Munawir Harris | UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta (original) (raw)

Papers by Munawir Harris

Abstract THE LEADERSHIP OF WOMEN IN ISLAM: The role of women in a religious society to the questi... more Abstract
THE LEADERSHIP OF WOMEN IN ISLAM: The role of women in a religious society to the question of who and what women are, the answer to which is found in the Koran. In these sacred Islamic verses the role and nature of women have been described by Allah, the almighty creator of us all. Despite the traditional multi-ethnicity of Ismaic tradition society’s social fabric, however, Islam as a universal religion for the entire country has shaped the structure of Islam’s society and the mentality of its citizens. Within the Islamic religious belief and the Koran, the belief is that women were created for the main purpose of their husbands. In fact, the Islam is universal religion. This articale analisise about existence woman in the leadership in Islam as universal religion.
Keyword: Womans, Islamic Religion and Lidership.

The renewal of Islamic law is essentially contrary to something that already exists (existing) th... more The renewal of Islamic law is essentially contrary to something that already exists (existing) then undergoes a qualitative change as a product of interaction in public life. It could be argued that the process of renewal of Islamic law is seen as something autonomous, but it also interacts with other elements in society that occur interdependently. Therefore, the concept of renewal of Islamic law requires adaptive stance with social conditions in which it interacts. In this case, the realization of the principle of al-muh} āfaz} atu 'alā al-qadīmi al-s\ ālih} wa al-akhdhu bi al-jadīd al-as\ lah} (Maintaining the old one if it is still good and accept the new or changed if it is considered better) became a necessity. Within the framework of family law renewal in Indonesia, Islamic law has a very strategic and important role. From the sociological point of view, Islamic family law has deeply rooted in the Muslim daily live and become a living law in the midst of the majority of Indonesian people. Renewal of Islamic law in the context of family law in Indonesia includes four categories namely fiqh, fatwā, jurisprudence and legislation. This article explores these four categories and shows how reform influence these domains.

Political movement of Nahdhatul Ulama' (NU) as a religious organization and NU Women Cadre (Musli... more Political movement of Nahdhatul Ulama' (NU) as a religious organization and NU Women Cadre (Muslimat NU) as an autonomous body appeared in the trajectory of the national history. The problem that arised was that to what the extent NU had participated in national politics and how big Muslimat NU's representation was in national politics. Through a typology approach, this article explored the political contributions of NU and NU Women Cadre in the trajectory of the national history. A lot of data indicated that NU and muslimat NU had taken part both passively and actively in national politics. In the colonial era, typologically NU took part as passive participant, but in the next period, it took part in the form of non-conventional active participants.This active participant apparently showed its participation when NU issued Jihad Resolution to defend Indonesian independence. Its participation was then allied with Masjumi, but then it built its own political party independently. The passive participation of NU Women Cadres (Muslimat) began to be recognized in 1938, and then it just began to be recognized as active participant in 1946. Women of NU became active participants to promote gender equality in 1954. Five years later, it became galdiator participant, and began to show its gender roles simultaneously by raising the strategic issues aimed at enforcing the rights, resources of human being and aspirations for women to participate in public life, including practical politics. <PBÀ¼nÀ»A> BÈ» Ò¨IBN»A ÒÀ¤ÄÀ»AË ÒÎÄÍe ÒÎ¨ÀV· ÕBÀ¼¨»A ÒzÈÄ» ÒÎmBÎn»A Ò·jZ»A PjÈ£ :wb¼À»A ÒÎÄŁÌ»A ÒmBÎn»A Ï¯ <ÕÝÀ¼¨»A ÒzÈÃ> ºAjNqA f¿ B¿ ÌÇ`ËjñÀ»A ¾AÛn»AË .cÍiBN»A jJ §-ÏnÎÄVN»A ½afÀ»BI-Ò»B´À»A ÊhÇ O»ËBY .ÏmBÎn»A ¾BVÀ»A Ï¯ PBÀ¼nÀ»A Òé Î¼·Ë Ôf¿Ë .ÏnÎÃËfÃâA K¨r»A cÍiBM Ï¯ <PBÀ¼nÀ»A> Ë <ÕBÀ¼¨»A ÒzÈÃ> ¾ ÏmBÎn»A ÂBÈmÜA ÒmAie B·AjNqA BN·jNqA <PBÀ¼nÀ»A> Ë <ÕBÀ¼¨»A ÒzÈÃ> ÒÎ¨ÀU AEC Ó¼ § Ò §é ÌÄNÀ»A PBÃBÍBJ»A O÷ »e ºAjNqÜA ½¸q Phbé MA BÇf¨I Ò¼YjÀ»A Ï¯ é Å¸» ,ÒÎÄŁÌ»A ÒmBÎn»A Ï¯ jqBJÀ»A jÎ«Ë AjqBJ¿

