Luis Bernardo López Sosa | Universidad Intercultural indígena de Michoacán (original) (raw)

Papers by Luis Bernardo López Sosa

Buildings, 2024

Estimating energy flows that affect temperature increases inside houses is crucial for optimizing... more Estimating energy flows that affect temperature increases inside houses is crucial for optimizing building design and enhancing the comfort of living spaces. In this study, a thermal model has been developed to estimate the internal temperature of rural houses in Mexico using aerial thermography. The methodology used in this study considered three stages: (a) generating a semi-experimental thermal model of heat transfer through roofs for houses with high infiltration, (b) validating the model using contact thermometers in rural community houses, and (c) integrating the developed model using aerial thermography and Python 3.11.4 into user-friendly software. The results demonstrate that the thermal model is effective, as it was tested on two rural house configurations and achieved an error margin of less than 10% when predicting both maximum and minimum temperatures compared to actual measurements. The model consistently estimates the internal house temperatures using aerial thermography by measuring the roof temperatures. Experimental comparisons of internal temperatures in houses with concrete and asbestos roofs and the model’s projections showed deviations of less than 3 ◦C. The developed software for this purpose relies solely on the fundamental thermal properties of the roofing materials, along with the maximum roof temperature and ambient temperature, making it both efficient and user-friendly for rural community management systems. Additionally, the model identified areas with comfortable temperatures within different sections of a rural community, demonstrating its effectiveness when integrated with aerial thermography. These findings suggest the potential to estimate comfortable temperature ranges in both rural and urban dwellings, while also encouraging the development of public policies aimed at improving rural housing.

Journal of Building Physics, 2024

Utilizing solid waste biomass developing of construction materials presents an environmental miti... more Utilizing solid waste biomass developing of construction materials presents an environmental mitigation opportunity by gradually replacing conventional materials that generate diverse ecological impacts. This approach aligns with circular economy and green chemistry principles, promoting the creation of sustainable materials. This research analyzes the use of brown algae from the Sargassum genus for bioconstruction applications through its mix with Portland cement. The mass influx of pelagic Sargassum species onto Caribbean beaches since 2011 has significantly impacted the environment, economy, and human health. The valorization of Sargassum is crucial for effective management and impact reduction. The study encompasses four key stages: (a) collection and processing of the algae, (b) development of a construction material composed of Portland cement and Sargassum at concentrations of 5 wt.% and 7.5 wt.%, (c) multifunctional characterization of the composite material, encompassing physical chemistry and thermal, optical and mechanical properties, and (d) an economic-environmental evaluation of using the construction material for housing in the Mexican Caribbean to enhance thermal insulation and reduce electric energy consumption associated with air conditioning. Test specimens of the composite material reveal compressive strength ranging between 78 and 347 kg/cm2, solar spectrum absorbance between 54% and 70%, and thermal conductivity between 0.65 and 1W/mK. The economic-environmental analysis indicates that employing the construction material in 5% of households in the state of Quintana Roo, Mexico, could lead to annual reductions in energy consumption of approximately 67GWh, with savings exceeding US$33,000, and environmental yearly mitigation equivalent to 4.1 TnNOx, 5.2 TnCH4, and 33,262 TnCO2. These results suggest promising prospects for incorporating Sargassum into construction materials, offering potential environmental and economic benefits. The composite material demonstrates optical, thermal, and mechanical functionality.

BioEnergy Research, 2024

A study of the energy potential from agro-industrial waste of Mangifera indica L. in the city of ... more A study of the energy potential from agro-industrial waste of Mangifera indica L. in the city of Zamora, Michoacán is presented, considering its use through solid biofuels. This research is composed of three stages: (a) the qualitative and quantitative diagnosis of the waste disposal of M. indica, spatiotemporally (b) the physicochemical characterization of the waste collected from 14 processing companies using characterization techniques, as well as proximal analysis of the moisture content, ash, volatiles, fixed carbon, and calorific value, and (c) estimation of the energy potential to spatially and temporally define the final energy disposition and possible use of the analyzed waste. The results show the ash content of mango residues below 3.5%, while the volatile material was 82.9%, the fixed carbon content was below 17%, and the polymeric compounds showed 27.24% cellulose, 10.46% for hemicellulose, and for lignin 5.78%. The presence of carbon was also identified in the order of 44.61%, hydrogen in 6.53%, oxygen in 48.11%, nitrogen of 0.74%, and the sulfur recorded was below the range of 0.01%. The calorific value was estimated from 17.5 to 19.28 MJ/kg; the available energy potential on the order of 0.5 TJ/day for 4 months. This proposal not only shows a case study of the bioenergy potential available, but it can also encourage addressing future research related to the use and valuation of agro-industrial waste, which, like in the Zamora region, there are many more in Mexico, and they are so diverse and productive that the energy potential is relevant.

Paper, 2024

The work consists of the development of a desktop application developed in the Python programming... more The work consists of the development of a desktop application developed in the Python programming language, which simulates the thermal absorptance of materials in a solar air heating system based on materials with low environmental impact. In addition, a mathematical verification is carried out through the use of the “Maple” Software on the proposed model that emerges from the energy balance of a thermal reservoir, called Thermal Absorbance Material (TAM). The implemented computational algorithm contributes to facilitating the numerical interpretation of data in a faster and more visual way. Finally, the developed simulator allows to observe not only the temperature curve but also provides the dispersion of a continuum of values, which can help to infer the magnitudes of some variables present in the model, with greater simplicity and effectiveness.

REVISTA DE CIENCIAS TECNOLÓGICAS

Actualmente, la dependencia a los recursos fósiles sigue dominando, aún con los impactos económic... more Actualmente, la dependencia a los recursos fósiles sigue dominando, aún con los impactos económico-ambientales que estos generan; por lo que es necesario incentivar la producción y uso de fuentes renovables, asequibles y sustentables. En este sentido, el presente trabajo se enfoca en desarrollar un software de simulación termosolar para la evaluación de materiales de bajo costo y bajo impacto ambiental que puedan ser utilizados en calentadores solares o acumuladores térmicos. Optimizando el uso de materiales pétreos, orgánicos y aquellos disponibles localmente con propiedades optotérmicas de alta absorción y gran residencia térmica, para utilizarlos como contenedores de energía termosolar. De este modo, se ha desarrollado una aplicación de escritorio en lenguaje de programación Python, para simular la absortancia y acumulación térmica de materiales con las características mencionadas utilizando propiedades como temperatura ambiente del lugar de prueba, absortancia solar, conductivid...

Fire, Aug 15, 2023

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY

Energies

This proposal evaluates the energy potential of agricultural residues of Zea mays from an indigen... more This proposal evaluates the energy potential of agricultural residues of Zea mays from an indigenous community in Mexico. The study consists of four stages: (a) evaluation of residue production in all community farming areas (b) morphological and physicochemical characterization, using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), as well as infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Raman (c) the proximal and functional evaluation of the residues, through fiber analysis, determination of fixed carbon, humidity, estimation of calorific value, ash microanalysis and elemental analysis, and (d) evaluation of energy potential and multicriteria analysis. The results show that Z. mays residues have initial moisture values of less than 10%, ash content below 20%, fixed carbon around 14% and a calorific value of 17.6 MJ/kg associated with polymeric compounds and carbohydrates, as well as a percentage of extractable compounds of the order of 40%. The production of these residues on the 249 hectares (ha) of cult...

Energies

Today, energy use is an important and urgent issue for economic development worldwide. It is expe... more Today, energy use is an important and urgent issue for economic development worldwide. It is expected that raw material in the form of biomass and lignocellulosic residues will become increasingly significant sources of sustainable energy in the future because they contain components such as cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, and extractables with high energy-producing potential. It is then essential to determine the behavior of these materials during thermal degradation processes, such as pyrolysis (total or partial absence of air/oxygen). Pyrolyzed biomass and its residual fractions can be processed to produce important chemical products, such as hydrogen gas (H2). Thermogravimetric (TGA) analysis and its derivative, DTG, are analytical techniques used to determine weight loss as a function of temperature or time and associate changes with certain degradation and mass conversion processes in order to evaluate kinetic properties. Applying kinetic methods (mathematical models) to deg...

IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2021

This study shows a life cycle analysis (LCA) of the production of briquettes from wood residues o... more This study shows a life cycle analysis (LCA) of the production of briquettes from wood residues of Pinus spp. in an indigenous community in Mexico. The analysis was carried out considering one Mega Joule (1MJ) of heat as a functional unit, including mainly environmental sustainability indicators, through the Life Cycle Analysis (LCA), and generating environmental impact scenarios for the functional unit by: a) comparing the carbon footprint using solar drying and firewood drying in the production of briquettes and (b) comparing the carbon footprint of the heat obtained by the briquettes from both previous systems with heat obtained from liquefied petroleum gas (LP gas) and firewood. The results show that solar-dried briquettes have the lowest carbon footprint, and more than 80% of the emissions are biogenic, making it an excellent choice as a clean and renewable energy source. In addition, the methane emissions from LP gas is much higher than emissions from briquettes, but the carbo...

IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2021

The present study evaluates the potential use of pelagic Sargassum spp. as a solid biofuel. Massi... more The present study evaluates the potential use of pelagic Sargassum spp. as a solid biofuel. Massive landings of these brown algae across the Atlantic have produced ecologic and economic problems since 2011. Sargassum biomass valorization could compensate for economic losses and reduce environmental impacts. The production of biofuels could be one of its applications. This research consists of two stages: (a) the physical-energy characterization: morphology, humidity, ash, volatiles, and calorific value, and (b) an estimate of the energy potential of these algae, considering their removal from 600 kilometers of coastline along the Mexican Caribbean coast. An analysis of sustainability indicators considering socioeconomic aspects shows the benefits of using this resource in comparison with other types of low-cost biofuels that produce low environmental impact. The results show the pertinence of using Sargassum spp. as an alternative energy resource with low cost, low environmental imp...

Microscopy and Microanalysis, 2021

Applied Sciences, 2020

This study presents a prospective study for the potential exploitation of pelagic Sargassum spp. ... more This study presents a prospective study for the potential exploitation of pelagic Sargassum spp. as a solid biofuel energy source. It was carried out in three stages. First we conducted a morphological, physical-chemical, and structural characterization using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (DRX), respectively. Second we evaluated the material’s functional properties as a solid biofuel based on its calorific value and the quantification of polymeric components like hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin, as well as thermogravimetric and differential analysis to study the kinetics of its pyrolysis and determine parameters like activation energy (Ea), reaction order (n), and the pre-exponential factor (Z). Third we analyzed the energetic potential considering the estimated volume of pelagic Sargassum spp. that was removed from beaches along the Mexican Caribbean coast in recent years. Results of the kinetic study indicate that Sarg...

Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, 2021

Abstract The present study shows a solar air heating system, made up of a thermal accumulator of ... more Abstract The present study shows a solar air heating system, made up of a thermal accumulator of limestone and gravel, as well as aggregates of soot from forest biomass as a photothermal material for solar absorption. This research is divided into three stages: (a) the construction of the solar air heating system with soot-gravel-limestone composite materials (b) the optothermal characterization of the system: using UV–VIS-NIR spectrophotometry to estimate solar absorptivity, scanning electron microscopy to analyze the morphology of materials, thermographic analysis, and experimental evaluation with solar irradiance to determine the thermal efficiency and to carry out an exergy analysis (c) the development of a mathematical model to infer the behavior of the system, allowing the theoretical variation of the materials and properties involved to optimize the construction and characterization process. The results show that soot, as a photothermic material, increases the solar absorption capacity of thermal accumulators of gravel and limestone above 90%, and contributes to reaching maximum accumulated temperatures above 60℃. In this system, the cooling curve is slow and the temperature gradient at the end of the solar day exceeds the ambient temperature by more than 15 °C. The mathematical model is functional and had an approximate error of 4% with respect to the experimental analysis. This proposal with low environmental impact and low cost materials has favorable photothermic properties for its implementation in more complex solar thermal technologies.

Microscopy and Microanalysis, 2020

Solar coatings not only contribute to the efficiency of solar thermal technologies, they also sig... more Solar coatings not only contribute to the efficiency of solar thermal technologies, they also significantly influence the cost and environmental impact of the entire device [1]. These coatings should also consider that the absorption of light by a material depends on its electronic structure, the wavelength of the light and the materials that are solid, that is, any characteristic of the surface, such as wells, hollows or peaks. [2. 3]. The application of these materials generates various coatings that have been studied for a long time, and can be specifically classified into [4-5]: (a) textured metal surfaces (b) intrinsic selective materials (c) multilayer absorbers (d) metals with dielectric compounds, (e) selective solar transmission coating on a black body type absorbent and (f) absorbent paints with organic materials. Some materials have been developed to generate optical and structural properties that are highly absorbed in the solar spectrum (300-2500 nm). Particularly, this proposal suggests the characterization of fullerene ashes, obtained by the Krätschmer method [6], as a new material for absorbing solar energy; This material has been studied to generate new carbon allotropes with some characteristics similar to graphene [6]. However, little has been studied of the optical properties of this material, so this research is interesting The characterization of fullerene ashes (FCS) was performed using X-ray Diffraction (DRX), using a D8 Adavance Davinci diffraction system. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was used, using a Model Jeol JSM 7600F field emission equipment. Also, Raman Spectroscopy was used, through a Bruker Raman Senterra device. For infrared spectroscopy a Bruker tensor model 27 (FTIR) was used. And for UV-VIS-NIR Spectroscopy, a Cary 5000 device with integrating sphere was used.

Applied Sciences, 2020

This study describes the exploitation of wood waste (Pinus spp.) in the form of sawdust and shavi... more This study describes the exploitation of wood waste (Pinus spp.) in the form of sawdust and shavings generated during the production of furniture and artisanal items in a community in the state of Michoacán, western Mexico. A process is described to densifying this raw material, to produce solid-type biofuel briquettes that can be used to satisfy the need to generate low-power heat for residential sectors. Briquette production involved six stages: (a) gathering samples of sawdust and shavings from artisanal workshops in the community; (b) proximal characterization of the samples; (c) elaborating the briquettes; (d) physicochemical characterization of the briquettes; (e) evaluation of the physical-thermal combustion of the briquettes; and (f) an economic evaluation of briquette production to determine viability. Finally, we performed a comparative analysis of the energy, economic, and environmental indicators of the briquettes produced and conventional pine and oak firewood (Pinus sp...

Sustainability, 2019

This paper introduces a new methodology for the development of appropriate technology that allows... more This paper introduces a new methodology for the development of appropriate technology that allows satisfying energy needs in rural communities. The methodology integrates the technological development, taking particularly into account the assessment of environmental impacts as well as evaluation of the functionality of the technology. Therefore, it is implemented as a case study in the development of a solar wood-dryer in an artisan community in Mexico. Relevant issues were identified for the success of the methodology, which includes identifying key participants in the community, as well as the use of specialized simulation- and computer-based design tools, and a prior evaluation of the potential environmental impacts through Life-Cycle Assessment (LCA) of the solar wood-dryer. Three geometries of a solar wood-dryer prototype were proposed and analyzed with computer-based simulations, which showed better interior heat transfer than the traditional wood brick-dryer. LCA revealed tha...

