Rudy Syah Putra | Islamic University of Indonesia (original) (raw)
Uploads
Papers by Rudy Syah Putra
Advanced Materials Research
This study was aimed at investigating the effect of electro-assisted and double aeration (EAPR-DA... more This study was aimed at investigating the effect of electro-assisted and double aeration (EAPR-DA) system to enhance the lead removal in water and uptake by Pakcoy (Brassica rapa subsp. Chinensis). Variable regimes were created by 2 V of constant DC voltage using 2D stainless steel cathode-pot and Ti anode electrode, and aeration level of 10 L/min. The effectiveness of EAPR-DA, EAPR, phyto-aeration, and phytoremediation on the treatment was compared and evaluated by measuring the decrease of lead concentration in the water and accumulated in the plant using flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. Plant stress was evaluated by phytomorphology changed and measurement chlorophyll content using UV-Vis Spectroscopy after the acetone extraction. The results showed that the EAPR-DA system using Pakcoy has a great ability to decrease the lead concentration in water compared with the EAPR, phyto-aeration, and phytoremediation. The removal ability in each reactor was 82.5%, 78.75%, 72.5%, and 6...
MATEC Web of Conferences
Biomass oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) is a sustainable source for hydrogen production. OPEFB... more Biomass oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) is a sustainable source for hydrogen production. OPEFB and FeCl3.6H2O oxidizers (0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4 mol) were refluxed at 90-98 ° C for 5 hours. The acquired aliquot was used to produce H2 with variation of storage time (fresh aliquot and old aliquot). The production of H2 was carried out by electrolysis method where the aliquot was diluted by ratio of 1:10. The electrolysis was carried out using two electrodes as anode (titanium) and cathode (stainless steel) with DC current voltage 15 V. The principle of gas mass transfer in the vessel following Bernoulli's principle was used to calculate the volume of H2 formed. The change of current by formation of H2 were used to calculate the volume of H2 following Faraday’s law. The results showed that the storage time of the solution affects the production time of H2. The oxidizer concentration has no effect on the H2 production in the fresh solution but has effect on the old solution. The be...
![Research paper thumbnail of Remediation of lead (Pb) and copper (Cu) using water hyacinth [Eichornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms] with electro-assisted phytoremediation (EAPR](https://attachments.academia-assets.com/46933758/thumbnails/1.jpg)
](The research aimed to evaluate of lead (Pb) and copper (Cu) absorption using water hyacinth [Eich... more The research aimed to evaluate of lead (Pb) and copper (Cu) absorption using water hyacinth [Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms] with the enhancement by the EAPR (electro˗assisted phytoremediation) method. Lead (Pb) and copper (Cu) was used in this research as a heavy metal model which was remediated for 7 d of wastewater treatment. The
application of designed pot˗cathode in 2D of electrode configuration was also evaluated for EAPR process. Heavy metal concentration of the plant tissues was measured by flame˗AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrometry). Plant stress was evaluated through chlorophyll concentration. The results showed that the absorption of Pb by water hyacinth on the basis of EAPR process was much lower than that in the phytoremediation due to high precipitation of lead metal in the aquatic
plume during the electromigration process. While on the similar process, the absorption of Cu was very high in the plant root. The plants grown under the EAPR system did not show any significantly low of chlorophyll concentration, suggesting higher tolerance of the plant to the heavy metal concentration. Therefore, the plants, even though under stress condition, were still able to maintain a relatively normal level of photosynthetic pigments.
— The combined use of electrocoagulation using aluminum electrodes and EAPR process using water h... more — The combined use of electrocoagulation using aluminum electrodes and EAPR process using water hyacinth (Eichornia crassipes), hereinafter referred as ECOPHY on the wastewater treatment of chemical laboratory had been evaluated. The purpose of electrocoagulation process in this study was to reduce organic content; meanwhile the EAPR process was to reduce heavy metal concentration in the wastewater as well. The effectiveness of ECOPHY process on the wastewater treatment was evaluated using COD, BOD, and heavy metal (Pb, Cu) concentration, respectively. Trace concentration of heavy metal in the effluent of discharged water was also monitored using common carb (Cyprinus carpio L.). The result showed that the ECOPHY process could reduce 43.4 – 86.8%, 32.4 – 80.8%, 24.9 – 88.1% and 39.0 – 78.0% removal efficiencies respectively for COD, BOD, Pb and Cu in the 12 h of ECOPHY process. Those concentrations were met the water quality standard of class IV according to government regulation No. 82/2001 regarding the water quality management and water pollution control of the Republic of Indonesia.
