Salvador Balle | Universitat de les Illes Balears (original) (raw)
Papers by Salvador Balle
Journal of Animal Ecology, 2019
This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which... more This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Localized pulses in passively mode-locked semiconductor lasers
2016 Photonics North (PN), 2016
In this contribution we describe recent results on the generation and control of temporal localiz... more In this contribution we describe recent results on the generation and control of temporal localized structures in a passively mode-locked Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Laser mounted in an external cavity closed by a resonant saturable absorber mirror. When the cavity roundtrip is much larger than the medium timescales, this system exhibits a temporal aspect-ratio large enough to host pulses which can be individually addressed. These localized pulses have been proposed as information bits and the possibility of their manipulation opens interesting perspectives for information processing. We will show that a modulation of the pumping current leads to control the position and the speed of the localized pulses within the cavity. In addition to pin the pulses at well-defined positions, which enables clocking the bit flow, the pulses can be driven to collide one against the other, thus unveiling the purely repulsive mutual interaction.
Polarization properties of optically pumped VCSELs in a transverse magnetic field
Quantum and Semiclassical Optics: Journal of the European Optical Society Part B, 1998
It is shown that the polarization ellipticity of light emitted by a VCSEL, which is optically pum... more It is shown that the polarization ellipticity of light emitted by a VCSEL, which is optically pumped with circularly polarized light, depends significantly on the strength of the transverse magnetic field. This dependence can be used for a precise determination of the electron ...
Splitted-mode dynamics in 1-defect semiconductor ring laser
ABSTRACT
Intensity statistics and spatial correlation functions in a noise-driven unidirectional laser amplifier
Optics Communications, 1991
ABSTRACT
Pairing mechanism from dielectric response in high Tc superconductors
Journal of the Less Common Metals, 1990
ABSTRACT
2008 Ieee 21st International Semiconductor Laser Conference, 2008
We have experimentally and theoretically analyzed the modal properties of semiconductor ring lase... more We have experimentally and theoretically analyzed the modal properties of semiconductor ring lasers and the wavelength jumps that occur in connection with directional switching above threshold.
Ieee Photonics Journal, 2011
In this paper, we present an experimental and theoretical study of passive modelocking in semicon... more In this paper, we present an experimental and theoretical study of passive modelocking in semiconductor Fabry-Pé rot, quantum-well, lasers operating at around 1550 nm and producing picosecond pulses at a repetition frequency of 40 GHz. The different regimes that occur as the reverse bias voltage applied to the saturable absorber (SA) section or the bias current injected into the amplifier section are characterized both in the time and frequency/wavelength domains. Our results reveal that the lasers display spectral competition between the gain of the amplifier section and the absorption of the SA, with variations of the lasing wavelength up to 25 nm as the bias conditions are changed. These wavelength variations result from the thermal drift of the SA band-edge due to Joule heating by the generated photocurrent and from the competition between two possible lasing regions placed either at the amplifier gain peak or near the band-edge of the SA. The experimental observations are satisfactorily reproduced and explained in the framework of a Traveling Wave Model complemented by a time-domain description of the semiconductor susceptibility.
Bifurcation analysis of traveling wave models
2011 Numerical Simulation of Optoelectronic Devices, 2011
We present a general method allowing to perform a direct bifurcation diagram and to determine the... more We present a general method allowing to perform a direct bifurcation diagram and to determine the stability of the solutions of a Traveling wave model. We exemplify the cases of the two level atom and the semiconductor quantum well lasers. I. INTRODUCTION The Maxwell-Bloch equations governing the laser dynamics can be regarded as a singularly perturbed problem: the fast re-
Detection of a weak external signal via the switch-on-time statistics of a semiconductor laser
Physical Review A, 1993
ABSTRACT
Physica D: Nonlinear Phenomena, 1992
Pulsations which spontaneously break the cylindrical symmetry of a laser cavity geometry and the ... more Pulsations which spontaneously break the cylindrical symmetry of a laser cavity geometry and the simultaneous appearance of topological defects in the transverse intensity patterns lead from periodic and quasiperiodic behavior to chaos and turbulence. We study these phenomena by numerical integration of the Maxwell-Bloch equations for the transverse pattern of a single-longitudinal mode laser with spherical mirrors and cylindrically symmetric boundary conditions. The motion of the defects appears in the form of travelling waves in the angular direction. This motion reduces the correlation of the intensity fluctuations at spatially separated points. One and two defect patterns are periodic or quasiperiodic, respectively. More complex patterns involving many moving defects display both the loss of temporal correlation (chaos) and the loss of spatial correlation (turbulence). A key to the independent motion of the defects is the excitation of a sufficient number of higher order radial and angular modes.
