Prof. Ts Dr Roshana Takim | Universiti Teknologi Mara (original) (raw)

Papers by Prof. Ts Dr Roshana Takim

Asian Journal of Quality of Life

Transparency is an essential precondition for containing corruption. Construction is prone to cor... more Transparency is an essential precondition for containing corruption. Construction is prone to corruption as it involves a large number of participants. Corruption is a deviant behaviour of an individual that should be looked into. The objective of this paper is to study the behavioural factors that lead to corrupt acts based on the Model of Corrupt Action. Questionnaire survey is utilised to derive to the solution. The results show that behavioural factors concerning the achievement of a certain goal do not predict corrupt action but the desire factors represent an important antecedent of intention by which a strong predictor of particular behaviour.Keywords: Transparency Initiative (TI); Model of Corrupt Action; corruption; constructioneISSN 2398-4279 © 2018. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open-access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under r...

Asian Journal of Quality of Life

A Transportation infrastructure projects often involve the considerable land use and huge resourc... more A Transportation infrastructure projects often involve the considerable land use and huge resource that can cause serious impacts to the environment and social dislocation. Hence, implementation of sustainable factors is essential. This paper attempts (1) to review infrastructure project sustainability factor and performance, and (2) to propose a framework of relationship between the sustainability factors and performance for railway projects in Malaysia. The results from the literature show that sustainability factors and performance can be categorized under environment, economic, social, engineering/resource utilization and project management.

A continuing increase in demand for infrastructure, with the aim of realising Malaysia’s develope... more A continuing increase in demand for infrastructure, with the aim of realising Malaysia’s developed nation status by 2020, has driven the government to seek smart partnerships with the private sector. In line with existing privatisation policies, the concept of Private Finance Initiative (PFI) was introduced to carry out public projects in the Ninth Malaysia Plan (2006-2010). Yet, there is a lack of participation by the private sector due to difficulties in obtaining project finance. Financial institutions are generally unwilling to provide long-term financing for PFI projects as they suffer from limited liquidity and visibility. Local financing bodies are still relatively inexperienced and doubtful about PFI project financing. Unclear guidelines and regulations, as well as lack of government initiatives to promote such schemes, have also compounded the problem. The objectives of this paper are to identify critical success factors (CSF) influencing the financing of PFI projects and p...

Journal of critical reviews, 2020

Building Information Modelling (BIM) is a modelling technology that is associated with a set of p... more Building Information Modelling (BIM) is a modelling technology that is associated with a set of processes to produce, communicate, and analyse digital information in a construction life-cycle. BIM is important for various stakeholders including contractors to adopt in order to boost project performance. However, the previous report showed that the adoption of BIM among contractors is still low compared to other stakeholders. This is because the contractors have no profound understanding of BIM and its requirements. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to determine the uses of BIM from the contractors' perspective by adopting BIM from the planning phase to the construction phase as well as to determine the reliability and validity of the research instrument. A component questionnaire on Building Information Modelling (BIM) had been developed to determine the uses of BIM among contractors in Malaysia. This study was conducted in Selangor and Kuala Lumpur, which involved 100 respondents, in order to affirm the development of valid and reliable instrument. The reliability test and Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) were used to measure the instrument to produce an empirical verification of the validity and reliability of the questionnaires. Literature search and a pilot study on contractors involved in BIM-based projects were carried out from which the appropriate items were extracted. From these, twenty (20) items remained and were to be completed in the study: fourteen (14) items were BIM uses from the planning to the designing phase and six (6) items were BIM uses in the construction phase. The fourteen (14) items used to measure from the planning to the design phase comprised existing condition, cost estimation, phase planning, programming, site analysis, design review, design authoring, structural analysis, lighting analysis, energy analysis, mechanical analysis, other engineering analysis, sustainability evaluation (LEED), and code validation. Meanwhile, six (6) BIM uses for the construction phase consisted of 3D coordination, site utilizing planning, construction system design, digital fabrication, 3D control and planning, and record model. All twenty (20) items had high reliability index value, which was between 0.7 and 0.8. Accordingly, the factor analysis outcome resulted in two (2) components, obtained with 40.938% of cumulative variance, while the factor loading for each component ranged from 0.5 to 0.7, reflecting the dimension of the two (2) components. Hence, the result obtained proved that the instrument of this study had high reliability and validity.

Advanced Science Letters, 2017

Limited resources in the public sector have initiated the Private Finance Initiative (PFI) involv... more Limited resources in the public sector have initiated the Private Finance Initiative (PFI) involved in the provision of important public infrastructure. The financing is mostly through debt. However, obtaining financing has been difficult, mostly because the PFI possesses high risks associated with substantial capital, long-term concession period and intensive project cash flows during debt repayments. Besides, lack of government initiatives to encourage financial institutions’ participation in providing financing is also an obstacle for PFI development. Therefore, the objective of this research is to assess the government’s roles in enhancing the participation of financial institutions in financing PFI projects. This study highlights Malaysia’s PFI projects by focusing on government-led factors affecting the process of securing PFI project financing. A quantitative method of data collection using the questionnaire survey technique was adopted. Out of the 66 bank managers in Malaysia who received the questionnaire, 15 useable were processed for further analysis. The Relative Importance Index method was used to indicate the relative importance of government-led factors that affect the securing of PFI project financing. The overall results indicate that “well-defined government objective on PFI,” “clarity of government policy,” “PFI project is politically acceptable,” “government’s guarantee of revenue on the services provided,” and “government roles related to approvals and permits,” are the top five important factors that affecting financiers’ decisions on financing PFI projects. The work will be interest to host government while structuring the PFI to improve the current policy and future practices of PFI implementation.

