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Research paper thumbnail of 55. An Efficient Sampling Design Method to Determine Task-Based Exposure Distribution

AIHce 1998, 1999

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Research paper thumbnail of 24-Hr Ambient and Residential Aerosol Characterization Using Automated Piezoelectric Cascade Impactors

This presentation was given at the 2002 American Industrial Hygiene Conference and Exhibition (AI... more This presentation was given at the 2002 American Industrial Hygiene Conference and Exhibition (AIHce) meeting in San Diego, CA

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Research paper thumbnail of 82. 24-HR Ambient and Residential Aerosol Characterization Using Automated Piezoelectric Cascade Impactors

AIHce 2002, 2002

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Research paper thumbnail of Method selection and difficulties associated with field sampling of airborne particulates

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Research paper thumbnail of Discussion on nozzle sampling bias

American Industrial Hygiene Association journal, 1976

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Research paper thumbnail of Visual Response to Dustiness

Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association, 1976

Dustiness is a visually perceived phenomenon. In this paper, results of a quantification experime... more Dustiness is a visually perceived phenomenon. In this paper, results of a quantification experiment for dustiness using a photometric method of measuring dust deposition and panel sampling techniques are reported. It was found that with maximum contrast a 0.2% effective area coverage (EAC) by dust can be perceived against a clean background. The minimum perceivable difference between varying gradations of shading was a change of 0.45% EAC. The results also revealed that a dust deposition level of 0.7% EAC was required before the object so covered was deemed unfit to use. A telephone survey indicated that the minimum tolerable interval between household dusting was every four days. Combination of the telephone survey information with the level of dust coverage found to be objectionable implies that a dustfall rate of less than 0.17% EAC/day would be tolerable for the population at large.

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Research paper thumbnail of 272. Diffusion and Sedimentation of 0.01 to 0.1 Micron Diameter Fibers

AIHce 1997 - Taking Responsibility...Building Tomorrow's Profession Papers, 1999

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Research paper thumbnail of 181. Combining Judgmental and Quantitative Exposure Reconstructions

AIHce 1998, 1999

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Research paper thumbnail of Environmental aspects of cadmium sulfide usage in solar energy conversion. Part I. Toxicological and environmental health considerations. A. Bibliography. Report on direct solar energy conversion for large scale terrestrial use

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Research paper thumbnail of Environmental aspects of cadmium sulfide usage in solar energy conversion. Part 1: Toxicological and environmental health considerations, a bibliography

The use of cadmium sulfide solar cells was proposed in order to solve a very pressing problem of ... more The use of cadmium sulfide solar cells was proposed in order to solve a very pressing problem of the energy needs of this civilization. Extensive studies to ensure that the introduction of this new technology will not create environmental problems detrimental to the health and well being of the society have been undertaken. Cadmium is known to be a toxic substance and ought to be treated with respect. It is necessary to investigate first the possible routes of introduction of cadmium to the environment due to the development of the proposed technology. If cadmium is to be used in solar cells to a great extent, the first problem arises in the procurement and manufacturing operations.

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Research paper thumbnail of Exposure estimation in four major epidemiologic studies in the acrylonitrile industry

Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health, 1998

The reconstruction of worker exposures has been the mainstay of modem industrial epidemiologic st... more The reconstruction of worker exposures has been the mainstay of modem industrial epidemiologic studies. In most cases, the researchers are faced with the difficult dilemma created by the scarcity of the exposure measurement data vis-à-vis the demands for refined quantification. The 4 industrial epidemiologic studies of workers exposed to acrylonitrile share many similarities to illustrate strengths and weaknesses of the current exposure reconstruction methodologies. The analysis of the reported exposure reconstruction methods and comparative analysis of some of the results suggest that there is a certain degree of conformity in the results of the exposure reconstruction processes in these 4 studies. At the same time, the same analysis invokes some questions with respect to the interpretation of the exposure reconstruction results.

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Research paper thumbnail of Chemical process based reconstruction of exposures for an epidemiological study. I. Theoretical and methodological issues.