Mode competition in a Fabry-Perot semiconductor laser: travelling wave model with asymmetric dynamical gain
Optics Communications, 1996
... Permissions & Reprints. Full length article. Mode competition in a Fabry-Perot se... more ... Permissions & Reprints. Full length article. Mode competition in a Fabry-Perot semiconductor laser: travelling wave model with asymmetric dynamical gain. M. Homar, S. Balle b , a and M. San Miguel b , a. ... Pll S00304018(96)002349 M. Homar et al. ...
Optics Communications, 2004
An experimental study of a broad-area vertical-cavity semiconductor optical amplifier in the 980 ... more An experimental study of a broad-area vertical-cavity semiconductor optical amplifier in the 980 nm wavelength range is reported. We show that the gain and the saturation power in such a device increase as the transverse dimension of the injected beam is increased. A gain of 16.3 dB with 0.8 nm optical bandwidth and saturation power of 1.4 mW has been obtained. The polarization sensitivity of the device is also studied. We show that birefringence in the cavity affects the polarization insensitivity expected in ideal devices as a consequence of the circular symmetry of the cavity. A brief study of the wavelength dependence of the output transverse profile is also reported.
Output Properties of Non-degenerate Parametric Amplifiers with Non-homogeneous Linear Losses
Journal of Modern Optics, 1991
The noise properties of non-degenerate parametric amplifiers with absorption losses which are dif... more The noise properties of non-degenerate parametric amplifiers with absorption losses which are different for the two beams are analysed by means of a semiclassical approach which enables the direct derivation of the Langevin equations for the optical fields from the quantum Heisenberg equations. Several statistical quantities are calculated and the implications of the present results for sub shot-noise absorption measurements are discussed finally.
IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 2013
We theoretically study all-optical simultaneous wavelength conversion of multiple channels by fou... more We theoretically study all-optical simultaneous wavelength conversion of multiple channels by four-wave mixing in semiconductor ring lasers. Locking the semiconductor ring laser to a holding beam allows us to achieve large conversion efficiencies with good signal-to-noise ratio in several channels at multi-Gb/s bit rates. Cross-talk between signals, arising from the peculiar four-wave mixing cascade of modes in semiconductor ring lasers and their cross-gain saturation, is studied in detail. We show that it can be controlled by adjusting the intensity of the holding beam, the bias current of the laser, and the number, intensity, and wavelength of signals that one wants to convert.
Applied Physics Letters, 2003
IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, 2015
We show experimentally and theoretically that localized pulses can be generated from an electrica... more We show experimentally and theoretically that localized pulses can be generated from an electrically biased 200 µm multi-transverse mode Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Laser. The device is passively mode-locked using optical feedback from a distant Resonant Saturable Absorber Mirror and it is operated below threshold. We observe multistability between the off solution and a large variety of pulsating solutions with different number and arrangements of pulses per round-trip, thus indicating that the mode-locked pulses are localized, i.e. mutually independent. We show that a modulation of the bias current allows controlling the number of the pulses travelling within the cavity, thus suggesting that our system can be operated as an arbitrary pattern generator of 10 ps pulses and 1 W peak power.
Variable-Waveguide Model for Gain-Guided Laser Arrays
Integrated Photonics Research, 1994
Phase-locked semiconductor laser arrays are attractive sources for applications requiring high ou... more Phase-locked semiconductor laser arrays are attractive sources for applications requiring high output powers in diffraction-limited beams [1]. Both gain-guided and index-guided devices have been reported, showing in all cases a limited range of stable operation [2]. The dynamics of index- guided structures have been successfully modeled [3], though there is a little amount of analysis on gain-guided arrays. In a previous work [4] a deterministic model relying on a variable-waveguide approach has been applied to gain-guided arrays, though in this model phase-sensitive interactions were not included. Nevertheless, it has been shown that phase-sensitive interactions strongly influences the dynamics of multimode semiconductor lasers [3],[5], though it is not clear yet how far the fluctuations induced by spontaneous emission noise affect the phase-sensitive interactions .
The optical and radio-frequency spectra of a monolithic master-oscillator power-amplifier emittin... more The optical and radio-frequency spectra of a monolithic master-oscillator power-amplifier emitting at 1.5 µm have been analyzed in a wide range of steady-state injection conditions. The analysis of the spectral maps reveals that, under low injection current of the master oscillator, the device operates in two essentially different operation modes depending on the current injected into the amplifier section. The regular operation mode with predominance of the master oscillator alternates with lasing of the compound cavity modes allowed by the residual reflectance of the amplifier front facet. The quasi-periodic occurrence of these two regimes as a function of the amplifier current has been consistently interpreted in terms of a thermally tuned competition between the modes of the master oscillator and the compound cavity modes.
