conveniencia de adoptar un enfoque pragmatic... more El principal objetivo de este articulo es mostrar la conveniencia de adoptar un enfoque pragmatico-linguistico para el desarrollo de modelos normativos de argumentacion. Ademas, presentaremos una propuesta, la unica en la actualidad, dentro de este enfoque: el Modelo Normativo Linguistico de Argumentacion (Bermejo-Luque, 2011) y explicaremos sus ventajas frente a modelos alternativos tales como la Pragma-dialectica –hegemonico dentro del enfoque dialectico– o la Logica Informal Canadiense –uno de los principales exponentes actuales del enfoque logico.
Informal Logic, Sep 9, 2021
Ethics in Science and Environmental Politics
Our aim is to defend the Precautionary Principle (PP) against the main theoretical and practical ... more Our aim is to defend the Precautionary Principle (PP) against the main theoretical and practical criticisms that it has raised by proposing a novel conception and a specific formulation of the principle. We first address the theoretical concerns against the idea of there being a principle of precaution by arguing for a distinctively political conception of the PP as opposed to a moral one. Our claim is that the rationale of the PP is grounded in the fact that contemporary societies wish to avoid morally unacceptable risks while at the same time pursuing other goals, aspirations and values. Following this political conception of the PP, we propose a specific formulation in terms of an argumentation scheme—the Argumentation Scheme for Appealing to Precaution—which is meant to solve, in turn, the main practical concerns that the PP has raised. We explain the advantages of our proposal by analysing appeals to precaution in the cases of (1) the European restrictions on the free movement ...
ETHICS IN SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL POLITICS, 2023
Our aim is to defend the Precautionary Principle (PP) against the main theoretical and practical... more Our aim is to defend the Precautionary Principle (PP) against the main theoretical and practical criticisms that it has raised by proposing a novel conception and a specific formulation of the principle. We first address the theoretical concerns against the idea of there being a principle of precaution by arguing for a distinctively political conception of the PP as opposed to a
moral one. Our claim is that the rationale of the PP is grounded in the fact that contemporary societies wish to avoid morally unacceptable risks while at the same time pursuing other goals, aspirations and values. Following this political conception of the PP, we propose a specific formulation
in terms of an argumentation scheme — the Argumentation Scheme for Appealing to Precaution —which is meant to solve, in turn, the main practical concerns that the PP has raised. We explain the advantages of our proposal by analysing appeals to precaution in the cases of (1) the European
restrictions on the free movement of persons during the COVID-19 pandemic and (2) the discharge of nuclear wastes into the Irish Sea.
Topoi, 2023
Bermejo-Luque, L., Rodríguez-Alcázar, J. Introduction to the Topoi Special Issue “Argumentation a... more Bermejo-Luque, L., Rodríguez-Alcázar, J. Introduction to the Topoi Special Issue “Argumentation and Politics”. Topoi 42, 543–545 (2023).
Theoria-revista De Teoria Historia Y Fundamentos De La Ciencia, 2011
Theoria-revista De Teoria Historia Y Fundamentos De La Ciencia, 2011
El uso de analogias en bioetica es muy frecuente. Dado que son instrumentos especialmente eficace... more El uso de analogias en bioetica es muy frecuente. Dado que son instrumentos especialmente eficaces desde un punto de vista retorico, resulta fundamental determinar bajo que condiciones la formulacion de analogias constituye un recurso discursivo legitimo. En este articulo, distinguimos entre usos no-discursivos y usos discursivos de las analogias, y dentro de estos ultimos, entre usos explicativos y usos argumentativos. En base a esta clasificacion, proponemos distintos conjuntos de criterios para determinar si una analogia particular constituye un recurso discursivo legitimo o no. Para ello, ilustramos nuestra clasificacion mediante ejemplos tomados del reciente debate etico y juridico sobre los biobancos.
The ad baculum fallacy has been traditionally characterized as argumentation appealing to force i... more The ad baculum fallacy has been traditionally characterized as argumentation appealing to force in order to cause the acceptance of a conclusion (Copi & Cohen, 1990: 105). Yet different authors have proposed more accurate definitions of the ad baculum that question this traditional general account. Among these alternative accounts, there are two which reject the idea that the ad baculum is a fallacy at all: on the one hand, the already almost classical account by Michael Wreen, and on the other hand, Don S. Levi’s proposal, developed in his article “The Fallacy of Treating the Ad Baculum as a Fallacy” (1999).