Chemico-biological Interactions,, 2006

In the occupational hygiene component of occupational epidemiological studies, the goal is to ass... more In the occupational hygiene component of occupational epidemiological studies, the goal is to assign group average exposure levels that can be used to compute individual cumulative exposures. This task requires the availability of sufficient amounts of proper individual exposure level data. Typically, the required data are either sparse, completely lacking or happenstance data collected for purposes not suitable for the aims of the study. In the epidemiological study of mortality patterns among industrial workers exposed to chloroprene and other substances, we developed and used a process analysis and modeling based exposure reconstruction to augment, extrapolate, or interpolate the available exposure data. The models developed utilize equations based on the engineering principles and chemistry associated with the processes as determined from the process documentation and task performance habits as determined from interviews of knowledgeable personnel. The resulting equations are tractable and provide a general basis for calculating exposure levels for vapors. The validation of the results with available exposure measurements suggests that comprehensive process analysis and modeling may be used to reconstruct exposures or to evaluate exposure potential with scientifically defensible methods. Furthermore, even in the absence of validating data, the methodology developed has potentially very useful applications in predicting exposure levels to newly synthesized substances. Properly interpreted, the limitations of modelling can be minimized to obtain scientifically reasonable results.

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Research paper thumbnail of Exposure estimation in four major epidemiologic studies in the acrylonitrile industry.

Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health, 01 Jan 1998, 24 , 1998

Esmen NA1 Author information Suppl 2:63-70 PMID: 9714514 Review Share this article Share with ... more Esmen NA1
Author information
Suppl 2:63-70
PMID: 9714514
Review

Share this article Share with emailShare with twitterShare with linkedinShare with facebook
Abstract
The reconstruction of worker exposures has been the mainstay of modem industrial epidemiologic studies. In most cases, the researchers are faced with the difficult dilemma created by the scarcity of the exposure measurement data vis-à-vis the demands for refined quantification. The 4 industrial epidemiologic studies of workers exposed to acrylonitrile share many similarities to illustrate strengths and weaknesses of the current exposure reconstruction methodologies. The analysis of the reported exposure reconstruction methods and comparative analysis of some of the results suggest that there is a certain degree of conformity in the results of the exposure reconstruction processes in these 4 studies. At the same time, the same analysis invokes some questions with respect to the interpretation of the exposure reconstruction results

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Research paper thumbnail of Human occupational and nonoccupational exposure to fibers

Environmental Health Perspectives, 1990

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Research paper thumbnail of Visual Response to Dustiness - Roger P. Hancock, Nurtan A. Esmen & Conan P. Furber

Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association, 1976

Dustiness is a visually perceived phenomenon. In this paper, results of a quantification experime... more Dustiness is a visually perceived phenomenon. In this paper, results of a quantification experiment for dustiness using a photometric method of measuring dust deposition and panel sampling techniques are reported. It was found that with maximum contrast a
0.2% effective area coverage (EAC) by dust can be perceived
against a clean background. The minimum perceivable difference
between varying gradations of shading was a change of 0.45%
EAC. The results also revealed that a dust deposition level of
0.7% EAC was required before the object so covered was
deemed unfit to use. A telephone survey indicated that the minimum tolerable interval between household dusting was every four
days. Combination of the telephone survey information with the
level of dust coverage found to be objectionable implies that a
dustfall rate of less than 0.17% EAC/day would be tolerable for
the population at large.

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Research paper thumbnail of Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association

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Research paper thumbnail of Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association

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Research paper thumbnail of Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association

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Research paper thumbnail of # 2004 British Occupational Hygiene Society Published by Oxford University Press doi:10.1093/annhyg/meh072 Evaluation of an Artificial Intelligence Program for Estimating Occupational Exposures

developed by UK’s Health and Safety Executive to assess exposure. EASE computes estimated airborn... more developed by UK’s Health and Safety Executive to assess exposure. EASE computes estimated airborne concentrations based on a substance’s vapor pressure and the types of controls in the work area. Though EASE is intended only to make broad predictions of exposure from occupa-tional environments, some occupational hygienists might attempt to use EASE for individual exposure characterizations. This study investigated whether EASE would accurately predict actual sampling results from a chemical manufacturing process. Personal breathing zone time-weighted average (TWA) monitoring data for two volatile organic chemicals—a common solvent (toluene) and a specialty monomer (chloroprene)—present in this manufacturing process were compared to EASE-generated estimates. EASE-estimated concentrations for specific tasks were weighted by task durations reported in the monitoring record to yield TWA estimates from EASE that could be directly compared to the measured TWA data. Two hundred and six chl...

