DR. NURUL HANNIM ZAIDUN | Universiti Teknologi Mara (original) (raw)
Papers by DR. NURUL HANNIM ZAIDUN
Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, Oct 10, 2022
Introduction: Anatomy is perceived to be an onerous subject as it contains complex information th... more Introduction: Anatomy is perceived to be an onerous subject as it contains complex information that necessitates three-dimensional visualization to comprehend. During COVID-19 pandemic, there was a paradigm shift to online distance learning including practical sessions. Innovative instructional techniques of learning anatomy are clearly needed.Methods: An e-Anatomy kit composing of 5 components: i) pre-recorded cadaveric demonstrations, ii) Complete Anatomy application, iii) interactive diagram labelling, iv) schematic diagram and v) mnemonics were designed to improve the Respiratory Module virtual practical experience of medical students from Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. The students were divided into 2 groups: the control group had regular discussion and the experimental group received an e-Anatomy kit. Pre-and post-test containing Anatomy questions as well as questionnaires regarding student perceptions were also given to the students. Results: There was significant difference between the means of pre-and post-test assessment in both control and e-Anatomy kit groups. There were no differences of post-test assessments between the control and e-Anatomy kit groups. However, in post-test assessments, the mean percentage difference of the e-Anatomy kit group is higher (15.8%) in comparison to the control group (10.3%). The students perceived the e-Anatomy kit as engaging, interesting and effective. Conclusion: e-Anatomy kit is an efficient and engaging approach as an alternative or adjunct to face-to-face anatomy teaching, especially under COVID-19 pandemic.
Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, Oct 10, 2022
Translational Research in Anatomy
Anatomy & Cell Biology
Frontal sinus has unique anatomical features that are distinct to every population. However, the ... more Frontal sinus has unique anatomical features that are distinct to every population. However, the distribution of frontal sinus patterns has yet to be explored in the Malaysian population. This study aimed to describe the distribution of frontal sinus patterns among adult Malaysians. 409 adult Malaysian posteroanterior skull radiographs, consisting of 200 males and 209 females of Malay, Chinese, and Indian races aged between 20-69 years old, were included in the study. The frontal sinus patterns were classified according to total and percentage of presence or absence of frontal sinus, symmetry or asymmetrical (right or left dominant), unilateral absence (right or left), bilateral absence, and lobulation. The findings showed that bilateral presence of frontal sinus is common, in 95.4% of individuals and bilateral absence was noted in 2.7% individuals. Unilateral absence was found in 2.0% of individuals. Asymmetrical frontal sinus was observed in 54.5% of population meanwhile 40.8% showed symmetrical frontal sinus. The majority of individuals, regardless of sex, race, and age, possessed 1 to 3 lobes on both sides of the frontal sinus. The findings suggest that the frontal sinus is highly asymmetric, and the absence of the frontal sinus is rare. This morphological variation provides an insight into the landmarking placement for measurement during forensic application and assists neurosurgeons in surgical procedure to avoid breaching of the frontal sinus.
Drug Discoveries & Therapeutics, 2019
Chronic uncontrolled hyperglycaemia leads to increased oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation re... more Chronic uncontrolled hyperglycaemia leads to increased oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation resulting in vascular complications and accelerates the progression of diabetic atherosclerosis. Though varieties of modern drugs used in the treatment of diabetes, the complications of diabetes are increasing. Naringenin (NG), has been reported to have potent antioxidant and anti-atherosclerotic properties. However, the effects of NG as vasculoprotective agent in prolonged hyperglycaemia are not well documented. Thus, this study was aimed to determine the effect of NG against vascular changes after prolonged hyperglycaemia in a diabetic rat model. Thirty adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were induced with fructose and streptozotocin to develop the diabetic rat model. After 4 weeks, the rats were randomly divided into 5 groups each group consisting of 6 animals: control, control treated with NG, non-treated diabetes mellitus (DM), DM treated with NG and metformin-treated DM. The treatment with NG (50 mg/kg) and metformin were continued for 5 weeks. The results showed that consumption of NG at 4 weeks post diabetic did not improved blood sugar, blood pressure and serum lipid profile. However, NG did significantly improve oxidative stress parameters in the aortic tissue like malondialdehyde (MDA). Analysis through light microscopy and transmission electron microscope (TEM) reverted the histological changes caused by prolonged hyperglycaemia. The findings thus demonstrated that introduction of NG after prolonged exposure to hyperglycaemia improved the vascular deterioration in diabetic group by decreasing oxidative stress evident by the reduced in the lipid peroxidation activity. Thus, this study showed the potential use of NG as adjunct in managing the diabetic condition during late presentation.