Topoi, 2024
The main goal of this paper is to show that politics constitutes a normative domain of its own. T... more The main goal of this paper is to show that politics constitutes a normative domain of its own. To this, a concept of political value that explains why the politically good provides reasons for actions is indispensable. I shape this concept by adopting the framework of political minimalism and developing one of its central tenets, namely, that politics, as a constitutively normative practice, specifies objective standards for evaluating political phenomena. I characterize the notion of political value in these terms to offer a non-moralist foundation for political normativity. In this endeavor, the work of Bernard Williams plays two opposing roles: while his metapolitical ideas exemplify the shortcomings of substantialist accounts of political normativity, his criticism of the morality system and his conception of practical rationality as all-things-considered practical deliberation are fundamental, to the point that the conception of political normativity endorsed here can be seen as an extension of Williams’ ideas on normativity in general. Finally, I draw some consequences from this account of political minimalism to show that this conception of political normativity can hardly be considered a variety of political realism.
Enrahonar: an international journal of theoretical and practical reason, Sep 14, 2023
According to political minimalism, a debate is considered political when it revolves around the q... more According to political minimalism, a debate is considered political when it revolves around the question "What shall we do?" This account suggests that certain issues related to human enhancement technologies (HETs), which have traditionally been addressed in the realm of applied ethics, could be better approached from a political standpoint. However, this raises the question of who constitutes the "we"-the communities that face the political challenges posed by HETs. We argue that there is a global human community that directly faces at least some of these challenges, and this fact underscores the relevance of a cosmopolitan perspective. While some authors have already advocated for a cosmopolitan approach in addressing issues such as poverty or climate change, they often do so from a moral outlook, without adequately distinguishing between ethics and politics. In contrast, we assert that HETs present compelling arguments in favour of cosmopolitanism as a political stance. In support of this claim, we consider two cases: the pills that would allow people to eat at will without gaining weight, and the choice between different types of cognitive enhancers.
EID&A, Apr 30, 2021
Resumo: Devemos considerar a obra de Aristóteles como a origem da Teoria da Argumentação ou como ... more Resumo: Devemos considerar a obra de Aristóteles como a origem da Teoria da Argumentação ou como um obstáculo que explicaria parcialmente o desenvolvimento tardio desta teoria? Neste artigo, tento mostrar que existem boas razões para defender ambas as posições. Com isso, pretendo ilustrar uma certa forma de conceber as relações entre Lógica, Dialética e Retórica. Essa concepção estaria mais próxima dos objetivos da própria Teoria da Argumentação do que a visão fragmentária que, por séculos, se viu apoiada pelo trabalho daqueles que, a partir de uma ou outra disciplina, se ocuparam do estudo normativo da argumentação. À medida que essa visão fragmentária é uma herança daquela visão que ainda não se desfez inteiramente na moderna Teoria da Argumentação, a leitura das obras aristotélicas aqui proposta tenta fornecer elementos úteis de reflexão para o nosso trabalho atual, especialmente aqueles relacionados à concepção da Lógica como uma teoria normativa de inferência e do entimema como silogismo retórico.
Cogency, Mar 3, 2018
Resumen: El principal objetivo de este artículo es mostrar la conveniencia de adoptar un enfoque ... more Resumen: El principal objetivo de este artículo es mostrar la conveniencia de adoptar un enfoque pragmático-lingüístico para el desarrollo de modelos normativos de argumentación. Además, presentaremos una propuesta, la única en la actualidad, dentro de este enfoque: el Modelo Normativo Lingüístico de Argumentación (Bermejo-Luque, 2011) y explicaremos sus ventajas frente a modelos alternativos tales como la Pragma-dialéctica-hegemónico dentro del enfoque dialéctico-o la Lógica Informal Canadiense-uno de los principales exponentes actuales del enfoque lógico.
Springer eBooks, 2011
This chapter is devoted to some meta-theoretical questions aimed to show why do we need a new the... more This chapter is devoted to some meta-theoretical questions aimed to show why do we need a new theory of argumentation.
