Naiman Sarip | Universiti Teknologi Mara (original) (raw)

Papers by Naiman Sarip

Pineapple leaf fibres (PALF) are a waste of cultivation which is not only non-carcinogen but it i... more Pineapple leaf fibres (PALF) are a waste of cultivation which is not only non-carcinogen but it is also cost-effective renewable sources. PALF has high cellulose content which can enhance the mechanical properties of natural rubber. This study was conducted to investigate the mechanical properties of natural rubber filled with PALF. Four types of samples with different PALF loadings which were 0, 10, 20 and 30 phr were prepared. 20% phr of PALF gave the highest value in tensile strength, tensile modulus, hardness and elongation at break of the rubber compound. The increase in tensile modulus at 100 and 300% elongation indicated that PALF has improved the stiffness of natural rubber composite. The research shows that PALF fibre-filled natural rubber compound can be good replacement for synthetic fillers in the future since they have been environmentally friendly and promote low cost in production.

4TH INTERNATIONAL SCIENCES, TECHNOLOGY AND ENGINEERING CONFERENCE (ISTEC) 2020: Exploring Materials for the Future, 2021

Preparation and characterization of SiO 2-ZrO 2 : Er 3+ /Yb 3+ thin film deposited on fused silic... more Preparation and characterization of SiO 2-ZrO 2 : Er 3+ /Yb 3+ thin film deposited on fused silica and silicon wafer substrate via sol-gel dip coating technique

4TH INTERNATIONAL SCIENCES, TECHNOLOGY AND ENGINEERING CONFERENCE (ISTEC) 2020: Exploring Materials for the Future, 2021

Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer Rubber (EPDM) waste is a vulcanize rubber waste that content a h... more Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer Rubber (EPDM) waste is a vulcanize rubber waste that content a highly crosslinking molecular structure which makes recycling and waste management of the EPDM waste to be a challenge. Hence, the microwave devulcanization method is one of the most promising method to recycle rubber waste as it gives a uniform heating throughout the rubber waste. The microwave radiation may effectively break the rubber waste crosslink molecular structure. In this study, grind EPDM (G-EPDM) was devulcanize at a different exposure microwave radiation time (3, 5, 7 and 9 minutes) and blended with natural rubber (NR). Then, the blends were characterized for Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), cure characteristics, swelling, and crosslink density. The Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrum of the microwave devulcanized EPDM shows changes after the radiation. The FTIR spectrum of G-EPDM and microwave devulcanized EPDM was focused at wavenumber of 1659 cm-1 (C=C link), 1532 cm-1 (methyl-assisted conjugated double bond), 1392 cm-1 (CH3) and 856 cm-1 (RC=CH2 group). Observed of spectrum changes after the G-EPDM was exposed to the microwave radiation. Meanwhile, the infrared spectrum of NR/G-EPDM and NR/M (5)-EPDM, were studied at wavenumber of 1272 cm-1 , 962.3 cm-1 , and 874 cm-1 and 667 cm-1 indicate the C-N aromatic group, SO bond and C-S bond, respectively. From G-EPDM until 5 minutes exposure times, crosslink density shows an increment pattern of 21.13% conversely swelling of rubber which shows a decrement pattern of 5.14 %.

PROCEEDINGS OF GREEN DESIGN AND MANUFACTURE 2020, 2021

Graphene treated with silane-based silicone was successfully prepared for electrically conductive... more Graphene treated with silane-based silicone was successfully prepared for electrically conductive adhesive application via mechanical stirring process. The objectives of this study were to investigate the mechanical and conductive properties of various graphene loading (0, 1, 3, 5 wt%) filled silicone and determine the effect of silane treatment on graphene reinforcement in silicone electrically conductive adhesive different graphene/silane loading (0, 1, 3, and 5 wt%). Mechanical properties testing has been conducted via hardness test and tensile test whilst conductive properties testing using electrochemical impendence spectroscopy (EIS) and volume resistivity. For hardness testing, GR/APTES regardless of its loading have the higher value of hardness at 60. While as for tensile test, GR/silicone and silicone/GR/APTES show the increment of tensile strength value. Hence, it shows that properties of graphene itself are higher in strength since it does not affect when the pull-out test was carried out. 5% GR/APTES show the high value of tensile stress at 4.05 MPa compared to the untreated GR at 3.5 MPa. The increasing of the GR/APTES shown an improvement to the mechanical properties, due to the surface treatments of APTES itself giving better interaction. Other than that, electrical conductivity increased was found at 1.90E-08 S/cm at 5% GR/APTES, when the percentage of graphene loading increased. This inverse trend is recorded with volume resistivity. The volume resistivity decreased when the GR loading increased, such as 5% GR/APTES was found at 1.10E-3 Ohm.cm−1. Overall, the incorporation of graphene/silane into adhesive improve the mechanical and conductive properties and the optimum value was found at 5 % GR/APTES.