Life Sciences, 2018
The incidence of diseases related to oxidative stress disorders have been increased dramatically.... more The incidence of diseases related to oxidative stress disorders have been increased dramatically. Alternatives medicine or the active compound extracted from the natural products received great attention among researches at the present era. Naringenin (NG), a common dietary flavanone, found in the citrus fruits such as oranges, bergamots, lemons and grapefruit. It is used in the several oxidative stress disorders as the nutraceutical value of the compound emerges. Functionally, the antioxidants effect of NG is primarily attributed by reducing the free radical like reactive oxygen species (ROS) and enhancing the antioxidants activity such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione (GSH) in chronic diseases such as cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, diabetes, pulmonary, cancer and nephropathy. The present review article summarised the antioxidant property of NG and its molecular mechanism towards such diseases. Pubmed, Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Science and Google scholar were searched using the terms 'naringenin', 'oxidative stress disorders', 'naringenin and cardiovascular diseases', 'naringenin and diabetes mellitus', 'naringenin and neurodegenerative diseases', 'naringenin and pulmonary diseases', 'naringenin and cancer' and 'naringenin and nephropathy'. There has been special attention on evaluating anti-oxidative effect of NG on neurodegenerative diseases. Although some mechanisms of action remain vague, the current review highlighted the potential use of NG as a oxidative stress reliever which can be used as next prophylaxis compound in the treatment of the various oxidative stress disorders.
Current Drug Delivery, 2017
The incidence of diabetes mellitus has increased drastically over the past few decades. This oxid... more The incidence of diabetes mellitus has increased drastically over the past few decades. This oxidant-antioxidant imbalance resulting in complication of diabetes mellitus includes macro- and microvascular complications. Resistance to conventional treatment and patient compliance has paved the way to the usage of effective natural products and supplements. Momordica charantia (bitter gourd) is widely consumed in many parts of Malaysia as a vegetable. Momordica charantia (MC) is mainly used in the management of diabetes mellitus. The present review discusses the literature concerning the antidiabetic and antioxidant properties of MC focusing on the complication of diabetes mellitus along with its mode of delivery. We found that among the whole part of MC, its fruit has been widely studied. The evidence based analysis of the beneficiary effects of MC on the different organs involved in diabetes complication is also highlighted. This review elucidated an essential understanding of different dosage forms of MC supplement in both clinical and experimental studies and appraised the great potential of the protein based MC extract against diabetes mellitus. The review paper is believed to assist the researchers and medical personnel in treating diabetic associated complications.
Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine, 2017
Zika virus is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that represents a public health emergency at the ongoin... more Zika virus is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that represents a public health emergency at the ongoing epidemic. Previously, this rare virus was limited to sporadic cases in Africa and Asia until its emergence in Brazil, South America in 2015, where it rapidly spread throughout the world. Recently, a high number of cases were reported in Singapore and other Southeast Asia countries. A combination of factors explains the current Zika virus outbreak although it is highly likely that the changes in the climate and high frequency of travelling contribute to the spread of Aedes vector carrying the Zika virus mainly to the tropical climate countries such as the Southeast Asia. The Zika virus is known to cause mild clinical symptoms similar to those of dengue and chikungunya and transmitted by different species of Aedes mosquitoes. However, neurological complications such as Guillain-Barré syndrome in adults, and congenital anomalies, including microcephaly in babies born to infected mothers, raised a serious concern. Currently, there is no specific antiviral treatment or vaccine available for Zika virus infection. Therefore, international public health response is primarily focused on preventing infection, particularly in pregnant women, and on providing up-to-date recommendations to reduce the risk of non-vector transmission of Zika virus.