Human beings are mysterious. Although various studies about humans have been conducted, they fail... more Human beings are mysterious. Although various studies about humans have been conducted, they fail to totally comprehend them. Therefore, studies about humans are always interesting topics, especially if they attempt to reveal non-physical aspects of humans. One way to look at this neglected aspect is to study spiritual dimensions of humans. Base on their explorations to the Qur " an and hadith, Muslim scholars propose a theory of three cosmos: macrocosmos, microcosmos and metacosmos. Macrocosmos represents the Universe. Microcosmos is human beings and metacosmos is concerned with Allah. These are three cosmologies that Muslims have to find from the scriptural texts so they can understand the central role of human beings in preserving balanced relationships among these three worlds. The Qur " an, for example, gives allegories and signs that Muslims must explore their deep meanings to gain wisdom and get closer to the Creator. Abstrak: Ada banyak dimensi misteri dalam diri manusia. Meski banyak kajian atas manusia oleh para sarjana dan filsuf, namun studi-studi mereka gagal memahami keseluruhan dimensi tersebut. Oleh karena itu, studi tentang manusia selalu menarik, terutama jika dikaitkan dengan sisi non-fisiknya. Salah satu caranya adalah dengan melakukan kajian spiritualitas manusia. Dengan mendasarkan pada al-Qur " an dan hadis, para sarjana kosmolog Muslim menawarkan konsep tiga dunia; makrokomos, mikrokosmos dan metakosmos. Makrokosmos adalah dunia atau alam raya. Mikrokosmos adalah manusia sedangkan metakosmos berkaitan dengan Allah. Orang-orang Islam kemudian mengeksplorasi rahasia-rahasia di balik al-Qur " an dan hadis untuk mendapatkan makna mengenai peran utama mereka dalam dunia kosmos tersebut dan dalam rangka mengetahui tugas mereka menjaga hubungan antarkosmos. Usaha ini diyakani mampu mengantarkan manusia menjadi bijak dan akan dekat kepada Allah.

The nature of religion has been endlessly discussed by philosophers, theologians, psychologists ,... more The nature of religion has been endlessly discussed by philosophers, theologians, psychologists , and sociologists. They look at different aspectsof religion as their interests and their purposes differ. Therefore, they formulate variety of definition of religion. Religion is seen to be difficult to define. But it is necessary to have a clear definition of religion as a starting point for religious studies. This paper discuss the definitions of religion given by the schoolars and then give a clear definition as an attemp to build up tolerant. Religion is not the same with religious beliefs and practices or religious experiences. Pendahuluan Kaum muslim modernis dewasa ini sering dikritik, bahkan dicemoh oleh sebagian kaum Muslim sendiri, karena dituduh melakukan pembaha-ruan agama Islam. Mereka dituduh memperbaharui dan mengubah agama Islam serta dipandang sebagai pembuat agama baru. Dari satu sisi, kritik dan cemooh itu bertolak dari keyakinan yang sesungguhnya dianut oleh pengu-sung gerakan modernisasi. Islam sebagai suatu agama diajarkan dan diwaris-kan Nabi Muhammad saw. dalam keadaan yang sudah sempurna dan leng-kap serta tidak perlu diubah dan diperbaharui lagi. Pada sisi lain, kritik itu muncul dari penilaian bahwa yang dilakukan oleh para pembaharu Muslim ada-lah mengubah agama Islam yang telah diwariskan Nabi. Tentu saja, hu-jatan tersebut semakin keras ketika modernisasi atau pembaharuan ternyata menghadapi banyak tantangan yang mengakibatkan ide dan gagasan pemba-1 Dosen Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Negeri (STAIN) Sorong, Papua Barat.

Continuous dialogue between Islamic law and its context of space and time necessitates the emerge... more Continuous dialogue between Islamic law and its context of space and time necessitates the emergence of various methods of invention of Islamic law. This paper aims to map the diversity of the methods under some categorizations. The authors found that, at least, there are three models of methods of Islamic law invention, namely linguistic interpretation, causation, and adjustment. All are so strong in their trend of textual understanding of Islamic law that they potentially bring out epistemological problem, such as the law construction which is too idealistic so that it be not applicable, or vice versa. In that context, Safi offers a method of law invention called " integrated " model which is discovery-oriented blending of textual (normative-textual) and contextual analysis (social-empirical), so that Islamic law does not lose its relevance in the context contemporary society today. Abstrak: Dialog berkelanjutan antara hukum Islam dengan konteks ruang dan waktunya meniscayakan munculnya aneka metode penemuan hukum Islam. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk memetakan keragaman metode itu dengan melakukan kategorisasi-kategorisasi. Penulis menemukan bahwa, paling tidak, terdapat tiga model metode penemuan hukum Islam, yaitu interpretasi linguistik, kausasi, dan penyelarasan. Tiga metode itu sangat kuat kecenderungan tekstualitasnya sehingga berpotensi memunculkan problem epistemologik di kalangan umat Islam, seperti adanya konstruksi hukum yang terlalu idealis dan tidak aplikatif, atau sebaliknya. Dalam konteks itu, tawaran Safi tentang metode penemuan hukum " terpadu " sangat menarik untuk dicermati sebagai suatu model penemuan hukum yang berorientasi pada perpaduan antara analisis teks (normatif-tekstual) dan konteks (sosial-empiris), sehingga hukum Islam tidak kehilangan relevansinya dalam konteks masyarakat kontemporer dewasa ini.