javier lozano | Universitat de les Illes Balears (original) (raw)

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Research paper thumbnail of Efficiency improvements and water policy in the balearic islands: a general equilibrium approach

We use an Applied General Equilibrium Model of the Balearic Islands to explore the impact of incr... more We use an Applied General Equilibrium Model of the Balearic Islands to explore the impact of increasing the technical e!ciency of water use in the tourism sector. We show that water e!ciency measures do not reduce eco-nomic pressures on water ecosystems. Consequently water ...

Research paper thumbnail of Quality standards versus taxation in a dynamic environmental model of a tourism economy

Environmental Modelling and Software, 2009

Research paper thumbnail of Environmental policy and long-term welfare in a tourism economy

Spanish Economic Review, 2008

A dynamic general equilibrium model of a small open economy specialized in producing tourism serv... more A dynamic general equilibrium model of a small open economy specialized in producing tourism services is presented. The tourism package is a bundle of attributes provided by firms, the government and the natural environment. Investment in accommodation increases the number of visitors but also congests public goods and reduces environmental quality. The model is used to determine the conditions for the existence of a long-term double dividend. These conditions depend on both the initial level of environmental quality and the responsiveness of the tourism price to marginal changes in environmental and accommodation quality and congestion of public goods.

Research paper thumbnail of THE ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF VOLUNTARY ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE OF FIRMS: A CRITICAL REVIEW

Journal of Economic Surveys, 2009

New trends in studies on the governance of natural assets include substantial consideration of th... more New trends in studies on the governance of natural assets include substantial consideration of the role of voluntary initiatives. A traditional economic view states that there is a trade-off between being green and being competitive. According to that view, no voluntary environmental action is expected to occur. To undertake an in-depth analysis of the scope for voluntary action, this paper reviews empirical literature that analyzes the relationship between manufacturing firms' environmental initiatives or performance and economic results. This review moves beyond the general test of the 'pay to be green' hypothesis, preferring instead to systematize empirical results in more specific research questions. Empirical findings of the reviewed literature generally support that there is no penalty for being green. In addition, the typology of firms, the methods utilized for implementing environmental initiatives, the intensity of abatement efforts and stockholders' valuation of green firms have all been shown to have a sizeable influence on the actual economic results of environmental action or management. Consequently, the findings of this paper challenge the traditional strategic theory that predicts widespread free-riding; it holds major implications for environmental policy-making and environmental business decisions.

Research paper thumbnail of Economic incentives for tourism firms to undertake voluntary environmental management

Tourism Management, 2009

The management of natural assets at tourism destinations has relied strongly on the traditional a... more The management of natural assets at tourism destinations has relied strongly on the traditional assumption that agents free ride. Tourism firms are expected to overuse resources for their private interest, and be subject to a trade-off between being green and being competitive. However, there are many examples of voluntary environmental actions undertaken by the tourism industry. The present paper reviews the literature on the economic consequences of voluntary environmental action taken by tourism firms and presents three challenges to the commonly held 'tragedy' expectations. These results suggest the viability of alternative environmental policymaking that takes potential voluntary action under consideration.

Research paper thumbnail of A dynamic approach to voluntary environmental contributions in tourism

Ecological Economics, 2009

In an evolutionary game-theoretical model of tourism firms that use an endogenous natural Common ... more In an evolutionary game-theoretical model of tourism firms that use an endogenous natural Common Pool Resource (CPR) we show that stable equilibria with voluntary environmental initiatives may coexist with other equilibria where voluntary abatement is absent. The basins of attraction of the equilibria are identified and a bifurcation analysis is carried out producing two results with policy implications. First, there is a highly non-linear relationship between the cost of abatement required to be green and the share of green firms. Second, increases in the number of the CPR's users will ultimately dissipate the incentives to make abatement beyond regulation.

Research paper thumbnail of Efficiency improvements and water policy in the balearic islands: a general equilibrium approach

We use an Applied General Equilibrium Model of the Balearic Islands to explore the impact of incr... more We use an Applied General Equilibrium Model of the Balearic Islands to explore the impact of increasing the technical e!ciency of water use in the tourism sector. We show that water e!ciency measures do not reduce eco-nomic pressures on water ecosystems. Consequently water ...

Research paper thumbnail of Quality standards versus taxation in a dynamic environmental model of a tourism economy

Environmental Modelling and Software, 2009

Research paper thumbnail of Environmental policy and long-term welfare in a tourism economy

Spanish Economic Review, 2008

A dynamic general equilibrium model of a small open economy specialized in producing tourism serv... more A dynamic general equilibrium model of a small open economy specialized in producing tourism services is presented. The tourism package is a bundle of attributes provided by firms, the government and the natural environment. Investment in accommodation increases the number of visitors but also congests public goods and reduces environmental quality. The model is used to determine the conditions for the existence of a long-term double dividend. These conditions depend on both the initial level of environmental quality and the responsiveness of the tourism price to marginal changes in environmental and accommodation quality and congestion of public goods.

Research paper thumbnail of THE ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF VOLUNTARY ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE OF FIRMS: A CRITICAL REVIEW

Journal of Economic Surveys, 2009

New trends in studies on the governance of natural assets include substantial consideration of th... more New trends in studies on the governance of natural assets include substantial consideration of the role of voluntary initiatives. A traditional economic view states that there is a trade-off between being green and being competitive. According to that view, no voluntary environmental action is expected to occur. To undertake an in-depth analysis of the scope for voluntary action, this paper reviews empirical literature that analyzes the relationship between manufacturing firms' environmental initiatives or performance and economic results. This review moves beyond the general test of the 'pay to be green' hypothesis, preferring instead to systematize empirical results in more specific research questions. Empirical findings of the reviewed literature generally support that there is no penalty for being green. In addition, the typology of firms, the methods utilized for implementing environmental initiatives, the intensity of abatement efforts and stockholders' valuation of green firms have all been shown to have a sizeable influence on the actual economic results of environmental action or management. Consequently, the findings of this paper challenge the traditional strategic theory that predicts widespread free-riding; it holds major implications for environmental policy-making and environmental business decisions.

Research paper thumbnail of Economic incentives for tourism firms to undertake voluntary environmental management

Tourism Management, 2009

The management of natural assets at tourism destinations has relied strongly on the traditional a... more The management of natural assets at tourism destinations has relied strongly on the traditional assumption that agents free ride. Tourism firms are expected to overuse resources for their private interest, and be subject to a trade-off between being green and being competitive. However, there are many examples of voluntary environmental actions undertaken by the tourism industry. The present paper reviews the literature on the economic consequences of voluntary environmental action taken by tourism firms and presents three challenges to the commonly held 'tragedy' expectations. These results suggest the viability of alternative environmental policymaking that takes potential voluntary action under consideration.

Research paper thumbnail of A dynamic approach to voluntary environmental contributions in tourism

Ecological Economics, 2009

In an evolutionary game-theoretical model of tourism firms that use an endogenous natural Common ... more In an evolutionary game-theoretical model of tourism firms that use an endogenous natural Common Pool Resource (CPR) we show that stable equilibria with voluntary environmental initiatives may coexist with other equilibria where voluntary abatement is absent. The basins of attraction of the equilibria are identified and a bifurcation analysis is carried out producing two results with policy implications. First, there is a highly non-linear relationship between the cost of abatement required to be green and the share of green firms. Second, increases in the number of the CPR's users will ultimately dissipate the incentives to make abatement beyond regulation.

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