Current Drug Targets, 2017
Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains one of the major leading causes of cancer related morbidity and m... more Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains one of the major leading causes of cancer related morbidity and mortality. Apart from the conventional anti-neoplastic agents, metformin, a biguanide anti-diabetic agent, has recently found to have anti-cancer property. Several studies observed the effect of metformin towards its anti-cancer effect on colon or colorectal cancer in diabetic patients. However, only a few studies showed its effect on colorectal cancer in relation to the non-diabetic status. The present review aimed to highlight the insight into the molecular pathway of metformin towards colorectal cancer in the absence of diabetes mellitus. In CRC-independent of diabetes mellitus, highly deregulation of PI3K/AKT pathway is found which activates the downstream mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Metformin inhibits cancer growth in colon by suppressing the colonic epithelial proliferation by inhibiting the mTOR pathway. Metformin exerts its anti-neoplastic effects by acting on tumour suppressor pathway via activating the adenosine monophosphate.activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway. Metformin interrupts the glucose metabolism by activating the AMPK. Metformin reduces tumour cell growth and metastasis by activating the p53 tumour suppressor gene. In addition to its therapeutic benefits, metformin is easily accessible, cost effective with better tolerance to the patients compared to the chemotherapeutic agents. This review summarised modern findings on the therapeutic applications of metformin on the colorectal cancer with no evidences of diabetes mellitus.
Education in Medicine Journal
The COVID-19 pandemic significantly affects medical education in anatomy. The new learning enviro... more The COVID-19 pandemic significantly affects medical education in anatomy. The new learning environment has lost face-to-face contact, cadaveric dissection and access to anatomy museum which are perceived as the signature methods in anatomy education. E-anatomy kit is a non-conventional teaching modality innovated as an alternative to the gross practical session. The e-anatomy kit was designed to improve the virtual practical experience for first year medical students of the Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. E-anatomy kit consists of: (a) pre-recorded cadaveric demonstration, (b) 3D4Medical Complete Anatomy app, (c) interactive diagram labelling, (d) schematic diagram, and (e) mnemonic. From educational perspective, the e-anatomy kit is in line with the active learning approach and collaborative learning; its instructional design follows the principles of the Cognitive Load Theory. This article describes the components and systematic approach of e-anatomy kit ...
Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, Oct 10, 2022
Introduction: Anatomy is perceived to be an onerous subject as it contains complex information th... more Introduction: Anatomy is perceived to be an onerous subject as it contains complex information that necessitates three-dimensional visualization to comprehend. During COVID-19 pandemic, there was a paradigm shift to online distance learning including practical sessions. Innovative instructional techniques of learning anatomy are clearly needed.Methods: An e-Anatomy kit composing of 5 components: i) pre-recorded cadaveric demonstrations, ii) Complete Anatomy application, iii) interactive diagram labelling, iv) schematic diagram and v) mnemonics were designed to improve the Respiratory Module virtual practical experience of medical students from Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. The students were divided into 2 groups: the control group had regular discussion and the experimental group received an e-Anatomy kit. Pre-and post-test containing Anatomy questions as well as questionnaires regarding student perceptions were also given to the students. Results: There was significant difference between the means of pre-and post-test assessment in both control and e-Anatomy kit groups. There were no differences of post-test assessments between the control and e-Anatomy kit groups. However, in post-test assessments, the mean percentage difference of the e-Anatomy kit group is higher (15.8%) in comparison to the control group (10.3%). The students perceived the e-Anatomy kit as engaging, interesting and effective. Conclusion: e-Anatomy kit is an efficient and engaging approach as an alternative or adjunct to face-to-face anatomy teaching, especially under COVID-19 pandemic.
Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, Oct 10, 2022
Translational Research in Anatomy
Anatomy & Cell Biology
Frontal sinus has unique anatomical features that are distinct to every population. However, the ... more Frontal sinus has unique anatomical features that are distinct to every population. However, the distribution of frontal sinus patterns has yet to be explored in the Malaysian population. This study aimed to describe the distribution of frontal sinus patterns among adult Malaysians. 409 adult Malaysian posteroanterior skull radiographs, consisting of 200 males and 209 females of Malay, Chinese, and Indian races aged between 20-69 years old, were included in the study. The frontal sinus patterns were classified according to total and percentage of presence or absence of frontal sinus, symmetry or asymmetrical (right or left dominant), unilateral absence (right or left), bilateral absence, and lobulation. The findings showed that bilateral presence of frontal sinus is common, in 95.4% of individuals and bilateral absence was noted in 2.7% individuals. Unilateral absence was found in 2.0% of individuals. Asymmetrical frontal sinus was observed in 54.5% of population meanwhile 40.8% showed symmetrical frontal sinus. The majority of individuals, regardless of sex, race, and age, possessed 1 to 3 lobes on both sides of the frontal sinus. The findings suggest that the frontal sinus is highly asymmetric, and the absence of the frontal sinus is rare. This morphological variation provides an insight into the landmarking placement for measurement during forensic application and assists neurosurgeons in surgical procedure to avoid breaching of the frontal sinus.
Drug Discoveries & Therapeutics, 2019
Chronic uncontrolled hyperglycaemia leads to increased oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation re... more Chronic uncontrolled hyperglycaemia leads to increased oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation resulting in vascular complications and accelerates the progression of diabetic atherosclerosis. Though varieties of modern drugs used in the treatment of diabetes, the complications of diabetes are increasing. Naringenin (NG), has been reported to have potent antioxidant and anti-atherosclerotic properties. However, the effects of NG as vasculoprotective agent in prolonged hyperglycaemia are not well documented. Thus, this study was aimed to determine the effect of NG against vascular changes after prolonged hyperglycaemia in a diabetic rat model. Thirty adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were induced with fructose and streptozotocin to develop the diabetic rat model. After 4 weeks, the rats were randomly divided into 5 groups each group consisting of 6 animals: control, control treated with NG, non-treated diabetes mellitus (DM), DM treated with NG and metformin-treated DM. The treatment with NG (50 mg/kg) and metformin were continued for 5 weeks. The results showed that consumption of NG at 4 weeks post diabetic did not improved blood sugar, blood pressure and serum lipid profile. However, NG did significantly improve oxidative stress parameters in the aortic tissue like malondialdehyde (MDA). Analysis through light microscopy and transmission electron microscope (TEM) reverted the histological changes caused by prolonged hyperglycaemia. The findings thus demonstrated that introduction of NG after prolonged exposure to hyperglycaemia improved the vascular deterioration in diabetic group by decreasing oxidative stress evident by the reduced in the lipid peroxidation activity. Thus, this study showed the potential use of NG as adjunct in managing the diabetic condition during late presentation.
Life Sciences, 2018
The incidence of diseases related to oxidative stress disorders have been increased dramatically.... more The incidence of diseases related to oxidative stress disorders have been increased dramatically. Alternatives medicine or the active compound extracted from the natural products received great attention among researches at the present era. Naringenin (NG), a common dietary flavanone, found in the citrus fruits such as oranges, bergamots, lemons and grapefruit. It is used in the several oxidative stress disorders as the nutraceutical value of the compound emerges. Functionally, the antioxidants effect of NG is primarily attributed by reducing the free radical like reactive oxygen species (ROS) and enhancing the antioxidants activity such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione (GSH) in chronic diseases such as cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, diabetes, pulmonary, cancer and nephropathy. The present review article summarised the antioxidant property of NG and its molecular mechanism towards such diseases. Pubmed, Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Science and Google scholar were searched using the terms 'naringenin', 'oxidative stress disorders', 'naringenin and cardiovascular diseases', 'naringenin and diabetes mellitus', 'naringenin and neurodegenerative diseases', 'naringenin and pulmonary diseases', 'naringenin and cancer' and 'naringenin and nephropathy'. There has been special attention on evaluating anti-oxidative effect of NG on neurodegenerative diseases. Although some mechanisms of action remain vague, the current review highlighted the potential use of NG as a oxidative stress reliever which can be used as next prophylaxis compound in the treatment of the various oxidative stress disorders.