Agar matrix was artificially contaminated with caesium and subjected to rapid assessment of elect... more Agar matrix was artificially contaminated with caesium and subjected to rapid assessment of electrokinetic treatment on the basis of the 2D electrode configuration. The effect of caesium concentration on the process was investigated using different electrode configuration (i.e. rectangular, hexagonal and triangular). During treatment the in situ pH distribution, the current flow, and the potential distribution were monitored. At the end of the treatment, the caesium concentration distribution was measured. The results of these experiments showed that for caesium contamination, pH control is essential in order to create a suitable environment throughout the agar matrix to enable contaminant removal. It was found that the type of electrode configuration used to control the pH affected the rate of caesium accumulation. All of the electrode configurations tested was effective, but the highest caesium extraction was achieved when the hexagonal pattern was used to control the pH. After 72 h of treatment at 50 mA, the concentration of caesium decreased gradually from the second and first layer of agar matrix throughout the cell, suggesting that most of the caesium was concentrated on the cathode part.
Many low-cost feedstock i.e. used-cooking oil (UCO) for the production of biodiesel fuel (BDF) ha... more Many low-cost feedstock i.e. used-cooking oil (UCO) for the production of biodiesel fuel (BDF) has contained a large amount of water and high proportion of free fatty acids (FFAs). Therefore, a pre-treatment process to reduce the water content (<0.1 wt.%) and FFAs (<2.0 wt.%) were necessary in order to avoid an undesirable side reactions, such as saponification, which could lead to serious problem of product separation and low fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) yield.. In this study, a pre-treatment process of used cooking oil as a feedstock for the production of BDF by using various adsorbents such as Activated Carbon (AC) and various clay minerals, for example Smectite (S), Bentonite (B), Kaolinite (K), and Powdered Earthenware (PE) were evaluated. The oil obtained from pre-treatment was compared with oil without pre-treatment process. In this study, we reported a basic difference in material ability to the oil, depending on the adsorption condition with respect to the physico-chemical parameters, e.g. refractive index (R), density (ρ), FFAs, and water content (W). The results showed that the water content and FFAs in the oil has decreased when using AC as an adsorbent compared with clay minerals. However, the refractive index of oil has similar with the oil without pre-treatment process as well; meanwhile, the density of oil has increased after the pre-treatment process by using clay minerals.
The conversion of methyl ester (ME) from used frying oil with a basic heterogeneous catalyst chit... more The conversion of methyl ester (ME) from used frying oil with a basic heterogeneous catalyst chitosan by using electrolytic process had been investigated. ME yield was evaluated by using non-polar and polar of co-solvent type (i.e. Tween 80 and THF). The evaluation of the process was followed by GC-MS to determine the ME. The results show that the conversion of ME from used frying oil was obtained for 34.2 % in 4 h electrolytic process with 10 wt.% chitosan and non-polar of co-solvent, Tween 80. In the similar process, the ME yield was as high as 47.7 % when the electrolytic was proceeded in polar of co-solvent (i.e. THF). However, when the electrolytic process was applied without use of co-solvent, the conversion of ME increased up to 59.1 %. These results can be attributed to the enhancement of high electrical conductivity in the solution containing such as organocatalyst chitosan and polar co-solvent in the electrolytic process.