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Research paper thumbnail of Mathematical Basis for an Efficient Sampling Strategy

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of 55. An Efficient Sampling Design Method to Determine Task-Based Exposure Distribution

AIHce 1998, 1999

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of 24-Hr Ambient and Residential Aerosol Characterization Using Automated Piezoelectric Cascade Impactors

This presentation was given at the 2002 American Industrial Hygiene Conference and Exhibition (AI... more This presentation was given at the 2002 American Industrial Hygiene Conference and Exhibition (AIHce) meeting in San Diego, CA

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of 82. 24-HR Ambient and Residential Aerosol Characterization Using Automated Piezoelectric Cascade Impactors

AIHce 2002, 2002

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Method selection and difficulties associated with field sampling of airborne particulates

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Discussion on nozzle sampling bias

American Industrial Hygiene Association journal, 1976

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Visual Response to Dustiness

Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association, 1976

Dustiness is a visually perceived phenomenon. In this paper, results of a quantification experime... more Dustiness is a visually perceived phenomenon. In this paper, results of a quantification experiment for dustiness using a photometric method of measuring dust deposition and panel sampling techniques are reported. It was found that with maximum contrast a 0.2% effective area coverage (EAC) by dust can be perceived against a clean background. The minimum perceivable difference between varying gradations of shading was a change of 0.45% EAC. The results also revealed that a dust deposition level of 0.7% EAC was required before the object so covered was deemed unfit to use. A telephone survey indicated that the minimum tolerable interval between household dusting was every four days. Combination of the telephone survey information with the level of dust coverage found to be objectionable implies that a dustfall rate of less than 0.17% EAC/day would be tolerable for the population at large.

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of 272. Diffusion and Sedimentation of 0.01 to 0.1 Micron Diameter Fibers

AIHce 1997 - Taking Responsibility...Building Tomorrow's Profession Papers, 1999

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of 181. Combining Judgmental and Quantitative Exposure Reconstructions

AIHce 1998, 1999

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Environmental aspects of cadmium sulfide usage in solar energy conversion. Part I. Toxicological and environmental health considerations. A. Bibliography. Report on direct solar energy conversion for large scale terrestrial use

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Environmental aspects of cadmium sulfide usage in solar energy conversion. Part 1: Toxicological and environmental health considerations, a bibliography

The use of cadmium sulfide solar cells was proposed in order to solve a very pressing problem of ... more The use of cadmium sulfide solar cells was proposed in order to solve a very pressing problem of the energy needs of this civilization. Extensive studies to ensure that the introduction of this new technology will not create environmental problems detrimental to the health and well being of the society have been undertaken. Cadmium is known to be a toxic substance and ought to be treated with respect. It is necessary to investigate first the possible routes of introduction of cadmium to the environment due to the development of the proposed technology. If cadmium is to be used in solar cells to a great extent, the first problem arises in the procurement and manufacturing operations.

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Exposure estimation in four major epidemiologic studies in the acrylonitrile industry

Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health, 1998

The reconstruction of worker exposures has been the mainstay of modem industrial epidemiologic st... more The reconstruction of worker exposures has been the mainstay of modem industrial epidemiologic studies. In most cases, the researchers are faced with the difficult dilemma created by the scarcity of the exposure measurement data vis-à-vis the demands for refined quantification. The 4 industrial epidemiologic studies of workers exposed to acrylonitrile share many similarities to illustrate strengths and weaknesses of the current exposure reconstruction methodologies. The analysis of the reported exposure reconstruction methods and comparative analysis of some of the results suggest that there is a certain degree of conformity in the results of the exposure reconstruction processes in these 4 studies. At the same time, the same analysis invokes some questions with respect to the interpretation of the exposure reconstruction results.

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Chemical process based reconstruction of exposures for an epidemiological study. I. Theoretical and methodological issues.