The growth of global railway infrastructure development has encouraged many countries including M... more The growth of global railway infrastructure development has encouraged many countries including Malaysia to develop railway as a key strategy to enhance the national transportation infrastructure and strengthen economic competitiveness. Nevertheless, the development of railway infrastructure projects demands massive land use, high cost, huge resources and time. These demands have great impact on the economy, environment and social wellbeing. Implementation of sustainability factors in transportation infrastructure projects particularly in railway projects has been recognized as an important mechanism to minimize these impacts. Albeit, it is not clear as to what extent do sustainability factors are incorporated in Malaysian railway projects. The objectives of this paper are to identify the importance of sustainability factors in railway projects from the stakeholder’s perceptions and to investigate level of its implementation in Malaysian railway projects. A questionnaire-based surve...

Article history: Received 12 October 2014 Received in revised form 26 December 2014 Accepted 17 J... more Article history: Received 12 October 2014 Received in revised form 26 December 2014 Accepted 17 January 2015 Available online 28 February 2015

887 Published By: Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering & Sciences Publication Retrieval Number:F115... more 887 Published By: Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering & Sciences Publication Retrieval Number:F11530476S319/19©BEIESP Abstract: Public Private Partnership (PPP) has been implemented by many governments around the world as an innovative procurement for development of public infrastructure projects. Since the PPP projects involve large amounts of investment and long concession periods, the projects are associated with high credit risk. Usually, debt portion is between 70% and 95% of project costs. Hence, banks are exposed to credit risk when they are involved in lending to these large projects with long gestation periods. Banks evaluate the creditworthiness of the private company based on quantifiable financial indicators and qualitative elements of the company’s strength. The private company that is lacking in financial capacity, inexperienced in construction, and weak in management capabilities, faces a high probability of failing to secure PPP financing. Therefore, this study aimed ...

Information and technology has produced large changes to construction industry and leads to innov... more Information and technology has produced large changes to construction industry and leads to innovative nations globally. Building Information Modeling (BIM) is one of the IT platforms to rely on the process of planning, design, construction, and operation of a building in 3D dimension to promote collaborative and integration between the parties in the construction projects environment. BIM is defined as a parametric modeling to support project life cycle through relevant data and information shared among project stakeholders. BIM roadmap is a strategic plan by the government of Malaysia to ensure a wider adoption of BIM embraced among industry players. However, despite the existence of strategic implementation plan recently developed by the Government of Malaysia through CIDB, the implementation plan has less emphasis on strategic analysis elements (i.e., capacity, support, and value). Hence, the objective of this paper is to incorporate the strategic analysis elements (i.e., capaci...

The phenomenon of 'international technology transfer' or ITT projects has emerged as an i... more The phenomenon of 'international technology transfer' or ITT projects has emerged as an important business and managerial concern for many developing countries. ITT in construction is seen as an effective mechanism to advance the flow of technological development by acquiring newer technology from abroad in response to a changing economic environment. The concept of ITT in construction organisations could occur simultaneously, involving the flow of imported technology (i.e., knowledge, skills and tools) via construction projects. Thus, the aim of this research is to develop a framework to enhance implementation of International Technology Transfer (ITT) in Malaysian construction projects. Empirical research undertaken by means of Initial Survey among two academicians and three practitioners involved in technology transfer research and projects, followed by Case Studies (by means of semi-structured interviews) among the six (6) Malaysian International Companies with experienc...

Building Information Modelling (BIM) is defined as a parametric modelling of a building containin... more Building Information Modelling (BIM) is defined as a parametric modelling of a building containing a precise and relevant data needed to support the project phase activities. The Building Information Modelling Execution Plan (BEP) however emerges as an important business and managerial concern for BIM projects. BEP is an effective document to describe on how to implement BIM for a particular project across project phase involving the flow of work and data input that need to comply by users. Nevertheless, in Malaysia the lacks of details, ambiguity, fragmentations, and poor knowledge in executing BIM technology have obstructed the building performance. Although the potential benefits of BIM are well documented, the implementation process procedure is still unsystematic and requires a standardised plan complete with expert hands-on to execute BIM in Mega construction projects. Hence, the objectives of this paper are: to investigate the processes of BEP, to identify the information exchange among stakeholders, and to establish strategies to implement BIM in Mega construction projects. The research engaged semi-structured interviews with four respondents from the public and private organisations. Data from the interviews were analysed by using content analysis techniques. The BEP processes have revealed four (4) important elements. These are: BIM goals, BIM Use, responsible parties and decision making. The four (4) information exchanges gathered from BEP processes are: responsible parties, level of development, collaboration, and modelling requirements. Finally, six (6) strategies to implement BIM are: training program, software and hardware, government involvement, and understanding of the full potentials of BIM, participation in standard development and co-ordination workshop. The results of the research provide an insight into the Malaysia construction projects and will provide a valuable guideline in managing BIM for Mega construction projects

