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T~3LE 10: Frequencies of Debitage Raw Material Type as Expressed in Percentages of Total Area and... more T~3LE 10: Frequencies of Debitage Raw Material Type as Expressed in Percentages of Total Area and Total Count • •. .• the impact zone of the proposed Bobby Jones Expressway. We would also like to especially thank Mr. George Lewis, president of the Society, fo:r his assis tance during the survey.
The Florida Anthropologist, 1986
University Press of Colorado eBooks, Dec 1, 2021
Night and Darkness in Ancient Mesoamerica, 2021
Excavations in the Classic Period apartment compound, site 33:S3W1, in the ancient city of Teotih... more Excavations in the Classic Period apartment compound, site 33:S3W1, in the ancient city of Teotihuacan, Mexico, have revealed the existence of two lapidary workshops. These workshops were spatially discrete and separate from domestic quarters and were located on the periphery of the compound, but still inside it, in open courtyard areas with packed earth surfaces. A number of stone grinding tools and work surfaces initially identified these areas as lapidary workshops. This assessment was confirmed by microartifact analysis of associated soil samples which indicate that a number of different raw material classes were used in the lapidary production. All of these materials, with the exception of basalt, are imported from outside of the valley of Mexico. Differential use of raw materials is present and appears to be based on the value of the commodity. Basalt and slate are the most common materials used, with greenstone and shell being the scarcest. The volume of raw material debitage...
Part of the Anthropology Commons This Book is brought to you for free and open access by the Arch... more Part of the Anthropology Commons This Book is brought to you for free and open access by the Archaeology and Anthropology, South Carolina Institute of at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Research Manuscript Series by an authorized administrator of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact
The Florida Anthropologist, 1986
Description A two-phase archeological project was carried out at Fort Johnson, South Carolina (38... more Description A two-phase archeological project was carried out at Fort Johnson, South Carolina (38CH275) during January and March 1976 to evaluate the archeological resources that would be impacted by the construction of the Southeast Utilization Research Center. The survey phase of the project utilized a subsurface sampling technique based upon the random placement of test cores throughout the site. This phase of the project revealed a single component shell midden associated exclusively with Hanover Ware ceramics and the second phase of the project was performed to intensively investigate this midden. Separate activity areas were delineated during this excavation and two radiocarbon dates were obtained from oyster shell in the midden. The implications of this study are of considerable importance both from the point of view of archeological method as well as understanding prehistoric behavior patterns on the South Carolina coast.
Ancient Mesoamerica
A total of 84 two-liter soil samples from Proyecto Arqueológico Tlajinga Teotihuacan (PATT) sites... more A total of 84 two-liter soil samples from Proyecto Arqueológico Tlajinga Teotihuacan (PATT) sites 17:S3E1, 18:S3E1, and the Street of the Dead excavations were fine-screened through 1-mm mesh and were sorted to retrieve tiny artifacts. The raw lapidary stone and marine shell material was then analyzed to assess the presence and intensity of artifact production. These data were also compared with the lapidary material of nearby 33:S3W1. A robust multicraft lapidary production was revealed. Sequins and stemmed trapezoid pendants were manufactured from slate, greenstone, marine shell, and mica, with slate being the predominant raw material being worked. A reduction sequence for slate sequins was developed based on the various shapes of slate materials that indicated the stages of production. Importantly, this lapidary craft production was not recognized from surface collections prior to excavation.
Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences, 2016
Food at Teotihuacan was more likely affected by social inequality than by availability. The skele... more Food at Teotihuacan was more likely affected by social inequality than by availability. The skeletons from Tlajinga 33 have high prevalence of skeletal indicators of morbidity. Since this was a lower-status compound of artisans, this could be due to poor diet, as well as an unhygienic environment. Analysis of faunal remains suggests that animal remains were an important and plentiful component of the diet. However, most consist of insects, small fish, reptiles, avian eggs, and small mammals. Of particular importance is the size and nutritional value of these dietary items, as many would be considered vermin which were available solely because of attraction to stored foods. It is important to employ proper recovery techniques to eliminate bias in size of animal remains to obtain an accurate understanding of the total diet. We demonstrate that there was adequate animal protein in the Tlajinga 33 diet, but it was very different than what is usually considered “animal protein.” Thus, the residents had access to a nutritious and balanced diet, and this information eliminates protein deficiency as cause of the morbidity. Instead, the focus is on the urban environment and any status disadvantages faced by residents dependent on market exchange for staple foods.