Journal of Animal Ecology, 2019
This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which... more This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Localized pulses in passively mode-locked semiconductor lasers
2016 Photonics North (PN), 2016
In this contribution we describe recent results on the generation and control of temporal localiz... more In this contribution we describe recent results on the generation and control of temporal localized structures in a passively mode-locked Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Laser mounted in an external cavity closed by a resonant saturable absorber mirror. When the cavity roundtrip is much larger than the medium timescales, this system exhibits a temporal aspect-ratio large enough to host pulses which can be individually addressed. These localized pulses have been proposed as information bits and the possibility of their manipulation opens interesting perspectives for information processing. We will show that a modulation of the pumping current leads to control the position and the speed of the localized pulses within the cavity. In addition to pin the pulses at well-defined positions, which enables clocking the bit flow, the pulses can be driven to collide one against the other, thus unveiling the purely repulsive mutual interaction.
Polarization properties of optically pumped VCSELs in a transverse magnetic field
Quantum and Semiclassical Optics: Journal of the European Optical Society Part B, 1998
It is shown that the polarization ellipticity of light emitted by a VCSEL, which is optically pum... more It is shown that the polarization ellipticity of light emitted by a VCSEL, which is optically pumped with circularly polarized light, depends significantly on the strength of the transverse magnetic field. This dependence can be used for a precise determination of the electron ...
Splitted-mode dynamics in 1-defect semiconductor ring laser
ABSTRACT
Intensity statistics and spatial correlation functions in a noise-driven unidirectional laser amplifier
Optics Communications, 1991
ABSTRACT
Pairing mechanism from dielectric response in high Tc superconductors
Journal of the Less Common Metals, 1990
ABSTRACT
2008 Ieee 21st International Semiconductor Laser Conference, 2008
We have experimentally and theoretically analyzed the modal properties of semiconductor ring lase... more We have experimentally and theoretically analyzed the modal properties of semiconductor ring lasers and the wavelength jumps that occur in connection with directional switching above threshold.
Ieee Photonics Journal, 2011
In this paper, we present an experimental and theoretical study of passive modelocking in semicon... more In this paper, we present an experimental and theoretical study of passive modelocking in semiconductor Fabry-Pé rot, quantum-well, lasers operating at around 1550 nm and producing picosecond pulses at a repetition frequency of 40 GHz. The different regimes that occur as the reverse bias voltage applied to the saturable absorber (SA) section or the bias current injected into the amplifier section are characterized both in the time and frequency/wavelength domains. Our results reveal that the lasers display spectral competition between the gain of the amplifier section and the absorption of the SA, with variations of the lasing wavelength up to 25 nm as the bias conditions are changed. These wavelength variations result from the thermal drift of the SA band-edge due to Joule heating by the generated photocurrent and from the competition between two possible lasing regions placed either at the amplifier gain peak or near the band-edge of the SA. The experimental observations are satisfactorily reproduced and explained in the framework of a Traveling Wave Model complemented by a time-domain description of the semiconductor susceptibility.
Bifurcation analysis of traveling wave models
2011 Numerical Simulation of Optoelectronic Devices, 2011
We present a general method allowing to perform a direct bifurcation diagram and to determine the... more We present a general method allowing to perform a direct bifurcation diagram and to determine the stability of the solutions of a Traveling wave model. We exemplify the cases of the two level atom and the semiconductor quantum well lasers. I. INTRODUCTION The Maxwell-Bloch equations governing the laser dynamics can be regarded as a singularly perturbed problem: the fast re-
Detection of a weak external signal via the switch-on-time statistics of a semiconductor laser
Physical Review A, 1993
ABSTRACT
Physica D: Nonlinear Phenomena, 1992
Pulsations which spontaneously break the cylindrical symmetry of a laser cavity geometry and the ... more Pulsations which spontaneously break the cylindrical symmetry of a laser cavity geometry and the simultaneous appearance of topological defects in the transverse intensity patterns lead from periodic and quasiperiodic behavior to chaos and turbulence. We study these phenomena by numerical integration of the Maxwell-Bloch equations for the transverse pattern of a single-longitudinal mode laser with spherical mirrors and cylindrically symmetric boundary conditions. The motion of the defects appears in the form of travelling waves in the angular direction. This motion reduces the correlation of the intensity fluctuations at spatially separated points. One and two defect patterns are periodic or quasiperiodic, respectively. More complex patterns involving many moving defects display both the loss of temporal correlation (chaos) and the loss of spatial correlation (turbulence). A key to the independent motion of the defects is the excitation of a sufficient number of higher order radial and angular modes.