Minyak nabati (red. Minyak jelantah) merupakan sumber bahan baku yang menjanjikan bagi proses pro... more Minyak nabati (red. Minyak jelantah) merupakan sumber bahan baku yang menjanjikan bagi proses produksi biodiesel karena bersifat renewable, dapat diproduksi dalam skala besar dan ramah lingkungan [1]. Upaya untuk memproduksi biodiesel dari bahan baku minyak jelantah merupakan langkah cerdas yang memberikan tiga keuntungan sekaligus yaitu: nilainya yang ekonomis, menjadi solusi penanganan limbah minyak goreng, dan menghasilkan produk biodiesel yang ramah lingkungan. Proses konversi metil ester (ME) yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini dengan metode gabungan proses elektrolisis dan katalis basa heterogen, kitosan. Metode ini selain dapat mengurangi kandungan air dalam bahan baku minyak, juga tidak membutuhkan suhu tinggi karena dilakukan pada suhu kamar [2].Transfer elektron dalam proses ini secara tidak langsung telah mengkatalisis proses esterifikasi dan transesterifikasi minyak jelantah secara bersamaan. PENDAHULUAN HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN Gb.2A menunjukkan hasil ME sebesar 34,2 % deng...
The combination used electro-assisted system and hydroponic phytoremediation which is referred la... more The combination used electro-assisted system and hydroponic phytoremediation which is referred later on as hydroponic EAPR system for rapid removal of Pb2+ and Cu2+ from contaminated water has been demonstrated in a laboratory-scale experiment. A hydroponic setting was used to evaluate the potential rapid removal and uptake of lead and copper concentration by water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes). The effectiveness of two-dimensional (2D) of cathode-pot electrode was introduced in this study. The results obtained from hydroponic EAPR system were compared with the plants exposed in the contaminated lead and copper water by using phytoremediation for 7 d process. Our finding showed that the accumulation of lead and copper were high in the plant roots. Analysis of chlorophyll content in treated plant with high lead concentration for EAPR system has showed that water lettuce could cope with lead and copper stress. The overall metal uptake in plant system was higher under EAPR system than th...
Procedia Chemistry, 2015
ABSTRACT The combination used electro-assisted system and hydroponic phytoremediation which is he... more ABSTRACT The combination used electro-assisted system and hydroponic phytoremediation which is hereinafter referred as hydroponic EAPR system for rapid removal of Pb2+ and Cu2+ from contaminated water which has been demonstrated in a laboratory-scale experiment. A hydroponic setting was used to evaluate the potential rapid removal and uptake of lead and copper concentration by water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes Linn.). The effectiveness of two-dimensional (2D) of cathode-pot electrode was introduced in this study. The results obtained from hydroponic EAPR system were compared with the plants exposed in the contaminated lead and copper water by using phytoremediation for 7 d process. The results showed that the accumulation of lead and copper were high in the plant roots. Analysis of chlorophyll content in treated plant with high lead concentration for EAPR system has showed that water lettuce could cope with lead and copper stress. The overall metal uptake in plant system was higher under EAPR system than one compared with phytoremediation process.
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development (IJRED), 2014
Separation and Purification Technology, 2013
Separation and Purification Technology, 2011
The usefulness of the combined electrokinetic (EK) remediation with aluminum drinking water treat... more The usefulness of the combined electrokinetic (EK) remediation with aluminum drinking water treatment residuals (Al-WTRs) as an entrapping zone (EZ) for removal of lead ion from artificially contaminated soil was demonstrated. Laboratory experiments were performed with variable conditions including (i) type of Al-WTRs materials and the application of Al-WTRs as an EZ system during the EK processing, (ii) pH and (iii) position of EZ in the soil cell. The potential of aluminum leachability from Al-WTRs as the result of EK process was also discussed. The results show that the lead ions in the contaminated soil were transferred into the EZ by EK process and immobilized by adsorption sites on polymeric aluminum residual in the Al-WTRs. These residual compounds contained lead, which were not dissolved by diluted organic acid (0.1 M acetate buffer), were retained in the EZ and accumulated there. After 72 h of the electrokinetic process, the total amount of lead in the EZ was much higher than the initial lead concentration in the contaminated soil.► Combined electrokinetic (EK) remediation with aluminum drinking water treatment residuals (Al-WTRs) as an entrapping zone (EZ) for removal of lead ion from kaolinite clay soil. ► Lead ions in the contaminated kaolinite clay were transferred into the EZ by EK process and immobilized by the adsorption sites on the Al-WTRs. ► A relatively high lead ions entrapping in EK/EZ system was achieved by using Miyamachi sludge as than that by Nishino sludge. ► Installed Al-WTRs materials in the EK/EZ system was safe under the base condition, e.g. near the cathode side, where the leaching aluminum concentration was ca. 0.02 mg/g.
