Olivier Rascle | Université Haute Bretagne (original) (raw)

Papers by Olivier Rascle

Research paper thumbnail of AGGRESSION IN YOUTH HANDBALL: RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN GOAL ORIENTATIONS AND INDUCED MOTIVATIONAL CONTEXT

Social Behavior and Personality, 2003

ABSTRACT This study examined the effects of the interaction between young male handball players&a... more ABSTRACT This study examined the effects of the interaction between young male handball players'goal orientations (13-15 years of age) and induced motivational context (individual vs. collective performance) on observed aggression. 10 handball games, 5 under each induced motivational context, were videotaped and observed on monitor by means of a grid allowing the distinction between instrumental and hostile aggression. The results indicated (a) significant effects of the Induced motivational context and the Motivational Profile; and (b) an interaction between Induced motivational context and Motivational Profile on observed instrumental aggression. In a collective performance-induced context, players classified as being strongly both task- and ego-goal oriented displayed more instrumental aggression compared with those classified as having strong task-goal orientation and low ego-goal orientation.

Research paper thumbnail of Aggression in Soccer: An Exploratory Study of Accounts Preference 3 4

Research paper thumbnail of REFEREES' DECISION MAKING ABOUT TRANSGRESSIONS: THE INFLUENCE OF PLAYER GENDER AT THE HIGHEST NATIONAL LEVEL

Prior research has found that referees are harsher toward sporting offenses in regional-level mat... more Prior research has found that referees are harsher toward sporting offenses in regional-level matches between women than in regional-level matches between men. We tested whether this bias also occurs at a higher, national level of competition, despite the greater pressures for objectivity and fairness at this level. Referees' decisions were examined in 15 national-level handball matches between women and 15 national-level handball matches between men after transgressions that varied in severity. The results suggest that referees made harsher decisions in female than in male matches. Although more research is needed, this study supported the hypothesis that referees may use the gender of players as a powerful judgmental heuristic for deciding how to respond to aggression.

Research paper thumbnail of Players’ Gender and Male Referees’ Decisions About Aggression in French Soccer: A Preliminary Study

Sex Roles, 2005

The aim of this study was to examine (a) aggression displayed by players and (b) referees’ decisi... more The aim of this study was to examine (a) aggression displayed by players and (b) referees’ decisions about these behaviors as a function of the gender of the players in French soccer. Twenty-six games (13 for women and 13 for men) were videotaped. Instrumental aggressive acts and referees’ decisions were then observed. The findings indicated a significant effect of gender on instrumental aggression and referees’ decisions related to these behaviors. Male players displayed more instrumental aggressive acts than female players did. Nevertheless, relative to the total number of aggressive acts displayed, referees penalized women more than men. Gender stereotypes might be a relevant explanation for these results, as soccer is generally perceived as a masculine-type sport, particularly in France, and aggression as a masculine characteristic.

Research paper thumbnail of Referees' Decision Making in Handball and Transgressive Behaviors: Influence of Stereotypes About Gender of Players

Sex Roles, 2004

The purpose of these studies was to examine gender's effect on transgressive behaviors and refere... more The purpose of these studies was to examine gender's effect on transgressive behaviors and referees' decisions during handball games (Study 1) and the potential influence of gender stereotypes about players on referees' decisions as regards these transgressive behaviors (Study 2). In Study 1, 20 games (10 women's games and 10 men's games) were videotaped and observed. The findings indicated that men displayed transgressive behaviors more than women and that referees penalized women more than men. In Study 2, 30 referees answered a set of questions after they watched an edited video showing similar situations of female and male players. The findings showed that the similar situations in the video were judged in a different way by the referees. Thus, female players were granted more penalties than were male players. Gender stereotypes could effectively influence decision making.

Research paper thumbnail of Persistence in a Putting Task During Perceived Failure: Influence of State-attributions and Attributional Style

Applied Psychology-an International Review-psychologie Appliquee-revue Internationale, 2006

Dans cette étude, on a examiné l'influence de l'état des attributions et le style attributionnel ... more Dans cette étude, on a examiné l'influence de l'état des attributions et le style attributionnel (AS) sur la persistance à court-terme d'un échec perçu à une tâche de putting. 101 élèves débutants en golf ont participé à cette recherche. Deux épreuves de 8 putts ont été interrompues chacune pendant trois minutes. Durant cette période, on a mesuré la persistance individuelle en comptant le nombre de fois que le sujet essayait de putter. L'analyse des résultats montre que le style attributionnel influence la persistance à court-terme contrairement à l'état des attributions. Les sujets ayant un AS "fort contrôle personnel" font montre de plus de persistance que ceux ayant un AS "faible contrôle personnel". Ces résultats confirment ceux obtenus lors de recherches antérieures sur les bénéfices motivationnels d'un style attributionnel "optimiste" dans des situations d'échec lors de la réalisation d'une tâche. Des attributions instables sont particulièrement bénéfiques aux sujets ayant un AS externe/incontrôlable. Ces derniers ont un niveau significativement plus élevé de persistance que les sujets ayant un AS externe/incontrôlable mais qui ont fait des attributions causales stables.