Mode competition in a Fabry-Perot semiconductor laser: travelling wave model with asymmetric dynamical gain
Optics Communications, 1996
... Permissions & Reprints. Full length article. Mode competition in a Fabry-Perot se... more ... Permissions & Reprints. Full length article. Mode competition in a Fabry-Perot semiconductor laser: travelling wave model with asymmetric dynamical gain. M. Homar, S. Balle b , a and M. San Miguel b , a. ... Pll S00304018(96)002349 M. Homar et al. ...
Optics Communications, 2004
An experimental study of a broad-area vertical-cavity semiconductor optical amplifier in the 980 ... more An experimental study of a broad-area vertical-cavity semiconductor optical amplifier in the 980 nm wavelength range is reported. We show that the gain and the saturation power in such a device increase as the transverse dimension of the injected beam is increased. A gain of 16.3 dB with 0.8 nm optical bandwidth and saturation power of 1.4 mW has been obtained. The polarization sensitivity of the device is also studied. We show that birefringence in the cavity affects the polarization insensitivity expected in ideal devices as a consequence of the circular symmetry of the cavity. A brief study of the wavelength dependence of the output transverse profile is also reported.
Output Properties of Non-degenerate Parametric Amplifiers with Non-homogeneous Linear Losses
Journal of Modern Optics, 1991
The noise properties of non-degenerate parametric amplifiers with absorption losses which are dif... more The noise properties of non-degenerate parametric amplifiers with absorption losses which are different for the two beams are analysed by means of a semiclassical approach which enables the direct derivation of the Langevin equations for the optical fields from the quantum Heisenberg equations. Several statistical quantities are calculated and the implications of the present results for sub shot-noise absorption measurements are discussed finally.
IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 2013
We theoretically study all-optical simultaneous wavelength conversion of multiple channels by fou... more We theoretically study all-optical simultaneous wavelength conversion of multiple channels by four-wave mixing in semiconductor ring lasers. Locking the semiconductor ring laser to a holding beam allows us to achieve large conversion efficiencies with good signal-to-noise ratio in several channels at multi-Gb/s bit rates. Cross-talk between signals, arising from the peculiar four-wave mixing cascade of modes in semiconductor ring lasers and their cross-gain saturation, is studied in detail. We show that it can be controlled by adjusting the intensity of the holding beam, the bias current of the laser, and the number, intensity, and wavelength of signals that one wants to convert.
Applied Physics Letters, 2003
IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, 2015
We show experimentally and theoretically that localized pulses can be generated from an electrica... more We show experimentally and theoretically that localized pulses can be generated from an electrically biased 200 µm multi-transverse mode Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Laser. The device is passively mode-locked using optical feedback from a distant Resonant Saturable Absorber Mirror and it is operated below threshold. We observe multistability between the off solution and a large variety of pulsating solutions with different number and arrangements of pulses per round-trip, thus indicating that the mode-locked pulses are localized, i.e. mutually independent. We show that a modulation of the bias current allows controlling the number of the pulses travelling within the cavity, thus suggesting that our system can be operated as an arbitrary pattern generator of 10 ps pulses and 1 W peak power.
Variable-Waveguide Model for Gain-Guided Laser Arrays
Integrated Photonics Research, 1994
Phase-locked semiconductor laser arrays are attractive sources for applications requiring high ou... more Phase-locked semiconductor laser arrays are attractive sources for applications requiring high output powers in diffraction-limited beams [1]. Both gain-guided and index-guided devices have been reported, showing in all cases a limited range of stable operation [2]. The dynamics of index- guided structures have been successfully modeled [3], though there is a little amount of analysis on gain-guided arrays. In a previous work [4] a deterministic model relying on a variable-waveguide approach has been applied to gain-guided arrays, though in this model phase-sensitive interactions were not included. Nevertheless, it has been shown that phase-sensitive interactions strongly influences the dynamics of multimode semiconductor lasers [3],[5], though it is not clear yet how far the fluctuations induced by spontaneous emission noise affect the phase-sensitive interactions .
The optical and radio-frequency spectra of a monolithic master-oscillator power-amplifier emittin... more The optical and radio-frequency spectra of a monolithic master-oscillator power-amplifier emitting at 1.5 µm have been analyzed in a wide range of steady-state injection conditions. The analysis of the spectral maps reveals that, under low injection current of the master oscillator, the device operates in two essentially different operation modes depending on the current injected into the amplifier section. The regular operation mode with predominance of the master oscillator alternates with lasing of the compound cavity modes allowed by the residual reflectance of the amplifier front facet. The quasi-periodic occurrence of these two regimes as a function of the amplifier current has been consistently interpreted in terms of a thermally tuned competition between the modes of the master oscillator and the compound cavity modes.