Chemico-biological Interactions,, 2006

In the occupational hygiene component of occupational epidemiological studies, the goal is to ass... more In the occupational hygiene component of occupational epidemiological studies, the goal is to assign group average exposure levels that can be used to compute individual cumulative exposures. This task requires the availability of sufficient amounts of proper individual exposure level data. Typically, the required data are either sparse, completely lacking or happenstance data collected for purposes not suitable for the aims of the study. In the epidemiological study of mortality patterns among industrial workers exposed to chloroprene and other substances, we developed and used a process analysis and modeling based exposure reconstruction to augment, extrapolate, or interpolate the available exposure data. The models developed utilize equations based on the engineering principles and chemistry associated with the processes as determined from the process documentation and task performance habits as determined from interviews of knowledgeable personnel. The resulting equations are tractable and provide a general basis for calculating exposure levels for vapors. The validation of the results with available exposure measurements suggests that comprehensive process analysis and modeling may be used to reconstruct exposures or to evaluate exposure potential with scientifically defensible methods. Furthermore, even in the absence of validating data, the methodology developed has potentially very useful applications in predicting exposure levels to newly synthesized substances. Properly interpreted, the limitations of modelling can be minimized to obtain scientifically reasonable results.

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Exposure estimation in four major epidemiologic studies in the acrylonitrile industry.

Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health, 01 Jan 1998, 24 , 1998

Esmen NA1 Author information Suppl 2:63-70 PMID: 9714514 Review Share this article Share with ... more Esmen NA1
Author information
Suppl 2:63-70
PMID: 9714514
Review

Share this article Share with emailShare with twitterShare with linkedinShare with facebook
Abstract
The reconstruction of worker exposures has been the mainstay of modem industrial epidemiologic studies. In most cases, the researchers are faced with the difficult dilemma created by the scarcity of the exposure measurement data vis-à-vis the demands for refined quantification. The 4 industrial epidemiologic studies of workers exposed to acrylonitrile share many similarities to illustrate strengths and weaknesses of the current exposure reconstruction methodologies. The analysis of the reported exposure reconstruction methods and comparative analysis of some of the results suggest that there is a certain degree of conformity in the results of the exposure reconstruction processes in these 4 studies. At the same time, the same analysis invokes some questions with respect to the interpretation of the exposure reconstruction results

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Human occupational and nonoccupational exposure to fibers

Environmental Health Perspectives, 1990

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Visual Response to Dustiness - Roger P. Hancock, Nurtan A. Esmen & Conan P. Furber

Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association, 1976

Dustiness is a visually perceived phenomenon. In this paper, results of a quantification experime... more Dustiness is a visually perceived phenomenon. In this paper, results of a quantification experiment for dustiness using a photometric method of measuring dust deposition and panel sampling techniques are reported. It was found that with maximum contrast a
0.2% effective area coverage (EAC) by dust can be perceived
against a clean background. The minimum perceivable difference
between varying gradations of shading was a change of 0.45%
EAC. The results also revealed that a dust deposition level of
0.7% EAC was required before the object so covered was
deemed unfit to use. A telephone survey indicated that the minimum tolerable interval between household dusting was every four
days. Combination of the telephone survey information with the
level of dust coverage found to be objectionable implies that a
dustfall rate of less than 0.17% EAC/day would be tolerable for
the population at large.

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of # 2004 British Occupational Hygiene Society Published by Oxford University Press doi:10.1093/annhyg/meh072 Evaluation of an Artificial Intelligence Program for Estimating Occupational Exposures

developed by UK’s Health and Safety Executive to assess exposure. EASE computes estimated airborn... more developed by UK’s Health and Safety Executive to assess exposure. EASE computes estimated airborne concentrations based on a substance’s vapor pressure and the types of controls in the work area. Though EASE is intended only to make broad predictions of exposure from occupa-tional environments, some occupational hygienists might attempt to use EASE for individual exposure characterizations. This study investigated whether EASE would accurately predict actual sampling results from a chemical manufacturing process. Personal breathing zone time-weighted average (TWA) monitoring data for two volatile organic chemicals—a common solvent (toluene) and a specialty monomer (chloroprene)—present in this manufacturing process were compared to EASE-generated estimates. EASE-estimated concentrations for specific tasks were weighted by task durations reported in the monitoring record to yield TWA estimates from EASE that could be directly compared to the measured TWA data. Two hundred and six chl...

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Mathematical Basis for an Efficient Sampling Strategy

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact