Odd Havik | University of Bergen (original) (raw)

Papers by Odd Havik

Research paper thumbnail of Pretreatment patient characteristics related to the level and development of working alliance in long-term psychotherapy

Psychotherapy Research, 2009

Research paper thumbnail of Therapist characteristics influencing the quality of alliance in long-term psychotherapy

Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 2009

Research paper thumbnail of Rater Reliability in Evaluation of Essay and Oral Examinations

Pedagogisk Forskning, 1970

Research paper thumbnail of Love Yourself as a Person, Doubt Yourself as a Therapist?

Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 2015

There are reasons to suggest that the therapist effect lies at the intersection between psychothe... more There are reasons to suggest that the therapist effect lies at the intersection between psychotherapists' professional and personal functioning. The current study investigated if and how the interplay between therapists' (n = 70) professional self-reports (e.g., of their difficulties in practice in the form of 'professional self-doubt' and coping strategies when faced with difficulties) and presumably more global, personal self-concepts, not restricted to the professional treatment setting (i.e., the level of self-affiliation measured by the Structural Analysis of Social Behaviour (SASB) Intrex, Benjamin, ), relate to patient (n = 255) outcome in public outpatient care. Multilevel growth curve analyses were performed on patient interpersonal and symptomatic distress rated at pre-, post- and three times during follow-up to examine whether change in patient outcome was influenced by the interaction between their therapists' level of 'professional self-doubt' and self-affiliation as well as between their therapists' use of coping when faced with difficulties, and the interaction between type of coping strategies and self-affiliation. A significant interaction between therapist 'professional self-doubt' (PSD) and self-affiliation on change in interpersonal distress was observed. Therapists who reported higher PSD seemed to evoke more change if they also had a self-affiliative introject. Therapists' use of coping strategies also affected therapeutic outcome, but therapists' self-affiliation was not a moderator in the interplay between therapist coping and patient outcome. A tentative take-home message from this study could be: 'Love yourself as a person, doubt yourself as a therapist'. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The findings of this study suggest that the nature of therapists' self-concepts as a person and as a therapist influences their patients' change in psychotherapy. These self-concept states are presumably communicated through the therapists' in-session behaviour. The study noted that a combination of self-doubt as a therapist with a high degree of self-affiliation as a person is particularly fruitful, while the combination of little professional self-doubt and much positive self-affiliation is not. This finding, reflected in the study title, 'Love yourself as a person, doubt yourself as a therapist', indicates that exaggerated self-confidence does not create a healthy therapeutic attitude. Therapist way of coping with difficulties in practice seems to influence patient outcome. Constructive coping characterized by dealing actively with a clinical problem, in terms of exercising reflexive control, seeking consultation and problem-solving together with the patient seems to help patients while coping by avoiding the problem, withdrawing from therapeutic engagement or acting out one's frustrations in the therapeutic relationship is associated with less patient change.

Research paper thumbnail of Parents’ Prenatal Mental Health and Emotional, Behavioral and Social Development in Their Children

Child Psychiatry & Human Development, 2014

Research paper thumbnail of Self-assessment of health before and after a myocardial infarction

Social Science & Medicine, 1988

Research paper thumbnail of Dimensions of verbal denial in myocardial infarction: Correlates to 3 denial scales

Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 1986

Research paper thumbnail of Exploring Curiosity:A curiosity-exhibitionism inventory, and some empirical results

Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 1980

Research paper thumbnail of Knowledge and expectations: Perceived illness in myocardial infarction patients

Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 1987

Research paper thumbnail of Brief Dynamic Psychotherapy for Patients Presenting Physical Symptoms

Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 1988

Ten outpatients who complained of physical symptoms, without organic pathology, were treated with... more Ten outpatients who complained of physical symptoms, without organic pathology, were treated with brief dynamic psychotherapy. Outcome ratings were provided by independent assessors at the end of therapy and 2 years post treatment. Improvement criteria included symptoms, adaptive functioning, and specific internal predispositions. The results showed that most of the patients gained substantially from their therapy experiences. Change did not only occur with regard to psychological difficulties, but also in their particular physical symptoms. Therapy gains at termination were maintained, and had even increased, at follow-up. Clinical improvement was confirmed by psychological test findings. In several patients marked positive change was also observed in their general body response patterns.