Procedia Engineering, 2018

The massive disaster earthquake has triggered Tsunami on 26 December 2004 and shattered capital c... more The massive disaster earthquake has triggered Tsunami on 26 December 2004 and shattered capital city of Banda Aceh. The utmost affected components are infrastructure and services which require further redevelopment initiatives for 'Build Back Better' (BBB) agenda. These initiatives provide an opportunity for Malaysian entrepreneurs to invest for redevelopment projects of Banda Aceh. Inspired by the Construction Industry Transformation Programme (CITP), capitalising on potential market abroad; the aim of the research is to establish business potentials for Malaysian entrepreneurs in Banda Aceh. In order to achieve the aim, the objective of this paper is to identify the critical needs of Acehnese from various sectors (i.e., social economics; amenities, infrastructure and facilities; Legal and Political; and Technology). A-three-month of data collection was conducted in the form of literature search and document analysis from Banda Aceh Master Plan for Rehabilitation and Reconstruction. To underpin the findings, a one-day workshop with expert panels from the Indonesian Central Statistics Agency; government officials from Badan Penanggulangan Bencana Aceh (BPBA) and researchers from Universitas Syiah Kuala, Aceh were employed. The findings revealed four critical business potentials for Malaysian entrepreneurs in Banda Aceh. These are water supply improvement; upgrading sanitation system; energy generation and improvement fisheries services. Collective incentives by Governments of Malaysia, Indonesia and Aceh to assist Malaysian entrepreneurs in terms of law and regulations; tax exemptions and access to financing are required to be more strategic in the transformation of political relations, community recovery, rehabilitation and redevelopment of post-disaster agenda.

Procedia Engineering, 2018

An enormous flood occurrences on the December 2014 has paralyzed almost the entire East-coast of ... more An enormous flood occurrences on the December 2014 has paralyzed almost the entire East-coast of Malaysia, in particular, the district of Kuala Krai, Kelantan. Among others, the utmost affected sector is social which relates to community-based (health; housing; education & cultural heritage) activities. This sector requires a comprehensive rehabilitation and reconstruction for 'Build Back Better' Agenda. The objectives of this paper are: to investigate the damages and losses in social sector; to identify the critical needs of Kelantanese relating to damages and losses; and to establish a strategy of the community empowerment. A-five-month of data collection was conducted through literature search, interviews and workshop. Damage, Loss and Needs Assessment (DaLNA methodology) criteria were used to assess the damages and the losses. To underpin the findings, a semi-structured interview was carried out with seven (7) organisations that were involved in 2014 flooding: Kelantan State Government,

IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2018

Hospital disaster preparedness refers to measures taken by the hospital's stakeholders to prepare... more Hospital disaster preparedness refers to measures taken by the hospital's stakeholders to prepare, reduce the effects of disaster and ensure effective coordination during incident response. Among the measures, non-structural components (i.e., medical laboratory equipment & supplies; architectural; critical lifeline; external; updated building document; and equipment & furnishing) are critical towards hospital disaster preparedness. Nevertheless, over the past few years these components are badly affected due to various types of disasters. Hence, the objective of this paper is to investigate the non-structural components influencing hospital's disaster preparedness. Cross-sectional survey was conducted among thirty-one (31) Malaysian hospital's employees. A total of 6 main constructs with 107 non-structural components were analysed and ranked by using SPSS and Relative Importance Index (RII). The results revealed that 6 main constructs (i.e. medical laboratory equipment & supplies; architectural; critical lifeline; external; updated building document; and equipment & furnishing) are rated as 'very critical' by the respondents. Among others, availability of medical laboratory equipment and supplies for diagnostic and equipment was ranked first. The results could serve as indicators for the public hospitals to improve its disaster preparedness in terms of planning, organising, knowledge training, equipment, exercising, evaluating and corrective actions through non-structural components.

Asian Journal of Quality of Life, 2018

Technically, safety planning and project execution planning has been carried out separately for m... more Technically, safety planning and project execution planning has been carried out separately for most BIM-based projects. As such, it leads to difficulties in monitor these planning simultaneously during construction phase. In this regards, the Automated Safety Rule Checking (ASRC) system is perceived to distinguish fall hazards by integrating the system in the existing BIM-model. This paper pursues to explore the integration of ASRC system within BIM-based projects in Malaysia. A cross-sectional survey was employed to large public and private organisations that involved with BIM. The data were analysed by using content analysis technique and revealed that ASRC system is yet to be incorporated into BIM-based projects in Malaysia.