Studies in Logic, Grammar and Rhetoric, 2009
I characterize the deductivist ideal of justification and, following to a great extent Toulmin... more I characterize the deductivist ideal of justification and, following to a great extent Toulmin's workThe Uses of Argument, I try to explain why this ideal is erroneous. Then I offer an alternative model of justification capable of making our claims to knowledge about substantial matters sound and reason- able. This model of justification will be based on a conception of justification as the result of good argumentation, and on a model of argumentation which is
El principal objetivo de este articulo es mostrar la conveniencia de adoptar un enfoque pragmatic... more El principal objetivo de este articulo es mostrar la conveniencia de adoptar un enfoque pragmatico-linguistico para el desarrollo de modelos normativos de argumentacion. Ademas, presentaremos una propuesta, la unica en la actualidad, dentro de este enfoque: el Modelo Normativo Linguistico de Argumentacion (Bermejo-Luque, 2011) y explicaremos sus ventajas frente a modelos alternativos tales como la Pragma-dialectica –hegemonico dentro del enfoque dialectico– o la Logica Informal Canadiense –uno de los principales exponentes actuales del enfoque logico.
Informal Logic, Sep 9, 2021
Ethics in Science and Environmental Politics
Our aim is to defend the Precautionary Principle (PP) against the main theoretical and practical ... more Our aim is to defend the Precautionary Principle (PP) against the main theoretical and practical criticisms that it has raised by proposing a novel conception and a specific formulation of the principle. We first address the theoretical concerns against the idea of there being a principle of precaution by arguing for a distinctively political conception of the PP as opposed to a moral one. Our claim is that the rationale of the PP is grounded in the fact that contemporary societies wish to avoid morally unacceptable risks while at the same time pursuing other goals, aspirations and values. Following this political conception of the PP, we propose a specific formulation in terms of an argumentation scheme—the Argumentation Scheme for Appealing to Precaution—which is meant to solve, in turn, the main practical concerns that the PP has raised. We explain the advantages of our proposal by analysing appeals to precaution in the cases of (1) the European restrictions on the free movement ...
ETHICS IN SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL POLITICS, 2023
Our aim is to defend the Precautionary Principle (PP) against the main theoretical and practical... more Our aim is to defend the Precautionary Principle (PP) against the main theoretical and practical criticisms that it has raised by proposing a novel conception and a specific formulation of the principle. We first address the theoretical concerns against the idea of there being a principle of precaution by arguing for a distinctively political conception of the PP as opposed to a
moral one. Our claim is that the rationale of the PP is grounded in the fact that contemporary societies wish to avoid morally unacceptable risks while at the same time pursuing other goals, aspirations and values. Following this political conception of the PP, we propose a specific formulation
in terms of an argumentation scheme — the Argumentation Scheme for Appealing to Precaution —which is meant to solve, in turn, the main practical concerns that the PP has raised. We explain the advantages of our proposal by analysing appeals to precaution in the cases of (1) the European
restrictions on the free movement of persons during the COVID-19 pandemic and (2) the discharge of nuclear wastes into the Irish Sea.
Topoi, 2023
Bermejo-Luque, L., Rodríguez-Alcázar, J. Introduction to the Topoi Special Issue “Argumentation a... more Bermejo-Luque, L., Rodríguez-Alcázar, J. Introduction to the Topoi Special Issue “Argumentation and Politics”. Topoi 42, 543–545 (2023).
Theoria-revista De Teoria Historia Y Fundamentos De La Ciencia, 2011
Theoria-revista De Teoria Historia Y Fundamentos De La Ciencia, 2011
El uso de analogias en bioetica es muy frecuente. Dado que son instrumentos especialmente eficace... more El uso de analogias en bioetica es muy frecuente. Dado que son instrumentos especialmente eficaces desde un punto de vista retorico, resulta fundamental determinar bajo que condiciones la formulacion de analogias constituye un recurso discursivo legitimo. En este articulo, distinguimos entre usos no-discursivos y usos discursivos de las analogias, y dentro de estos ultimos, entre usos explicativos y usos argumentativos. En base a esta clasificacion, proponemos distintos conjuntos de criterios para determinar si una analogia particular constituye un recurso discursivo legitimo o no. Para ello, ilustramos nuestra clasificacion mediante ejemplos tomados del reciente debate etico y juridico sobre los biobancos.