Research paper thumbnail of Patterns of emotional reactions after a myocardial infarction

Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 1990

Research paper thumbnail of Mental Disorders and Problem Behavior in a Community Sample of Adults with Intellectual Disability: Three-Month Prevalence and Comorbidity

Journal of Mental Health Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 2008

Research paper thumbnail of TCO Symptoms as Markers of Violence in a Sample of Severely Violent Psychiatric Inpatients

International Journal of Forensic Mental Health, 2003

Research paper thumbnail of P03-339 - Accuracy of psychotropic medication in adults with intellectual disabilities

European Psychiatry, 2010

Research paper thumbnail of The Interrater Reliability of the Scale for the Prediction of Aggression and Dangerousness in Psychotic Patients (PAD)

Criminal Justice and Behavior, 1996

Research paper thumbnail of Limitations of Manualized Psychotherapy for Everyday Clinical Practice

Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 1996

Research paper thumbnail of Behavioral treatment of insomnia in older adults: an open clinical trial comparing two interventions

Behaviour Research and Therapy, 2003

Research paper thumbnail of A Feasibility study on Combining Internet-Based Cognitive Behaviour Therapy with Physical Exercise as Treatment for Panic Disorder-Treatment Protocol and Preliminary Results

Cognitive behaviour therapy, Jan 18, 2015

Internet-based cognitive behaviour therapy (ICBT) is a recommended, cost-effective and efficaciou... more Internet-based cognitive behaviour therapy (ICBT) is a recommended, cost-effective and efficacious treatment for panic disorder (PD). However, treatment effects in psychiatric settings indicate that a substantial proportion fail to achieve remission. Physical exercise improves symptoms in patients with PD, and acts through mechanisms that can augment the effect of ICBT. The feasibility of combining these two interventions has not previously been investigated, and this was the aim of this study. The intervention comprised guided ICBT combined with one weekly session of supervised and two weekly sessions of unsupervised physical exercise for a total of 12 weeks. Treatment rationale, procedures and protocols are presented together with preliminary results for four patients with PD who have currently finished treatment. Quantitative and qualitative results are reported on the feasibility of adhering to the treatments, treatment outcome as assessed by clinician rating and estimation of r...

Research paper thumbnail of Assessment of Affect Integration: Validation of the Affect Consciousness Construct

Journal of Personality Assessment, 2011

Research paper thumbnail of HPA AXIS RELATED GENES AND RESPONSE TO PSYCHOLOGICAL THERAPIES: GENETICS AND EPIGENETICS

Depression and Anxiety, 2015

Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis functioning has been implicated in the development of s... more Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis functioning has been implicated in the development of stress-related psychiatric diagnoses and response to adverse life experiences. This study aimed to investigate the association between genetic and epigenetics in HPA axis and response to cognitive behavior therapy (CBT). Children with anxiety disorders were recruited into the Genes for Treatment project (GxT, N = 1,152). Polymorphisms of FKBP5 and GR were analyzed for association with response to CBT. Percentage DNA methylation at the FKBP5 and GR promoter regions was measured before and after CBT in a subset (n = 98). Linear mixed effect models were used to investigate the relationship between genotype, DNA methylation, and change in primary anxiety disorder severity (treatment response). Treatment response was not associated with FKBP5 and GR polymorphisms, or pretreatment percentage DNA methylation. However, change in FKBP5 DNA methylation was nominally significantly associated with treatment response. Participants who demonstrated the greatest reduction in severity decreased in percentage DNA methylation during treatment, whereas those with little/no reduction in severity increased in percentage DNA methylation. This effect was driven by those with one or more FKBP5 risk alleles, with no association seen in those with no FKBP5 risk alleles. No significant association was found between GR methylation and response. Allele-specific change in FKBP5 methylation was associated with treatment response. This is the largest study to date investigating the role of HPA axis related genes in response to a psychological therapy. Furthermore, this is the first study to demonstrate that DNA methylation changes may be associated with response to psychological therapies in a genotype-dependent manner.