Procedia Engineering, 2018

Disaster resilience hospital (DRH) is the hospital's ability to resist, absorb, accommodate and r... more Disaster resilience hospital (DRH) is the hospital's ability to resist, absorb, accommodate and recover from the effects of a hazard in a timely and efficient manner. DRH includes the preservation and restoration of the hospital's essential basic structures and functions. Resilience (i.e. robustness; redundancy; resourcefulness; and rapidity) could be achieved through enhancement of preparedness attributes in terms of structural, non-structural and functional measures. However, over the past few years there is a growing body of evidence to show that the impacts of disasters are affecting negatively towards public hospitals in Malaysia. It is believed that to a certain extent the preparedness attributes of hospitals towards disaster resilience are insufficient. Hence, the purpose of this paper is twofold: to investigate the hospital preparedness attributes and resilience indicators; and to establish relationship of preparedness attributes towards hospital's resilience. Cross-sectional survey was conducted among twenty six (26) Malaysian hospitals' staff. A total 243 preparedness attributes (structural-21; non-structural-107; and functional-115) and 23 resilience indicators (robustness-5; redundancy-5; resourcefulness-6; and rapidity-7) were subjected to non-parametric Spearman Correlation. The results revealed that 17 preparedness attributes and 23 resilience indicators are rated 'very critical' by the respondents by which human resources & training and ability to adapt in a timely manner are ranked first. In addition, non-structural preparedness presented greater strength of correlation towards robustness; redundancy; and resourcefulness. On the contrary, the functional attributes showed higher correlation towards rapidity. The results could serve as indicators for the public hospital's stakeholders in Malaysia to improve its preparedness and enhancing its resilience.

IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2018

BIM governance assessment instrument is a process of analysing the importance in developing BIM g... more BIM governance assessment instrument is a process of analysing the importance in developing BIM governance solution to tackle the existing problems during team collaboration in BIM-based projects. Despite the deployment of integrative technologies in construction industry particularly BIM, it is still insufficient compare to other sectors. Several studies have been established the requirements of BIM implementation concerning all technical and nontechnical BIM adoption issues. However, the data are regarded as inadequate to develop a BIM governance framework. Hence, the objective of the paper is to evaluate the content validity of the BIM governance instrument prior to the main data collection. Two methods were employed in the form of literature review and questionnaire survey. Based on the literature review, 273 items with six main constructs are suggested to be incorporated in the BIM governance instrument. The Content Validity Ratio (CVR) scores revealed that 202 out of 273 items are considered as the utmost critical by the content experts. The findings for Item Level Content Validity Index (I-CVI) and Modified Kappa Coefficient however revealed that 257 items in BIM governance instrument are appropriate and excellent. The instrument is highly reliable for future strategies and the development of BIM projects in Malaysia.

Indian Journal of Science and Technology, 2018

Objectives: In Malaysia, under the Public Private Partnership (PPP/PFI) financing arrangement, th... more Objectives: In Malaysia, under the Public Private Partnership (PPP/PFI) financing arrangement, the private company has to secure large project funding for the development of public infrastructure projects. The reasons are due to the unfavorable financial market conditions, lack available banks offering long-term financing, less attractive lending terms, and higher interest rates could hinder the private company to obtain capital funding. This paper aims to investigate sources of financing for PPP/PFI projects in Malaysia and to identify barriers involved in the PPP/PFI financing. Method: A qualitative method of data collection was employed. A semi-structured interview has been conducted among the three key players involved in the PPP/PFI projects: bank, public authority and private company resulted of 22 participants from 16 PPP/PFI projects in Malaysia. A computer aided qualitative data analysis software ALTAS.ti was used for data analysis. Findings: The findings revealed that most of the Malaysian PPP/PFI infrastructure projects are associated with high project cost amounting up to RM6 billion and the debt-equity ratios are in the range of 80:20 and 90:10. This demand the private company to restructure the PPP/PFI project financing through a combination of few sources, debts (i.e., Sukuk, bond, syndicated term loan, and government support loan) and shareholders' equity. Furthermore, the financing constraints are affected due to the complexity in credit assessment, high financing costs and limited suitable financing facilities. Improvements: For future research, the viability of the PPP/PFI projects and the strength of the private company are inevitable to secure good financing from respective banks. A framework of 'securing project finance for PPP/PFI projects in Malaysia' will be developed in detail consisting of four components: sources of financing; critical factors; securing financing strategy and success securing finance. It is believed that the framework could assist private construction company in obtain financing for their future infrastructure projects.

Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2016

In the last decade, both natural and man-made disaster events in Malaysia bring hindrance to cons... more In the last decade, both natural and man-made disaster events in Malaysia bring hindrance to construction firms' operations. Disaster events causing stress, anxiety and depression among people which leads to lose of working days. This research reports on psychosocial environment factors to private construction firms in the event of disaster. A semi-structured interviews were conducted among six (6) construction firms and the data were analysed using content analysis. The findings revealed that three (3) psychosocial environment factors (i.e., job characteristics; role in organisations; and social aspects) affected by man-made disasters; while job prospect and organisational factors distressed by natural disasters.

Environment-Behaviour Proceedings Journal, 2016

Project Financing Initiative (PFI) projects require the private sector to invest an enormous amou... more Project Financing Initiative (PFI) projects require the private sector to invest an enormous amount of capital for the development of public projects. The private sector has to seek cost-effective financing sources for their survival in the long-term concession. Conventional financing uses widely; however, Islamic financing promises better financing through profit and loss sharing. This paper reviews financing preferences for PFI projects and the factors influencing the choice of funding. The results show that religious perspective, quality of services, financing facilities and reputation are the factors that are expected will influence the financing preference behaviour, either Islamic or conventional finance.

Asian Journal of Quality of Life

Transparency is an essential precondition for containing corruption. Construction is prone to cor... more Transparency is an essential precondition for containing corruption. Construction is prone to corruption as it involves a large number of participants. Corruption is a deviant behaviour of an individual that should be looked into. The objective of this paper is to study the behavioural factors that lead to corrupt acts based on the Model of Corrupt Action. Questionnaire survey is utilised to derive to the solution. The results show that behavioural factors concerning the achievement of a certain goal do not predict corrupt action but the desire factors represent an important antecedent of intention by which a strong predictor of particular behaviour.Keywords: Transparency Initiative (TI); Model of Corrupt Action; corruption; constructioneISSN 2398-4279 © 2018. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open-access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under r...

Asian Journal of Quality of Life

A Transportation infrastructure projects often involve the considerable land use and huge resourc... more A Transportation infrastructure projects often involve the considerable land use and huge resource that can cause serious impacts to the environment and social dislocation. Hence, implementation of sustainable factors is essential. This paper attempts (1) to review infrastructure project sustainability factor and performance, and (2) to propose a framework of relationship between the sustainability factors and performance for railway projects in Malaysia. The results from the literature show that sustainability factors and performance can be categorized under environment, economic, social, engineering/resource utilization and project management.

A continuing increase in demand for infrastructure, with the aim of realising Malaysia’s develope... more A continuing increase in demand for infrastructure, with the aim of realising Malaysia’s developed nation status by 2020, has driven the government to seek smart partnerships with the private sector. In line with existing privatisation policies, the concept of Private Finance Initiative (PFI) was introduced to carry out public projects in the Ninth Malaysia Plan (2006-2010). Yet, there is a lack of participation by the private sector due to difficulties in obtaining project finance. Financial institutions are generally unwilling to provide long-term financing for PFI projects as they suffer from limited liquidity and visibility. Local financing bodies are still relatively inexperienced and doubtful about PFI project financing. Unclear guidelines and regulations, as well as lack of government initiatives to promote such schemes, have also compounded the problem. The objectives of this paper are to identify critical success factors (CSF) influencing the financing of PFI projects and p...

Journal of critical reviews, 2020

Building Information Modelling (BIM) is a modelling technology that is associated with a set of p... more Building Information Modelling (BIM) is a modelling technology that is associated with a set of processes to produce, communicate, and analyse digital information in a construction life-cycle. BIM is important for various stakeholders including contractors to adopt in order to boost project performance. However, the previous report showed that the adoption of BIM among contractors is still low compared to other stakeholders. This is because the contractors have no profound understanding of BIM and its requirements. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to determine the uses of BIM from the contractors' perspective by adopting BIM from the planning phase to the construction phase as well as to determine the reliability and validity of the research instrument. A component questionnaire on Building Information Modelling (BIM) had been developed to determine the uses of BIM among contractors in Malaysia. This study was conducted in Selangor and Kuala Lumpur, which involved 100 respondents, in order to affirm the development of valid and reliable instrument. The reliability test and Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) were used to measure the instrument to produce an empirical verification of the validity and reliability of the questionnaires. Literature search and a pilot study on contractors involved in BIM-based projects were carried out from which the appropriate items were extracted. From these, twenty (20) items remained and were to be completed in the study: fourteen (14) items were BIM uses from the planning to the designing phase and six (6) items were BIM uses in the construction phase. The fourteen (14) items used to measure from the planning to the design phase comprised existing condition, cost estimation, phase planning, programming, site analysis, design review, design authoring, structural analysis, lighting analysis, energy analysis, mechanical analysis, other engineering analysis, sustainability evaluation (LEED), and code validation. Meanwhile, six (6) BIM uses for the construction phase consisted of 3D coordination, site utilizing planning, construction system design, digital fabrication, 3D control and planning, and record model. All twenty (20) items had high reliability index value, which was between 0.7 and 0.8. Accordingly, the factor analysis outcome resulted in two (2) components, obtained with 40.938% of cumulative variance, while the factor loading for each component ranged from 0.5 to 0.7, reflecting the dimension of the two (2) components. Hence, the result obtained proved that the instrument of this study had high reliability and validity.

Advanced Science Letters, 2017

Limited resources in the public sector have initiated the Private Finance Initiative (PFI) involv... more Limited resources in the public sector have initiated the Private Finance Initiative (PFI) involved in the provision of important public infrastructure. The financing is mostly through debt. However, obtaining financing has been difficult, mostly because the PFI possesses high risks associated with substantial capital, long-term concession period and intensive project cash flows during debt repayments. Besides, lack of government initiatives to encourage financial institutions’ participation in providing financing is also an obstacle for PFI development. Therefore, the objective of this research is to assess the government’s roles in enhancing the participation of financial institutions in financing PFI projects. This study highlights Malaysia’s PFI projects by focusing on government-led factors affecting the process of securing PFI project financing. A quantitative method of data collection using the questionnaire survey technique was adopted. Out of the 66 bank managers in Malaysia who received the questionnaire, 15 useable were processed for further analysis. The Relative Importance Index method was used to indicate the relative importance of government-led factors that affect the securing of PFI project financing. The overall results indicate that “well-defined government objective on PFI,” “clarity of government policy,” “PFI project is politically acceptable,” “government’s guarantee of revenue on the services provided,” and “government roles related to approvals and permits,” are the top five important factors that affecting financiers’ decisions on financing PFI projects. The work will be interest to host government while structuring the PFI to improve the current policy and future practices of PFI implementation.

The growth of global railway infrastructure development has encouraged many countries including M... more The growth of global railway infrastructure development has encouraged many countries including Malaysia to develop railway as a key strategy to enhance the national transportation infrastructure and strengthen economic competitiveness. Nevertheless, the development of railway infrastructure projects demands massive land use, high cost, huge resources and time. These demands have great impact on the economy, environment and social wellbeing. Implementation of sustainability factors in transportation infrastructure projects particularly in railway projects has been recognized as an important mechanism to minimize these impacts. Albeit, it is not clear as to what extent do sustainability factors are incorporated in Malaysian railway projects. The objectives of this paper are to identify the importance of sustainability factors in railway projects from the stakeholder’s perceptions and to investigate level of its implementation in Malaysian railway projects. A questionnaire-based surve...

Article history: Received 12 October 2014 Received in revised form 26 December 2014 Accepted 17 J... more Article history: Received 12 October 2014 Received in revised form 26 December 2014 Accepted 17 January 2015 Available online 28 February 2015

887 Published By: Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering & Sciences Publication Retrieval Number:F115... more 887 Published By: Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering & Sciences Publication Retrieval Number:F11530476S319/19©BEIESP Abstract: Public Private Partnership (PPP) has been implemented by many governments around the world as an innovative procurement for development of public infrastructure projects. Since the PPP projects involve large amounts of investment and long concession periods, the projects are associated with high credit risk. Usually, debt portion is between 70% and 95% of project costs. Hence, banks are exposed to credit risk when they are involved in lending to these large projects with long gestation periods. Banks evaluate the creditworthiness of the private company based on quantifiable financial indicators and qualitative elements of the company’s strength. The private company that is lacking in financial capacity, inexperienced in construction, and weak in management capabilities, faces a high probability of failing to secure PPP financing. Therefore, this study aimed ...

Information and technology has produced large changes to construction industry and leads to innov... more Information and technology has produced large changes to construction industry and leads to innovative nations globally. Building Information Modeling (BIM) is one of the IT platforms to rely on the process of planning, design, construction, and operation of a building in 3D dimension to promote collaborative and integration between the parties in the construction projects environment. BIM is defined as a parametric modeling to support project life cycle through relevant data and information shared among project stakeholders. BIM roadmap is a strategic plan by the government of Malaysia to ensure a wider adoption of BIM embraced among industry players. However, despite the existence of strategic implementation plan recently developed by the Government of Malaysia through CIDB, the implementation plan has less emphasis on strategic analysis elements (i.e., capacity, support, and value). Hence, the objective of this paper is to incorporate the strategic analysis elements (i.e., capaci...

The phenomenon of 'international technology transfer' or ITT projects has emerged as an i... more The phenomenon of 'international technology transfer' or ITT projects has emerged as an important business and managerial concern for many developing countries. ITT in construction is seen as an effective mechanism to advance the flow of technological development by acquiring newer technology from abroad in response to a changing economic environment. The concept of ITT in construction organisations could occur simultaneously, involving the flow of imported technology (i.e., knowledge, skills and tools) via construction projects. Thus, the aim of this research is to develop a framework to enhance implementation of International Technology Transfer (ITT) in Malaysian construction projects. Empirical research undertaken by means of Initial Survey among two academicians and three practitioners involved in technology transfer research and projects, followed by Case Studies (by means of semi-structured interviews) among the six (6) Malaysian International Companies with experienc...

Building Information Modelling (BIM) is defined as a parametric modelling of a building containin... more Building Information Modelling (BIM) is defined as a parametric modelling of a building containing a precise and relevant data needed to support the project phase activities. The Building Information Modelling Execution Plan (BEP) however emerges as an important business and managerial concern for BIM projects. BEP is an effective document to describe on how to implement BIM for a particular project across project phase involving the flow of work and data input that need to comply by users. Nevertheless, in Malaysia the lacks of details, ambiguity, fragmentations, and poor knowledge in executing BIM technology have obstructed the building performance. Although the potential benefits of BIM are well documented, the implementation process procedure is still unsystematic and requires a standardised plan complete with expert hands-on to execute BIM in Mega construction projects. Hence, the objectives of this paper are: to investigate the processes of BEP, to identify the information exchange among stakeholders, and to establish strategies to implement BIM in Mega construction projects. The research engaged semi-structured interviews with four respondents from the public and private organisations. Data from the interviews were analysed by using content analysis techniques. The BEP processes have revealed four (4) important elements. These are: BIM goals, BIM Use, responsible parties and decision making. The four (4) information exchanges gathered from BEP processes are: responsible parties, level of development, collaboration, and modelling requirements. Finally, six (6) strategies to implement BIM are: training program, software and hardware, government involvement, and understanding of the full potentials of BIM, participation in standard development and co-ordination workshop. The results of the research provide an insight into the Malaysia construction projects and will provide a valuable guideline in managing BIM for Mega construction projects