AIP Conference Proceedings, 2018

Poly (vinylideneflouride) (PVDF) thin films were annealed at various annealing temperatures rangi... more Poly (vinylideneflouride) (PVDF) thin films were annealed at various annealing temperatures ranging from 70°C to 170°C. This study demonstrates that PVDF thin films annealed at temperature of 70°C (AN70) showed significant enhancement in their dielectric constant (14) at frequency of 1 kHz in comparison to un-annealed PVDF (UN-PVDF), dielectric constant (10) at the same measured frequency. As the annealing temperature was increased from 90°C (AN90) to 150°C (AN150), the dielectric constant value of PVDF thin films was observed to decrease gradually to 11. AN70 also revealed low tangent loss (tan δ) value at similar frequency. With respect to its resistivity properties, the values were found to increase from 1.98×104 Ω.cm to 3.24×104 Ω.cm for AN70 and UN-PVDF films respectively. The improved in dielectric constant, with low tangent loss and high resistivity value suggests that 70°C is the favorable annealing temperature for PVDF thin films. Hence, AN70 is a promising film to be utilized for application in electronic devices such as low frequency capacitor.Poly (vinylideneflouride) (PVDF) thin films were annealed at various annealing temperatures ranging from 70°C to 170°C. This study demonstrates that PVDF thin films annealed at temperature of 70°C (AN70) showed significant enhancement in their dielectric constant (14) at frequency of 1 kHz in comparison to un-annealed PVDF (UN-PVDF), dielectric constant (10) at the same measured frequency. As the annealing temperature was increased from 90°C (AN90) to 150°C (AN150), the dielectric constant value of PVDF thin films was observed to decrease gradually to 11. AN70 also revealed low tangent loss (tan δ) value at similar frequency. With respect to its resistivity properties, the values were found to increase from 1.98×104 Ω.cm to 3.24×104 Ω.cm for AN70 and UN-PVDF films respectively. The improved in dielectric constant, with low tangent loss and high resistivity value suggests that 70°C is the favorable annealing temperature for PVDF thin films. Hence, AN70 is a promising film to be utilized for application in ...

In this research, the different formulation composition of PVA and PVP were prepared and characte... more In this research, the different formulation composition of PVA and PVP were prepared and characterized as conductive polymer coatings. The research was done by using different loadings of PVP in polymer blends film which were 2.5g, 5.0g, and 7.5g of PVP. The physiochemical properties of these blends films have been studied in detail by FTIR, optical microscopy and impedance spectroscopy. The ionic conductivity was found to be greatly dependent on PVP content. The maximum value of ionic conductivity was given by 7.5g of PVP addition which is 0.30 Scm-1. Highest conductivity of 0.50 Scm-1 at room temperature was achieved for PVA/PVP in a mass ratio of 1:0.75 immersion in 8 M aqueous KOH solution. Optical microscopy revealed a highly ordered surface structure of PVA/PVP polymer blends. FTIR spectra showed that these ionic conductivities may be attributed to the high concentration of KOH that bound to the polymer molecule. The increased in the conductivity with the different composition of PVA/PVP may be utilized as alternative material in application of conductive coatings such as solar panel.