Advanced Materials Research
This study was aimed at investigating the effect of electro-assisted and double aeration (EAPR-DA... more This study was aimed at investigating the effect of electro-assisted and double aeration (EAPR-DA) system to enhance the lead removal in water and uptake by Pakcoy (Brassica rapa subsp. Chinensis). Variable regimes were created by 2 V of constant DC voltage using 2D stainless steel cathode-pot and Ti anode electrode, and aeration level of 10 L/min. The effectiveness of EAPR-DA, EAPR, phyto-aeration, and phytoremediation on the treatment was compared and evaluated by measuring the decrease of lead concentration in the water and accumulated in the plant using flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. Plant stress was evaluated by phytomorphology changed and measurement chlorophyll content using UV-Vis Spectroscopy after the acetone extraction. The results showed that the EAPR-DA system using Pakcoy has a great ability to decrease the lead concentration in water compared with the EAPR, phyto-aeration, and phytoremediation. The removal ability in each reactor was 82.5%, 78.75%, 72.5%, and 6...
MATEC Web of Conferences
Biomass oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) is a sustainable source for hydrogen production. OPEFB... more Biomass oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) is a sustainable source for hydrogen production. OPEFB and FeCl3.6H2O oxidizers (0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4 mol) were refluxed at 90-98 ° C for 5 hours. The acquired aliquot was used to produce H2 with variation of storage time (fresh aliquot and old aliquot). The production of H2 was carried out by electrolysis method where the aliquot was diluted by ratio of 1:10. The electrolysis was carried out using two electrodes as anode (titanium) and cathode (stainless steel) with DC current voltage 15 V. The principle of gas mass transfer in the vessel following Bernoulli's principle was used to calculate the volume of H2 formed. The change of current by formation of H2 were used to calculate the volume of H2 following Faraday’s law. The results showed that the storage time of the solution affects the production time of H2. The oxidizer concentration has no effect on the H2 production in the fresh solution but has effect on the old solution. The be...
The research aimed to evaluate of lead (Pb) and copper (Cu) absorption using water hyacinth [Eich... more The research aimed to evaluate of lead (Pb) and copper (Cu) absorption using water hyacinth [Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms] with the enhancement by the EAPR (electro˗assisted phytoremediation) method. Lead (Pb) and copper (Cu) was used in this research as a heavy metal model which was remediated for 7 d of wastewater treatment. The
application of designed pot˗cathode in 2D of electrode configuration was also evaluated for EAPR process. Heavy metal concentration of the plant tissues was measured by flame˗AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrometry). Plant stress was evaluated through chlorophyll concentration. The results showed that the absorption of Pb by water hyacinth on the basis of EAPR process was much lower than that in the phytoremediation due to high precipitation of lead metal in the aquatic
plume during the electromigration process. While on the similar process, the absorption of Cu was very high in the plant root. The plants grown under the EAPR system did not show any significantly low of chlorophyll concentration, suggesting higher tolerance of the plant to the heavy metal concentration. Therefore, the plants, even though under stress condition, were still able to maintain a relatively normal level of photosynthetic pigments.
— The combined use of electrocoagulation using aluminum electrodes and EAPR process using water h... more — The combined use of electrocoagulation using aluminum electrodes and EAPR process using water hyacinth (Eichornia crassipes), hereinafter referred as ECOPHY on the wastewater treatment of chemical laboratory had been evaluated. The purpose of electrocoagulation process in this study was to reduce organic content; meanwhile the EAPR process was to reduce heavy metal concentration in the wastewater as well. The effectiveness of ECOPHY process on the wastewater treatment was evaluated using COD, BOD, and heavy metal (Pb, Cu) concentration, respectively. Trace concentration of heavy metal in the effluent of discharged water was also monitored using common carb (Cyprinus carpio L.). The result showed that the ECOPHY process could reduce 43.4 – 86.8%, 32.4 – 80.8%, 24.9 – 88.1% and 39.0 – 78.0% removal efficiencies respectively for COD, BOD, Pb and Cu in the 12 h of ECOPHY process. Those concentrations were met the water quality standard of class IV according to government regulation No. 82/2001 regarding the water quality management and water pollution control of the Republic of Indonesia.