Procedia Engineering, 2018

The massive disaster earthquake has triggered Tsunami on 26 December 2004 and shattered capital c... more The massive disaster earthquake has triggered Tsunami on 26 December 2004 and shattered capital city of Banda Aceh. The utmost affected components are infrastructure and services which require further redevelopment initiatives for 'Build Back Better' (BBB) agenda. These initiatives provide an opportunity for Malaysian entrepreneurs to invest for redevelopment projects of Banda Aceh. Inspired by the Construction Industry Transformation Programme (CITP), capitalising on potential market abroad; the aim of the research is to establish business potentials for Malaysian entrepreneurs in Banda Aceh. In order to achieve the aim, the objective of this paper is to identify the critical needs of Acehnese from various sectors (i.e., social economics; amenities, infrastructure and facilities; Legal and Political; and Technology). A-three-month of data collection was conducted in the form of literature search and document analysis from Banda Aceh Master Plan for Rehabilitation and Reconstruction. To underpin the findings, a one-day workshop with expert panels from the Indonesian Central Statistics Agency; government officials from Badan Penanggulangan Bencana Aceh (BPBA) and researchers from Universitas Syiah Kuala, Aceh were employed. The findings revealed four critical business potentials for Malaysian entrepreneurs in Banda Aceh. These are water supply improvement; upgrading sanitation system; energy generation and improvement fisheries services. Collective incentives by Governments of Malaysia, Indonesia and Aceh to assist Malaysian entrepreneurs in terms of law and regulations; tax exemptions and access to financing are required to be more strategic in the transformation of political relations, community recovery, rehabilitation and redevelopment of post-disaster agenda.

Procedia Engineering, 2018

An enormous flood occurrences on the December 2014 has paralyzed almost the entire East-coast of ... more An enormous flood occurrences on the December 2014 has paralyzed almost the entire East-coast of Malaysia, in particular, the district of Kuala Krai, Kelantan. Among others, the utmost affected sector is social which relates to community-based (health; housing; education & cultural heritage) activities. This sector requires a comprehensive rehabilitation and reconstruction for 'Build Back Better' Agenda. The objectives of this paper are: to investigate the damages and losses in social sector; to identify the critical needs of Kelantanese relating to damages and losses; and to establish a strategy of the community empowerment. A-five-month of data collection was conducted through literature search, interviews and workshop. Damage, Loss and Needs Assessment (DaLNA methodology) criteria were used to assess the damages and the losses. To underpin the findings, a semi-structured interview was carried out with seven (7) organisations that were involved in 2014 flooding: Kelantan State Government,

IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2018

Hospital disaster preparedness refers to measures taken by the hospital's stakeholders to prepare... more Hospital disaster preparedness refers to measures taken by the hospital's stakeholders to prepare, reduce the effects of disaster and ensure effective coordination during incident response. Among the measures, non-structural components (i.e., medical laboratory equipment & supplies; architectural; critical lifeline; external; updated building document; and equipment & furnishing) are critical towards hospital disaster preparedness. Nevertheless, over the past few years these components are badly affected due to various types of disasters. Hence, the objective of this paper is to investigate the non-structural components influencing hospital's disaster preparedness. Cross-sectional survey was conducted among thirty-one (31) Malaysian hospital's employees. A total of 6 main constructs with 107 non-structural components were analysed and ranked by using SPSS and Relative Importance Index (RII). The results revealed that 6 main constructs (i.e. medical laboratory equipment & supplies; architectural; critical lifeline; external; updated building document; and equipment & furnishing) are rated as 'very critical' by the respondents. Among others, availability of medical laboratory equipment and supplies for diagnostic and equipment was ranked first. The results could serve as indicators for the public hospitals to improve its disaster preparedness in terms of planning, organising, knowledge training, equipment, exercising, evaluating and corrective actions through non-structural components.

Asian Journal of Quality of Life, 2018

Technically, safety planning and project execution planning has been carried out separately for m... more Technically, safety planning and project execution planning has been carried out separately for most BIM-based projects. As such, it leads to difficulties in monitor these planning simultaneously during construction phase. In this regards, the Automated Safety Rule Checking (ASRC) system is perceived to distinguish fall hazards by integrating the system in the existing BIM-model. This paper pursues to explore the integration of ASRC system within BIM-based projects in Malaysia. A cross-sectional survey was employed to large public and private organisations that involved with BIM. The data were analysed by using content analysis technique and revealed that ASRC system is yet to be incorporated into BIM-based projects in Malaysia.