Current Drug Delivery, 2017
The incidence of diabetes mellitus has increased drastically over the past few decades. This oxid... more The incidence of diabetes mellitus has increased drastically over the past few decades. This oxidant-antioxidant imbalance resulting in complication of diabetes mellitus includes macro- and microvascular complications. Resistance to conventional treatment and patient compliance has paved the way to the usage of effective natural products and supplements. Momordica charantia (bitter gourd) is widely consumed in many parts of Malaysia as a vegetable. Momordica charantia (MC) is mainly used in the management of diabetes mellitus. The present review discusses the literature concerning the antidiabetic and antioxidant properties of MC focusing on the complication of diabetes mellitus along with its mode of delivery. We found that among the whole part of MC, its fruit has been widely studied. The evidence based analysis of the beneficiary effects of MC on the different organs involved in diabetes complication is also highlighted. This review elucidated an essential understanding of different dosage forms of MC supplement in both clinical and experimental studies and appraised the great potential of the protein based MC extract against diabetes mellitus. The review paper is believed to assist the researchers and medical personnel in treating diabetic associated complications.
Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine, 2017
Zika virus is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that represents a public health emergency at the ongoin... more Zika virus is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that represents a public health emergency at the ongoing epidemic. Previously, this rare virus was limited to sporadic cases in Africa and Asia until its emergence in Brazil, South America in 2015, where it rapidly spread throughout the world. Recently, a high number of cases were reported in Singapore and other Southeast Asia countries. A combination of factors explains the current Zika virus outbreak although it is highly likely that the changes in the climate and high frequency of travelling contribute to the spread of Aedes vector carrying the Zika virus mainly to the tropical climate countries such as the Southeast Asia. The Zika virus is known to cause mild clinical symptoms similar to those of dengue and chikungunya and transmitted by different species of Aedes mosquitoes. However, neurological complications such as Guillain-Barré syndrome in adults, and congenital anomalies, including microcephaly in babies born to infected mothers, raised a serious concern. Currently, there is no specific antiviral treatment or vaccine available for Zika virus infection. Therefore, international public health response is primarily focused on preventing infection, particularly in pregnant women, and on providing up-to-date recommendations to reduce the risk of non-vector transmission of Zika virus.
Current Drug Targets, 2017
Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains one of the major leading causes of cancer related morbidity and m... more Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains one of the major leading causes of cancer related morbidity and mortality. Apart from the conventional anti-neoplastic agents, metformin, a biguanide anti-diabetic agent, has recently found to have anti-cancer property. Several studies observed the effect of metformin towards its anti-cancer effect on colon or colorectal cancer in diabetic patients. However, only a few studies showed its effect on colorectal cancer in relation to the non-diabetic status. The present review aimed to highlight the insight into the molecular pathway of metformin towards colorectal cancer in the absence of diabetes mellitus. In CRC-independent of diabetes mellitus, highly deregulation of PI3K/AKT pathway is found which activates the downstream mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Metformin inhibits cancer growth in colon by suppressing the colonic epithelial proliferation by inhibiting the mTOR pathway. Metformin exerts its anti-neoplastic effects by acting on tumour suppressor pathway via activating the adenosine monophosphate.activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway. Metformin interrupts the glucose metabolism by activating the AMPK. Metformin reduces tumour cell growth and metastasis by activating the p53 tumour suppressor gene. In addition to its therapeutic benefits, metformin is easily accessible, cost effective with better tolerance to the patients compared to the chemotherapeutic agents. This review summarised modern findings on the therapeutic applications of metformin on the colorectal cancer with no evidences of diabetes mellitus.
Education in Medicine Journal
The COVID-19 pandemic significantly affects medical education in anatomy. The new learning enviro... more The COVID-19 pandemic significantly affects medical education in anatomy. The new learning environment has lost face-to-face contact, cadaveric dissection and access to anatomy museum which are perceived as the signature methods in anatomy education. E-anatomy kit is a non-conventional teaching modality innovated as an alternative to the gross practical session. The e-anatomy kit was designed to improve the virtual practical experience for first year medical students of the Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. E-anatomy kit consists of: (a) pre-recorded cadaveric demonstration, (b) 3D4Medical Complete Anatomy app, (c) interactive diagram labelling, (d) schematic diagram, and (e) mnemonic. From educational perspective, the e-anatomy kit is in line with the active learning approach and collaborative learning; its instructional design follows the principles of the Cognitive Load Theory. This article describes the components and systematic approach of e-anatomy kit ...