Research paper thumbnail of Attributional Retraining Alters Novice Golfers’ Free Practice Behavior

Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 2008

Research paper thumbnail of Attributional feedback-induced changes in functional and dysfunctional attributions, expectations of success, hopefulness, and short-term persistence in a novel sport

Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 2008

Objective: This experiment investigated the influence of functional and dysfunctional attribution... more Objective: This experiment investigated the influence of functional and dysfunctional attributional feedback on causal attributions, expectations of success, emotions, and short-term persistence during failure in a novel sport. Methods: Thirty novice golfers who made either dysfunctional or functional attributions for failure in a pre-test were randomly assigned to one of three intervention groups: (1) functional (i.e., internal, controllable, and unstable) attributional feedback; (2) dysfunctional (i.e., external, uncontrollable, and stable) attributional feedback; or (3) non-attributional feedback. Participants completed four test trials (all involving failure) consisting of six putts each. The feedback was administered after the second test trial. Results: Analysis of the pre-and post-intervention measures of attributions, expectations of success, affective reactions, and behavioral persistence revealed that the attributional feedback-induced changes related to the type of feedback. Functional attributional feedback produced improvements in causal attributions about failure, as well as in success expectations, hopefulness, and persistence after failure. In contrast, dysfunctional attributional feedback produced deterioration in causal attributions about failure, and lower success expectations, hopefulness, and persistence after failure. The effects of the attributional feedback overrode individuals' initial functional or dysfunctional attributions about failure; that is, improvement or deterioration depended on the type of feedback received rather than the initial attributions. ARTICLE IN PRESS www.elsevier.com/locate/psychsport 1469-0292/$ -see front matter r (D. Le Foll), olivier.rascle@uhb.fr (O. Rascle), nhiggins@stu.ca (N.C. Higgins).

Research paper thumbnail of AGGRESSION IN YOUTH HANDBALL: RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN GOAL ORIENTATIONS AND INDUCED MOTIVATIONAL CONTEXT

Social Behavior and Personality, 2003

ABSTRACT This study examined the effects of the interaction between young male handball players&a... more ABSTRACT This study examined the effects of the interaction between young male handball players'goal orientations (13-15 years of age) and induced motivational context (individual vs. collective performance) on observed aggression. 10 handball games, 5 under each induced motivational context, were videotaped and observed on monitor by means of a grid allowing the distinction between instrumental and hostile aggression. The results indicated (a) significant effects of the Induced motivational context and the Motivational Profile; and (b) an interaction between Induced motivational context and Motivational Profile on observed instrumental aggression. In a collective performance-induced context, players classified as being strongly both task- and ego-goal oriented displayed more instrumental aggression compared with those classified as having strong task-goal orientation and low ego-goal orientation.

Research paper thumbnail of Aggression in Soccer: An Exploratory Study of Accounts Preference 3 4

Research paper thumbnail of REFEREES' DECISION MAKING ABOUT TRANSGRESSIONS: THE INFLUENCE OF PLAYER GENDER AT THE HIGHEST NATIONAL LEVEL

Prior research has found that referees are harsher toward sporting offenses in regional-level mat... more Prior research has found that referees are harsher toward sporting offenses in regional-level matches between women than in regional-level matches between men. We tested whether this bias also occurs at a higher, national level of competition, despite the greater pressures for objectivity and fairness at this level. Referees' decisions were examined in 15 national-level handball matches between women and 15 national-level handball matches between men after transgressions that varied in severity. The results suggest that referees made harsher decisions in female than in male matches. Although more research is needed, this study supported the hypothesis that referees may use the gender of players as a powerful judgmental heuristic for deciding how to respond to aggression.