Procedia Engineering, 2018

Disaster resilience hospital (DRH) is the hospital's ability to resist, absorb, accommodate and r... more Disaster resilience hospital (DRH) is the hospital's ability to resist, absorb, accommodate and recover from the effects of a hazard in a timely and efficient manner. DRH includes the preservation and restoration of the hospital's essential basic structures and functions. Resilience (i.e. robustness; redundancy; resourcefulness; and rapidity) could be achieved through enhancement of preparedness attributes in terms of structural, non-structural and functional measures. However, over the past few years there is a growing body of evidence to show that the impacts of disasters are affecting negatively towards public hospitals in Malaysia. It is believed that to a certain extent the preparedness attributes of hospitals towards disaster resilience are insufficient. Hence, the purpose of this paper is twofold: to investigate the hospital preparedness attributes and resilience indicators; and to establish relationship of preparedness attributes towards hospital's resilience. Cross-sectional survey was conducted among twenty six (26) Malaysian hospitals' staff. A total 243 preparedness attributes (structural-21; non-structural-107; and functional-115) and 23 resilience indicators (robustness-5; redundancy-5; resourcefulness-6; and rapidity-7) were subjected to non-parametric Spearman Correlation. The results revealed that 17 preparedness attributes and 23 resilience indicators are rated 'very critical' by the respondents by which human resources & training and ability to adapt in a timely manner are ranked first. In addition, non-structural preparedness presented greater strength of correlation towards robustness; redundancy; and resourcefulness. On the contrary, the functional attributes showed higher correlation towards rapidity. The results could serve as indicators for the public hospital's stakeholders in Malaysia to improve its preparedness and enhancing its resilience.

IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2018

BIM governance assessment instrument is a process of analysing the importance in developing BIM g... more BIM governance assessment instrument is a process of analysing the importance in developing BIM governance solution to tackle the existing problems during team collaboration in BIM-based projects. Despite the deployment of integrative technologies in construction industry particularly BIM, it is still insufficient compare to other sectors. Several studies have been established the requirements of BIM implementation concerning all technical and nontechnical BIM adoption issues. However, the data are regarded as inadequate to develop a BIM governance framework. Hence, the objective of the paper is to evaluate the content validity of the BIM governance instrument prior to the main data collection. Two methods were employed in the form of literature review and questionnaire survey. Based on the literature review, 273 items with six main constructs are suggested to be incorporated in the BIM governance instrument. The Content Validity Ratio (CVR) scores revealed that 202 out of 273 items are considered as the utmost critical by the content experts. The findings for Item Level Content Validity Index (I-CVI) and Modified Kappa Coefficient however revealed that 257 items in BIM governance instrument are appropriate and excellent. The instrument is highly reliable for future strategies and the development of BIM projects in Malaysia.

Indian Journal of Science and Technology, 2018

Objectives: In Malaysia, under the Public Private Partnership (PPP/PFI) financing arrangement, th... more Objectives: In Malaysia, under the Public Private Partnership (PPP/PFI) financing arrangement, the private company has to secure large project funding for the development of public infrastructure projects. The reasons are due to the unfavorable financial market conditions, lack available banks offering long-term financing, less attractive lending terms, and higher interest rates could hinder the private company to obtain capital funding. This paper aims to investigate sources of financing for PPP/PFI projects in Malaysia and to identify barriers involved in the PPP/PFI financing. Method: A qualitative method of data collection was employed. A semi-structured interview has been conducted among the three key players involved in the PPP/PFI projects: bank, public authority and private company resulted of 22 participants from 16 PPP/PFI projects in Malaysia. A computer aided qualitative data analysis software ALTAS.ti was used for data analysis. Findings: The findings revealed that most of the Malaysian PPP/PFI infrastructure projects are associated with high project cost amounting up to RM6 billion and the debt-equity ratios are in the range of 80:20 and 90:10. This demand the private company to restructure the PPP/PFI project financing through a combination of few sources, debts (i.e., Sukuk, bond, syndicated term loan, and government support loan) and shareholders' equity. Furthermore, the financing constraints are affected due to the complexity in credit assessment, high financing costs and limited suitable financing facilities. Improvements: For future research, the viability of the PPP/PFI projects and the strength of the private company are inevitable to secure good financing from respective banks. A framework of 'securing project finance for PPP/PFI projects in Malaysia' will be developed in detail consisting of four components: sources of financing; critical factors; securing financing strategy and success securing finance. It is believed that the framework could assist private construction company in obtain financing for their future infrastructure projects.

Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2016

In the last decade, both natural and man-made disaster events in Malaysia bring hindrance to cons... more In the last decade, both natural and man-made disaster events in Malaysia bring hindrance to construction firms' operations. Disaster events causing stress, anxiety and depression among people which leads to lose of working days. This research reports on psychosocial environment factors to private construction firms in the event of disaster. A semi-structured interviews were conducted among six (6) construction firms and the data were analysed using content analysis. The findings revealed that three (3) psychosocial environment factors (i.e., job characteristics; role in organisations; and social aspects) affected by man-made disasters; while job prospect and organisational factors distressed by natural disasters.

Environment-Behaviour Proceedings Journal, 2016

Project Financing Initiative (PFI) projects require the private sector to invest an enormous amou... more Project Financing Initiative (PFI) projects require the private sector to invest an enormous amount of capital for the development of public projects. The private sector has to seek cost-effective financing sources for their survival in the long-term concession. Conventional financing uses widely; however, Islamic financing promises better financing through profit and loss sharing. This paper reviews financing preferences for PFI projects and the factors influencing the choice of funding. The results show that religious perspective, quality of services, financing facilities and reputation are the factors that are expected will influence the financing preference behaviour, either Islamic or conventional finance.