New Directions in Biocultural Anthropology, 2016
Description An archeological survey of a 140 acre tract of land on the Colleton River, Beaufort C... more Description An archeological survey of a 140 acre tract of land on the Colleton River, Beaufort County, South Carolina, scheduled for industrial development by the Chicago Bridge and Iron Company, was conducted by the Institute of Archeology and Anthropology on April 14-17, 1976. Surface investigation and subsurface sampling were used to locate eleven archeological sites on, or very near, the impact zone, two of which (38BUl05 and 38BUl06) had been recorded in a previous survey in 1973. One site (38BU125) is of the historic period but appears to have been almost totally destroyed by bank erosion and its remains are probably washed into the Colleton River. Underwater investigation of this area is recommended. Four sites (38BUl06, 38BU126, 38BU127, and 38BU128) are outside the impact zone but relate directly to those within the impact zone. One of these (38BU128) will apparently be affected by the project as it is said to be scheduled for use as a spoil area. Seven sites are within the direct impact zone, five of which (38BU124, 38BU129, 38BU130, 38BU13l, and 38BU132) are stratified shell midden sites of the Wilmington culture period dating from about A.D. 700 to A.D. 1100. These five sites exhibit a patterned cultural content and geographic location that is consistent throughout. Each is a series of discrete shell middens situated in the interior (away from the river) and adjacent to prehistoric freshwater lakes or ponds. This kind of consistent settlement pattern is extremely important to the understanding of a culture complex. A settlement-subsistence pattern adapted to intensive exploitation of fresh water, coastal resources is suggested. This adaptive pattern has been termed the Coastal Lacustrine Adaptive Pattern. Three of the sites discussed in the paragraph above (38BU124, 38BU129, and 38BU132) are recommended for nomination to the National Register of Historic Places. It is recommended that each of these three be extensively excavated and interpreted in order to mitigate the adverse affects to them that the construction project poses.
Ancient Mesoamerica, Mar 1, 1991
Page 1. Ancient Mesoamerica, 2 (1991), 131-147 Copyright © 1991 Cambridge University Press. Print... more Page 1. Ancient Mesoamerica, 2 (1991), 131-147 Copyright © 1991 Cambridge University Press. Printed in the USA LAPIDARY CRAFT SPECIALIZATION ATTEOTIHUACAN Implications for Community Structure at 33:S3W1 and Economic Organization in the City Randolph ]. ...
T~3LE 10: Frequencies of Debitage Raw Material Type as Expressed in Percentages of Total Area and... more T~3LE 10: Frequencies of Debitage Raw Material Type as Expressed in Percentages of Total Area and Total Count • •. .• the impact zone of the proposed Bobby Jones Expressway. We would also like to especially thank Mr. George Lewis, president of the Society, fo:r his assis tance during the survey.
The Florida Anthropologist, 1986
University Press of Colorado eBooks, Dec 1, 2021
Night and Darkness in Ancient Mesoamerica, 2021
Excavations in the Classic Period apartment compound, site 33:S3W1, in the ancient city of Teotih... more Excavations in the Classic Period apartment compound, site 33:S3W1, in the ancient city of Teotihuacan, Mexico, have revealed the existence of two lapidary workshops. These workshops were spatially discrete and separate from domestic quarters and were located on the periphery of the compound, but still inside it, in open courtyard areas with packed earth surfaces. A number of stone grinding tools and work surfaces initially identified these areas as lapidary workshops. This assessment was confirmed by microartifact analysis of associated soil samples which indicate that a number of different raw material classes were used in the lapidary production. All of these materials, with the exception of basalt, are imported from outside of the valley of Mexico. Differential use of raw materials is present and appears to be based on the value of the commodity. Basalt and slate are the most common materials used, with greenstone and shell being the scarcest. The volume of raw material debitage...
Part of the Anthropology Commons This Book is brought to you for free and open access by the Arch... more Part of the Anthropology Commons This Book is brought to you for free and open access by the Archaeology and Anthropology, South Carolina Institute of at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Research Manuscript Series by an authorized administrator of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact
The Florida Anthropologist, 1986
Description A two-phase archeological project was carried out at Fort Johnson, South Carolina (38... more Description A two-phase archeological project was carried out at Fort Johnson, South Carolina (38CH275) during January and March 1976 to evaluate the archeological resources that would be impacted by the construction of the Southeast Utilization Research Center. The survey phase of the project utilized a subsurface sampling technique based upon the random placement of test cores throughout the site. This phase of the project revealed a single component shell midden associated exclusively with Hanover Ware ceramics and the second phase of the project was performed to intensively investigate this midden. Separate activity areas were delineated during this excavation and two radiocarbon dates were obtained from oyster shell in the midden. The implications of this study are of considerable importance both from the point of view of archeological method as well as understanding prehistoric behavior patterns on the South Carolina coast.