Agar matrix was artificially contaminated with caesium and subjected to rapid assessment of elect... more Agar matrix was artificially contaminated with caesium and subjected to rapid assessment of electrokinetic treatment on the basis of the 2D electrode configuration. The effect of caesium concentration on the process was investigated using different electrode configuration (i.e. rectangular, hexagonal and triangular). During treatment the in situ pH distribution, the current flow, and the potential distribution were monitored. At the end of the treatment, the caesium concentration distribution was measured. The results of these experiments showed that for caesium contamination, pH control is essential in order to create a suitable environment throughout the agar matrix to enable contaminant removal. It was found that the type of electrode configuration used to control the pH affected the rate of caesium accumulation. All of the electrode configurations tested was effective, but the highest caesium extraction was achieved when the hexagonal pattern was used to control the pH. After 72 h of treatment at 50 mA, the concentration of caesium decreased gradually from the second and first layer of agar matrix throughout the cell, suggesting that most of the caesium was concentrated on the cathode part.
Many low-cost feedstock i.e. used-cooking oil (UCO) for the production of biodiesel fuel (BDF) ha... more Many low-cost feedstock i.e. used-cooking oil (UCO) for the production of biodiesel fuel (BDF) has contained a large amount of water and high proportion of free fatty acids (FFAs). Therefore, a pre-treatment process to reduce the water content (<0.1 wt.%) and FFAs (<2.0 wt.%) were necessary in order to avoid an undesirable side reactions, such as saponification, which could lead to serious problem of product separation and low fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) yield.. In this study, a pre-treatment process of used cooking oil as a feedstock for the production of BDF by using various adsorbents such as Activated Carbon (AC) and various clay minerals, for example Smectite (S), Bentonite (B), Kaolinite (K), and Powdered Earthenware (PE) were evaluated. The oil obtained from pre-treatment was compared with oil without pre-treatment process. In this study, we reported a basic difference in material ability to the oil, depending on the adsorption condition with respect to the physico-chemical parameters, e.g. refractive index (R), density (ρ), FFAs, and water content (W). The results showed that the water content and FFAs in the oil has decreased when using AC as an adsorbent compared with clay minerals. However, the refractive index of oil has similar with the oil without pre-treatment process as well; meanwhile, the density of oil has increased after the pre-treatment process by using clay minerals.
The conversion of methyl ester (ME) from used frying oil with a basic heterogeneous catalyst chit... more The conversion of methyl ester (ME) from used frying oil with a basic heterogeneous catalyst chitosan by using electrolytic process had been investigated. ME yield was evaluated by using non-polar and polar of co-solvent type (i.e. Tween 80 and THF). The evaluation of the process was followed by GC-MS to determine the ME. The results show that the conversion of ME from used frying oil was obtained for 34.2 % in 4 h electrolytic process with 10 wt.% chitosan and non-polar of co-solvent, Tween 80. In the similar process, the ME yield was as high as 47.7 % when the electrolytic was proceeded in polar of co-solvent (i.e. THF). However, when the electrolytic process was applied without use of co-solvent, the conversion of ME increased up to 59.1 %. These results can be attributed to the enhancement of high electrical conductivity in the solution containing such as organocatalyst chitosan and polar co-solvent in the electrolytic process.
Minyak nabati (red. Minyak jelantah) merupakan sumber bahan baku yang menjanjikan bagi proses pro... more Minyak nabati (red. Minyak jelantah) merupakan sumber bahan baku yang menjanjikan bagi proses produksi biodiesel karena bersifat renewable, dapat diproduksi dalam skala besar dan ramah lingkungan [1]. Upaya untuk memproduksi biodiesel dari bahan baku minyak jelantah merupakan langkah cerdas yang memberikan tiga keuntungan sekaligus yaitu: nilainya yang ekonomis, menjadi solusi penanganan limbah minyak goreng, dan menghasilkan produk biodiesel yang ramah lingkungan. Proses konversi metil ester (ME) yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini dengan metode gabungan proses elektrolisis dan katalis basa heterogen, kitosan. Metode ini selain dapat mengurangi kandungan air dalam bahan baku minyak, juga tidak membutuhkan suhu tinggi karena dilakukan pada suhu kamar [2].Transfer elektron dalam proses ini secara tidak langsung telah mengkatalisis proses esterifikasi dan transesterifikasi minyak jelantah secara bersamaan. PENDAHULUAN HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN Gb.2A menunjukkan hasil ME sebesar 34,2 % deng...