Research paper thumbnail of Pretreatment patient characteristics related to the level and development of working alliance in long-term psychotherapy

Psychotherapy Research, 2009

Research paper thumbnail of Therapist characteristics influencing the quality of alliance in long-term psychotherapy

Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 2009

Research paper thumbnail of Rater Reliability in Evaluation of Essay and Oral Examinations

Pedagogisk Forskning, 1970

Research paper thumbnail of Love Yourself as a Person, Doubt Yourself as a Therapist?

Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 2015

There are reasons to suggest that the therapist effect lies at the intersection between psychothe... more There are reasons to suggest that the therapist effect lies at the intersection between psychotherapists' professional and personal functioning. The current study investigated if and how the interplay between therapists' (n = 70) professional self-reports (e.g., of their difficulties in practice in the form of 'professional self-doubt' and coping strategies when faced with difficulties) and presumably more global, personal self-concepts, not restricted to the professional treatment setting (i.e., the level of self-affiliation measured by the Structural Analysis of Social Behaviour (SASB) Intrex, Benjamin, ), relate to patient (n = 255) outcome in public outpatient care. Multilevel growth curve analyses were performed on patient interpersonal and symptomatic distress rated at pre-, post- and three times during follow-up to examine whether change in patient outcome was influenced by the interaction between their therapists' level of 'professional self-doubt' and self-affiliation as well as between their therapists' use of coping when faced with difficulties, and the interaction between type of coping strategies and self-affiliation. A significant interaction between therapist 'professional self-doubt' (PSD) and self-affiliation on change in interpersonal distress was observed. Therapists who reported higher PSD seemed to evoke more change if they also had a self-affiliative introject. Therapists' use of coping strategies also affected therapeutic outcome, but therapists' self-affiliation was not a moderator in the interplay between therapist coping and patient outcome. A tentative take-home message from this study could be: 'Love yourself as a person, doubt yourself as a therapist'. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The findings of this study suggest that the nature of therapists' self-concepts as a person and as a therapist influences their patients' change in psychotherapy. These self-concept states are presumably communicated through the therapists' in-session behaviour. The study noted that a combination of self-doubt as a therapist with a high degree of self-affiliation as a person is particularly fruitful, while the combination of little professional self-doubt and much positive self-affiliation is not. This finding, reflected in the study title, 'Love yourself as a person, doubt yourself as a therapist', indicates that exaggerated self-confidence does not create a healthy therapeutic attitude. Therapist way of coping with difficulties in practice seems to influence patient outcome. Constructive coping characterized by dealing actively with a clinical problem, in terms of exercising reflexive control, seeking consultation and problem-solving together with the patient seems to help patients while coping by avoiding the problem, withdrawing from therapeutic engagement or acting out one's frustrations in the therapeutic relationship is associated with less patient change.

Research paper thumbnail of Parents’ Prenatal Mental Health and Emotional, Behavioral and Social Development in Their Children

Child Psychiatry & Human Development, 2014

Research paper thumbnail of Self-assessment of health before and after a myocardial infarction

Social Science & Medicine, 1988

Research paper thumbnail of Dimensions of verbal denial in myocardial infarction: Correlates to 3 denial scales

Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 1986

Research paper thumbnail of Exploring Curiosity:A curiosity-exhibitionism inventory, and some empirical results

Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 1980

Research paper thumbnail of Knowledge and expectations: Perceived illness in myocardial infarction patients

Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 1987

Research paper thumbnail of Brief Dynamic Psychotherapy for Patients Presenting Physical Symptoms

Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 1988

Ten outpatients who complained of physical symptoms, without organic pathology, were treated with... more Ten outpatients who complained of physical symptoms, without organic pathology, were treated with brief dynamic psychotherapy. Outcome ratings were provided by independent assessors at the end of therapy and 2 years post treatment. Improvement criteria included symptoms, adaptive functioning, and specific internal predispositions. The results showed that most of the patients gained substantially from their therapy experiences. Change did not only occur with regard to psychological difficulties, but also in their particular physical symptoms. Therapy gains at termination were maintained, and had even increased, at follow-up. Clinical improvement was confirmed by psychological test findings. In several patients marked positive change was also observed in their general body response patterns.