Ancient Mesoamerica
A total of 84 two-liter soil samples from Proyecto Arqueológico Tlajinga Teotihuacan (PATT) sites... more A total of 84 two-liter soil samples from Proyecto Arqueológico Tlajinga Teotihuacan (PATT) sites 17:S3E1, 18:S3E1, and the Street of the Dead excavations were fine-screened through 1-mm mesh and were sorted to retrieve tiny artifacts. The raw lapidary stone and marine shell material was then analyzed to assess the presence and intensity of artifact production. These data were also compared with the lapidary material of nearby 33:S3W1. A robust multicraft lapidary production was revealed. Sequins and stemmed trapezoid pendants were manufactured from slate, greenstone, marine shell, and mica, with slate being the predominant raw material being worked. A reduction sequence for slate sequins was developed based on the various shapes of slate materials that indicated the stages of production. Importantly, this lapidary craft production was not recognized from surface collections prior to excavation.
Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences, 2016
Food at Teotihuacan was more likely affected by social inequality than by availability. The skele... more Food at Teotihuacan was more likely affected by social inequality than by availability. The skeletons from Tlajinga 33 have high prevalence of skeletal indicators of morbidity. Since this was a lower-status compound of artisans, this could be due to poor diet, as well as an unhygienic environment. Analysis of faunal remains suggests that animal remains were an important and plentiful component of the diet. However, most consist of insects, small fish, reptiles, avian eggs, and small mammals. Of particular importance is the size and nutritional value of these dietary items, as many would be considered vermin which were available solely because of attraction to stored foods. It is important to employ proper recovery techniques to eliminate bias in size of animal remains to obtain an accurate understanding of the total diet. We demonstrate that there was adequate animal protein in the Tlajinga 33 diet, but it was very different than what is usually considered “animal protein.” Thus, the residents had access to a nutritious and balanced diet, and this information eliminates protein deficiency as cause of the morbidity. Instead, the focus is on the urban environment and any status disadvantages faced by residents dependent on market exchange for staple foods.
New Directions in Biocultural Anthropology, 2016
Description An archeological survey of a 140 acre tract of land on the Colleton River, Beaufort C... more Description An archeological survey of a 140 acre tract of land on the Colleton River, Beaufort County, South Carolina, scheduled for industrial development by the Chicago Bridge and Iron Company, was conducted by the Institute of Archeology and Anthropology on April 14-17, 1976. Surface investigation and subsurface sampling were used to locate eleven archeological sites on, or very near, the impact zone, two of which (38BUl05 and 38BUl06) had been recorded in a previous survey in 1973. One site (38BU125) is of the historic period but appears to have been almost totally destroyed by bank erosion and its remains are probably washed into the Colleton River. Underwater investigation of this area is recommended. Four sites (38BUl06, 38BU126, 38BU127, and 38BU128) are outside the impact zone but relate directly to those within the impact zone. One of these (38BU128) will apparently be affected by the project as it is said to be scheduled for use as a spoil area. Seven sites are within the direct impact zone, five of which (38BU124, 38BU129, 38BU130, 38BU13l, and 38BU132) are stratified shell midden sites of the Wilmington culture period dating from about A.D. 700 to A.D. 1100. These five sites exhibit a patterned cultural content and geographic location that is consistent throughout. Each is a series of discrete shell middens situated in the interior (away from the river) and adjacent to prehistoric freshwater lakes or ponds. This kind of consistent settlement pattern is extremely important to the understanding of a culture complex. A settlement-subsistence pattern adapted to intensive exploitation of fresh water, coastal resources is suggested. This adaptive pattern has been termed the Coastal Lacustrine Adaptive Pattern. Three of the sites discussed in the paragraph above (38BU124, 38BU129, and 38BU132) are recommended for nomination to the National Register of Historic Places. It is recommended that each of these three be extensively excavated and interpreted in order to mitigate the adverse affects to them that the construction project poses.
Ancient Mesoamerica, Mar 1, 1991
Page 1. Ancient Mesoamerica, 2 (1991), 131-147 Copyright © 1991 Cambridge University Press. Print... more Page 1. Ancient Mesoamerica, 2 (1991), 131-147 Copyright © 1991 Cambridge University Press. Printed in the USA LAPIDARY CRAFT SPECIALIZATION ATTEOTIHUACAN Implications for Community Structure at 33:S3W1 and Economic Organization in the City Randolph ]. ...