The combination used electro-assisted system and hydroponic phytoremediation which is referred la... more The combination used electro-assisted system and hydroponic phytoremediation which is referred later on as hydroponic EAPR system for rapid removal of Pb2+ and Cu2+ from contaminated water has been demonstrated in a laboratory-scale experiment. A hydroponic setting was used to evaluate the potential rapid removal and uptake of lead and copper concentration by water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes). The effectiveness of two-dimensional (2D) of cathode-pot electrode was introduced in this study. The results obtained from hydroponic EAPR system were compared with the plants exposed in the contaminated lead and copper water by using phytoremediation for 7 d process. Our finding showed that the accumulation of lead and copper were high in the plant roots. Analysis of chlorophyll content in treated plant with high lead concentration for EAPR system has showed that water lettuce could cope with lead and copper stress. The overall metal uptake in plant system was higher under EAPR system than th...
Procedia Chemistry, 2015
ABSTRACT The combination used electro-assisted system and hydroponic phytoremediation which is he... more ABSTRACT The combination used electro-assisted system and hydroponic phytoremediation which is hereinafter referred as hydroponic EAPR system for rapid removal of Pb2+ and Cu2+ from contaminated water which has been demonstrated in a laboratory-scale experiment. A hydroponic setting was used to evaluate the potential rapid removal and uptake of lead and copper concentration by water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes Linn.). The effectiveness of two-dimensional (2D) of cathode-pot electrode was introduced in this study. The results obtained from hydroponic EAPR system were compared with the plants exposed in the contaminated lead and copper water by using phytoremediation for 7 d process. The results showed that the accumulation of lead and copper were high in the plant roots. Analysis of chlorophyll content in treated plant with high lead concentration for EAPR system has showed that water lettuce could cope with lead and copper stress. The overall metal uptake in plant system was higher under EAPR system than one compared with phytoremediation process.
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development (IJRED), 2014
Separation and Purification Technology, 2013
Separation and Purification Technology, 2011
The usefulness of the combined electrokinetic (EK) remediation with aluminum drinking water treat... more The usefulness of the combined electrokinetic (EK) remediation with aluminum drinking water treatment residuals (Al-WTRs) as an entrapping zone (EZ) for removal of lead ion from artificially contaminated soil was demonstrated. Laboratory experiments were performed with variable conditions including (i) type of Al-WTRs materials and the application of Al-WTRs as an EZ system during the EK processing, (ii) pH and (iii) position of EZ in the soil cell. The potential of aluminum leachability from Al-WTRs as the result of EK process was also discussed. The results show that the lead ions in the contaminated soil were transferred into the EZ by EK process and immobilized by adsorption sites on polymeric aluminum residual in the Al-WTRs. These residual compounds contained lead, which were not dissolved by diluted organic acid (0.1 M acetate buffer), were retained in the EZ and accumulated there. After 72 h of the electrokinetic process, the total amount of lead in the EZ was much higher than the initial lead concentration in the contaminated soil.► Combined electrokinetic (EK) remediation with aluminum drinking water treatment residuals (Al-WTRs) as an entrapping zone (EZ) for removal of lead ion from kaolinite clay soil. ► Lead ions in the contaminated kaolinite clay were transferred into the EZ by EK process and immobilized by the adsorption sites on the Al-WTRs. ► A relatively high lead ions entrapping in EK/EZ system was achieved by using Miyamachi sludge as than that by Nishino sludge. ► Installed Al-WTRs materials in the EK/EZ system was safe under the base condition, e.g. near the cathode side, where the leaching aluminum concentration was ca. 0.02 mg/g.