Microscopy and Microanalysis, 2019

Some carbon allotropes such as graphite, nanotubes, fullerenes, and especially graphene, have bee... more Some carbon allotropes such as graphite, nanotubes, fullerenes, and especially graphene, have been used in recent years for thermosolar applications, mainly for the development of photothermal coatings that can be used in sustainable technologies [1]. However, little has been studied regarding organic materials derived from residential waste for this same application. The soot of forest biomass, which is a waste of combustion, has been reported as a material that can be used in photothermal applications for solar thermal technologies, and represents a sustainable strategy for the use of solid waste [2]. This paper shows the characterization of forest biomass soot from wood-saving stoves (Patsari ®) [3], by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), with a Jeol JSM 7600F Model field emission equipment, and Electron Microscopy of Transmission (TEM), using a Tecnai Supertwin Model equipment with field emission. The results show that soot is a material with carbon nanoparticles, with submicrometric agglomerates (Figure 1), consistent with other work on soot combustion [4]; after the collection of forest biomass soot, this material is very agglomerate, micrometric agglomerates are appreciated in the Figure 1(a). To de-agglomerate the soot, mechanical grinding was used with a planetary mill (PM100), at 350 rpm, for 8 h. After the milling, small-sized agglomerates formed by soot nanoparticles can be observed. Figure 2 shows that the soot is a pseudoamorphous material, has certain crystalline traces associated with the (h, k, l) (002) plane, which is attributed to amorphous graphite, the graphitic planes have dislocations as shown in Figure 2 (d) [5]. The presence of this plane is linked to the sp2 bonds domain, due to its graphitic character. These carbon allotrope bonds have higher light absorption coefficients compared to known light absorbers [6], so their capacity as photothermal material is consistent with previous work [2]. The characterization by TEM analysis of the soot is a complementary technique for spectroscopic techniques and analysis of optical properties. In this case, the TEM analysis shows that forest biomass soot can be used as a coating in thermosolar technology, because an amorphous graphitic structure has been identified; and it is known that this material has solar energy absorption properties.

Microscopy and Microanalysis, 2019

Energy Procedia, 2014

In this paper, it's presented an integral project of technology transfer. Based in the developmen... more In this paper, it's presented an integral project of technology transfer. Based in the development of several prototypes of solar cookers, all of them with our own design and construction, whose functionality is to compound parabolic concentrators of revolution, this project performed how to implement this ecotechnology. The prototype implemented uses mirror polished aluminum reflectors, aluminum pressure cooker manual tracking device and solar tilt. With the help of social programs, 70 solar cookers were implemented in an indigenous community in Michoacán, México; previously it was implemented a diagnostic of timber resources consumption to each beneficiary family. Also, firing tests were performed with various prototypes plots to select the best one with thermal and ergonomic characteristics. The project expects to reduce the consumption of timber as fuel used for cooking by 30%; to encourage the use of renewable energy, to mitigate respiratory diseases caused by the inhalation of combustion smoke and help the family's economy. Currently we are working with the monitoring to quantify the improvements achieved in consumption-appropriation. There is already an user manual of maintenance and construction of solar cookers in the indigenous language and the project wants to be the basis for future Eco technologies' implementations.