Research paper thumbnail of Patterns of emotional reactions after a myocardial infarction

Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 1990

Research paper thumbnail of Mental Disorders and Problem Behavior in a Community Sample of Adults with Intellectual Disability: Three-Month Prevalence and Comorbidity

Journal of Mental Health Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 2008

Research paper thumbnail of TCO Symptoms as Markers of Violence in a Sample of Severely Violent Psychiatric Inpatients

International Journal of Forensic Mental Health, 2003

Research paper thumbnail of P03-339 - Accuracy of psychotropic medication in adults with intellectual disabilities

European Psychiatry, 2010

Research paper thumbnail of The Interrater Reliability of the Scale for the Prediction of Aggression and Dangerousness in Psychotic Patients (PAD)

Criminal Justice and Behavior, 1996

Research paper thumbnail of Limitations of Manualized Psychotherapy for Everyday Clinical Practice

Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 1996

Research paper thumbnail of Behavioral treatment of insomnia in older adults: an open clinical trial comparing two interventions

Behaviour Research and Therapy, 2003

Research paper thumbnail of A Feasibility study on Combining Internet-Based Cognitive Behaviour Therapy with Physical Exercise as Treatment for Panic Disorder-Treatment Protocol and Preliminary Results

Cognitive behaviour therapy, Jan 18, 2015

Internet-based cognitive behaviour therapy (ICBT) is a recommended, cost-effective and efficaciou... more Internet-based cognitive behaviour therapy (ICBT) is a recommended, cost-effective and efficacious treatment for panic disorder (PD). However, treatment effects in psychiatric settings indicate that a substantial proportion fail to achieve remission. Physical exercise improves symptoms in patients with PD, and acts through mechanisms that can augment the effect of ICBT. The feasibility of combining these two interventions has not previously been investigated, and this was the aim of this study. The intervention comprised guided ICBT combined with one weekly session of supervised and two weekly sessions of unsupervised physical exercise for a total of 12 weeks. Treatment rationale, procedures and protocols are presented together with preliminary results for four patients with PD who have currently finished treatment. Quantitative and qualitative results are reported on the feasibility of adhering to the treatments, treatment outcome as assessed by clinician rating and estimation of r...

Research paper thumbnail of Assessment of Affect Integration: Validation of the Affect Consciousness Construct

Journal of Personality Assessment, 2011

Research paper thumbnail of HPA AXIS RELATED GENES AND RESPONSE TO PSYCHOLOGICAL THERAPIES: GENETICS AND EPIGENETICS

Depression and Anxiety, 2015

Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis functioning has been implicated in the development of s... more Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis functioning has been implicated in the development of stress-related psychiatric diagnoses and response to adverse life experiences. This study aimed to investigate the association between genetic and epigenetics in HPA axis and response to cognitive behavior therapy (CBT). Children with anxiety disorders were recruited into the Genes for Treatment project (GxT, N = 1,152). Polymorphisms of FKBP5 and GR were analyzed for association with response to CBT. Percentage DNA methylation at the FKBP5 and GR promoter regions was measured before and after CBT in a subset (n = 98). Linear mixed effect models were used to investigate the relationship between genotype, DNA methylation, and change in primary anxiety disorder severity (treatment response). Treatment response was not associated with FKBP5 and GR polymorphisms, or pretreatment percentage DNA methylation. However, change in FKBP5 DNA methylation was nominally significantly associated with treatment response. Participants who demonstrated the greatest reduction in severity decreased in percentage DNA methylation during treatment, whereas those with little/no reduction in severity increased in percentage DNA methylation. This effect was driven by those with one or more FKBP5 risk alleles, with no association seen in those with no FKBP5 risk alleles. No significant association was found between GR methylation and response. Allele-specific change in FKBP5 methylation was associated with treatment response. This is the largest study to date investigating the role of HPA axis related genes in response to a psychological therapy. Furthermore, this is the first study to demonstrate that DNA methylation changes may be associated with response to psychological therapies in a genotype-dependent manner.