The ad baculum fallacy has been traditionally characterized as argumentation appealing to force i... more The ad baculum fallacy has been traditionally characterized as argumentation appealing to force in order to cause the acceptance of a conclusion (Copi & Cohen, 1990: 105). Yet different authors have proposed more accurate definitions of the ad baculum that question this traditional general account. Among these alternative accounts, there are two which reject the idea that the ad baculum is a fallacy at all: on the one hand, the already almost classical account by Michael Wreen, and on the other hand, Don S. Levi’s proposal, developed in his article “The Fallacy of Treating the Ad Baculum as a Fallacy” (1999).
¿Por qué está mal hacer una petición de principio, formular una pregunta compleja, desplazar la c... more ¿Por qué está mal hacer una petición de principio, formular una pregunta compleja, desplazar la carga de la prueba, crear un hombre de paja o usar lenguaje cargado? ¿En qué consiste el error argumentativo de las «falacias informales»? ¿Es siempre incorrecto argumentar ad hominem, ad populum, ad verecundiam? La lógica formal ha dejado estas preguntas sin respuesta, pues nunca ha sido su cometido indagar los entresijos pragmáticos de la argumentación cotidiana, más allá de las relaciones de inferencia. En cambio, a la teoría de la argumentación le interesa todo aquello que forma parte del buen argumentar, incluido lo que la lógica no alcanza.
Este libro es una introducción a la teoría de la argumentación, con especial atención al estudio de las falacias informales. En él se exponen los modelos más influyentes para la distinción entre buena y mala argumentación, y se discute si alguna teoría de la falacia podría servir como modelo para evaluar argumentos. Se analiza también la función del catálogo tradicional de falacias, la distinción entre malos argumentos y argumentos falaces, la posibilidad de desarrollar una teoría de la falacia digna de ese nombre e, incluso, la coherencia del concepto mismo de falacia
Even if we identify the goals of normative theories of argumentation with the goals of a theory o... more Even if we identify the goals of normative theories of argumentation with the goals of a theory of justification, we can either focus on the conditions for considering that a target-claim is justified, or on characterizing justification from the point of view of the practice of arguing. I analyze the rewards and shortcomings of both views and their corresponding criteriological and transcendental accounts of the sort of objectivity that good argumentation is able to provide.
Revista Iberoamericana De Argumentacion, Jun 19, 2014
Se permite el uso, copia y distribución de este artículo si se hace de manera literal y completa ... more Se permite el uso, copia y distribución de este artículo si se hace de manera literal y completa (incluidas las referencias a la Revista Iberoamericana de Argumentación), sin fines comerciales y se respeta al autor adjuntando esta nota. El texto completo de esta licencia está disponible en: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/es/legalcode.es RIA 8 (2014): 1-4
Revista Iberoamericana De Argumentacion, Jun 11, 2012
Revista Iberoamericana De Argumentacion, Dec 28, 2012
Se permite el uso, copia y distribución de este artículo si se hace de manera literal y completa ... more Se permite el uso, copia y distribución de este artículo si se hace de manera literal y completa (incluidas las referencias a la Revista Iberoamericana de Argumentación), sin fines comerciales y se respeta al autor adjuntando esta nota. El texto completo de esta licencia está disponible en:
Journal of Argumentation in Context, 2015
In his stimulating paper "Arguing conductively or arguing strategically?", Prof. Xie contends tha... more In his stimulating paper "Arguing conductively or arguing strategically?", Prof. Xie contends that conductive arguments mainly serve to satisfy arguers' intentions of strengthening the persuasive effect of their argumentations rather than their justificatory force. He points out that this is exactly the type of intention that underlies what Pragma-dialectics has named strategic maneuvering; and for this reason, he takes it that "the theoretical tools pertaining to the analysis and evaluation of strategic maneuvering could be well employed in explaining and assessing conductive arguments." In sum, the main idea of his paper is that "rather than imposing a new argument typology and searching for some new theory, we could simply treat conductive arguments as a particular form of strategic maneuvering."
Nota sobre mi libro "FALACIAS Y ARGUMENTACIÓN"