Buildings, 2024

Journal of Building Physics, 2024

BioEnergy Research, 2024

Paper, 2024

REVISTA DE CIENCIAS TECNOLÓGICAS

Fire, Aug 15, 2023

Energies

IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2021

Microscopy and Microanalysis, 2021

Applied Sciences, 2020

Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, 2021

Microscopy and Microanalysis, 2020

Applied Sciences, 2020

Sustainability, 2019

Microscopy and Microanalysis, 2019

Energy Procedia, 2014

¿Existen criterios para desarrollar tecnología sostenible?, 2018

¿Alguna vez te has preguntado sobre cómo impacta al ambiente preparar una taza de café? O bien, ¿... more ¿Alguna vez te has preguntado sobre cómo impacta al ambiente preparar una taza de café? O bien, ¿cuáles son los impactos de mantener encendida una lámpara eléctrica durante un par de horas? Más aún ¿cuántas emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero tiene las tecnologías de generación eléctrica? Existe una metodología que permite dar respuesta a lo anterior. El Análisis de Ciclo de Vida (ACV) o Life Cycle Assessment (LCA por sus siglas en inglés) es una aproximación metodológica que cuantifica impactos ecológicos, a los recursos naturales y a la salud humana de un producto o sistema durante su ciclo de vida, es decir, desde la extracción de los materiales de construcción, pasando por su transporte, manufactura, uso, hasta llegar a su disposición final.

Capitulo de libro, 2024

Este texto de divulgación, forma parte de los cuadernos del programa de Lectura Científica del In... more Este texto de divulgación, forma parte de los cuadernos del programa de Lectura Científica del Instituto de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación del estado de Michoacán. El capítulo habla de la energía en la vida cotidiana, y mantiene un enfoque ilustrativo de la energía en entornos comunitarios.

Capítulo Libro, 2023

Las energías renovables comprenden hidráulica, eólica, geotérmica, solar y biomasa. Esta última e... more Las energías renovables comprenden hidráulica, eólica, geotérmica, solar y biomasa. Esta última es una fuente importante y prometedora para la generación de energía alternativa a los combustibles de origen fósil. La biomasa está disponible a partir de residuos forestales y maderables, además de diferentes residuos agroindustriales, residuos sólidos urbanos orgánicos, y por supuesto de los cultivos energéticos, y posicionan a la bioenergía como una fuente local y versátil, que puede ayudar a reducir la dependencia de los combustibles fósiles y la emisión de gases de efecto invernadero. Este tipo de biomasa y los biocombustibles sólidos densificados que pudieran elaborarse a partir de ella, son una opción importante para lograr fuentes de energía más sostenibles y limpias, y con su uso adecuado y sostenible, pudieran contribuir a mitigar el cambio climático. Sobre este planteamiento se discute en este capítulo, desde las generalidades hasta los tipos de biocombustibles sólidos que existen y sus beneficios en el uso continuo.

Capítulo Libro, 2023

Se presenta a continuación una propuesta general para la determinación del potencial energético d... more Se presenta a continuación una propuesta general para la determinación del potencial energético disponible en poblaciones específicas, a partir de la identificación espacial y temporal, mediante diagnósticos cuantitativos, así como mediante la determinación del poder calorífico de determinados tipos de biomasa. El interés principal de esta propuesta se orienta hacía el aprovechamiento de los residuos agrícolas y agroindustriales, para conocer la intensidad bioenergética para ciertas áreas y periodos de tiempo, de manera participativa, e inferir la viabilidad de implementación de cadenas de valor para la generación de biocombustibles sólidos a partir de estos residuos, describiendo algunas recomendaciones para su gestión de manera local con pertinencia ambiental, factibilidad económica y viabilidad ambiental

Capítulo Libro, 2023

Este capítulo aborda de manera descriptiva algunas técnicas de caracterización que pueden ser uti... more Este capítulo aborda de manera descriptiva algunas técnicas de caracterización que pueden ser utilizadas para el análisis morfológico y fisicoquímico en recursos biomásicos. Se analizan las técnicas de caracterización como Difracción de Rayos X, Espectroscopía de Infrarrojo con Transformada de Fourier, Microscopía Electrónica de Barrido y Espectroscopía Raman. De forma general, en cada técnica, se describe su principio de operación, el funcionamiento del equipo que realiza el análisis y se describe los resultados que se originan, haciendo énfasis en su utilización en biomasa para su uso como biocombustibles sólidos.