Research paper thumbnail of Players’ Gender and Male Referees’ Decisions About Aggression in French Soccer: A Preliminary Study

Sex Roles, 2005

The aim of this study was to examine (a) aggression displayed by players and (b) referees’ decisi... more The aim of this study was to examine (a) aggression displayed by players and (b) referees’ decisions about these behaviors as a function of the gender of the players in French soccer. Twenty-six games (13 for women and 13 for men) were videotaped. Instrumental aggressive acts and referees’ decisions were then observed. The findings indicated a significant effect of gender on instrumental aggression and referees’ decisions related to these behaviors. Male players displayed more instrumental aggressive acts than female players did. Nevertheless, relative to the total number of aggressive acts displayed, referees penalized women more than men. Gender stereotypes might be a relevant explanation for these results, as soccer is generally perceived as a masculine-type sport, particularly in France, and aggression as a masculine characteristic.

Research paper thumbnail of Referees' Decision Making in Handball and Transgressive Behaviors: Influence of Stereotypes About Gender of Players

Sex Roles, 2004

The purpose of these studies was to examine gender's effect on transgressive behaviors and refere... more The purpose of these studies was to examine gender's effect on transgressive behaviors and referees' decisions during handball games (Study 1) and the potential influence of gender stereotypes about players on referees' decisions as regards these transgressive behaviors (Study 2). In Study 1, 20 games (10 women's games and 10 men's games) were videotaped and observed. The findings indicated that men displayed transgressive behaviors more than women and that referees penalized women more than men. In Study 2, 30 referees answered a set of questions after they watched an edited video showing similar situations of female and male players. The findings showed that the similar situations in the video were judged in a different way by the referees. Thus, female players were granted more penalties than were male players. Gender stereotypes could effectively influence decision making.

Research paper thumbnail of Persistence in a Putting Task During Perceived Failure: Influence of State-attributions and Attributional Style

Applied Psychology-an International Review-psychologie Appliquee-revue Internationale, 2006

Dans cette étude, on a examiné l'influence de l'état des attributions et le style attributionnel ... more Dans cette étude, on a examiné l'influence de l'état des attributions et le style attributionnel (AS) sur la persistance à court-terme d'un échec perçu à une tâche de putting. 101 élèves débutants en golf ont participé à cette recherche. Deux épreuves de 8 putts ont été interrompues chacune pendant trois minutes. Durant cette période, on a mesuré la persistance individuelle en comptant le nombre de fois que le sujet essayait de putter. L'analyse des résultats montre que le style attributionnel influence la persistance à court-terme contrairement à l'état des attributions. Les sujets ayant un AS "fort contrôle personnel" font montre de plus de persistance que ceux ayant un AS "faible contrôle personnel". Ces résultats confirment ceux obtenus lors de recherches antérieures sur les bénéfices motivationnels d'un style attributionnel "optimiste" dans des situations d'échec lors de la réalisation d'une tâche. Des attributions instables sont particulièrement bénéfiques aux sujets ayant un AS externe/incontrôlable. Ces derniers ont un niveau significativement plus élevé de persistance que les sujets ayant un AS externe/incontrôlable mais qui ont fait des attributions causales stables.

Research paper thumbnail of Attributional Retraining Alters Novice Golfers’ Free Practice Behavior

Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 2008

Research paper thumbnail of Attributional feedback-induced changes in functional and dysfunctional attributions, expectations of success, hopefulness, and short-term persistence in a novel sport

Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 2008

Objective: This experiment investigated the influence of functional and dysfunctional attribution... more Objective: This experiment investigated the influence of functional and dysfunctional attributional feedback on causal attributions, expectations of success, emotions, and short-term persistence during failure in a novel sport. Methods: Thirty novice golfers who made either dysfunctional or functional attributions for failure in a pre-test were randomly assigned to one of three intervention groups: (1) functional (i.e., internal, controllable, and unstable) attributional feedback; (2) dysfunctional (i.e., external, uncontrollable, and stable) attributional feedback; or (3) non-attributional feedback. Participants completed four test trials (all involving failure) consisting of six putts each. The feedback was administered after the second test trial. Results: Analysis of the pre-and post-intervention measures of attributions, expectations of success, affective reactions, and behavioral persistence revealed that the attributional feedback-induced changes related to the type of feedback. Functional attributional feedback produced improvements in causal attributions about failure, as well as in success expectations, hopefulness, and persistence after failure. In contrast, dysfunctional attributional feedback produced deterioration in causal attributions about failure, and lower success expectations, hopefulness, and persistence after failure. The effects of the attributional feedback overrode individuals' initial functional or dysfunctional attributions about failure; that is, improvement or deterioration depended on the type of feedback received rather than the initial attributions. ARTICLE IN PRESS www.elsevier.com/locate/psychsport 1469-0292/$ -see front matter r (D. Le Foll), olivier.rascle@uhb.fr (O. Rascle), nhiggins@stu.ca (N.C. Higgins).