International Journal of Research in Science(ISSN Online: 2412-4389), 2017

Poly (vinylideneflouride)/nano-magnesium oxide (PVDF/MgO) film with 7% MgO loading percentage was... more Poly (vinylideneflouride)/nano-magnesium oxide (PVDF/MgO) film with 7% MgO loading percentage was annealed at various annealing temperatures ranging from 70°C to 150°C. The PVDF/MgO thin film was fabricated using spin coating technique with a metalinsulator-metal (MIM) configuration. The dielectric and electric properties of PVDF/MgO with respect to annealing temperatures was studied. The PVDF/MgO nanocomposites thin films annealed at temperature of 70°C (AN70-PVDF/MgO) showed an improvement in the properties; dielectric constant value of 26 at 1 kHz frequency compared to un-annealed sample (UN-PVDF/MgO), which is 21 at the same frequency. As the annealing temperatures were increased from 90°C (AN90) to 150°C (AN150-PVDF/MgO), the dielectric constant values were found to gradually decreased from 25 to 12 respectively, which was lower than the UN-PVDF/MgO thin films. AN70-PVDF/MgO also produced relatively low tangent loss (tan δ). The resistivity value of AN70-PVDF/MgO was also found to increase from 3.08x10 4 Ω.cm (UN-PVDF/MgO) to 4.55x10 4 Ω.cm. The increased in the dielectric constant, with low tangent loss and high resistivity value suggests that 70°C was the favorable annealing temperature for PVDF/MgO film suitable for the application in electronic devices such as low frequency capacitor.

Advanced Materials Research, 2015

This study employed 7 weight percent (wt.%) of untreated and treated MgO nanofillers incorporated... more This study employed 7 weight percent (wt.%) of untreated and treated MgO nanofillers incorporated into PVDF polymer. The effects of coupling agents (chlorotrimethylsilane and triacetoxyvinylsilane) on the polymorphism of PVDF/MgO nanocomposite were investigated. The PVDF/MgO nanocomposite thin films of untreated and treated MgO nanofillers, with and without the addition of coupling agents were produced via spin coating technique. The average thickness recorded for these films was 300 nm thick. ATR-FTIR was conducted to investigate the changes in polymorphism of PVDF/MgO nanocomposite thin films. The results shows that PVDF/MgO (Chlorotriemethylvinylsilane) indicates better compatibility than PVDF/MgO, with sharp and distinguished absorption band at 840 cm-1, indicating high content of PVDF, β-crystals.

Advanced Materials Research, 2015

The enhancement of ferroelectric and dielectric properties of PVDF-TrFE by incorporating various ... more The enhancement of ferroelectric and dielectric properties of PVDF-TrFE by incorporating various percentages of Magnesium Oxide (1 – 7%) for spin coated nanocomposite thin film was demonstrated. Observations showed uniform distribution and low agglomeration of MgO in the PVDF-TrFE nanocomposite thin film, especially for 3% MgO. Additionally, the 3% MgO incorporated into PVDF-TrFE had generated the highest Pr (88 mC/m2) and dielectric constant (13.6) in comparison other percentage compositions. However, the addition of more than 3% MgO filler loading caused a reduction in the ferroelectric and dielectric properties of the nanocomposite thin films.

Advanced Materials Research, 2015

Poly (vinylideneflouride)/nanomagnesium oxide (PVDF/MgO) film with MgO loading percentage of 7% w... more Poly (vinylideneflouride)/nanomagnesium oxide (PVDF/MgO) film with MgO loading percentage of 7% were annealed with various annealing temperatures ranging from 70°C to 170°C. The PVDF/MgO(7%) thin films were fabricated using spin coating technique with metal-insulator-metal (MIM) configuration and the dielectric constant of PVDF/MgO(7%) with respect to annealing temperatures was studied. The PVDF/MgO nanocomposite thin films annealed at temperature of 70°C (AN70) showed an improvement in the dielectric constant of 27 at 103 Hz compared to un-annealed sample (UN), which is 21 at the same frequency. As the annealing temperatures were increased from 90°C (AN90) to 150oC (AN150), the dielectric constant of PVDF/MgO(7%) were found to gradually decreased from 25 to 12 respectively, interestingly lower than the UN thin films. AN70 also produced low value of tangent loss (tan δ) at frequency of 103 Hz. The resistivity value of AN70 was also found to increase from 3.08×104Ω.cm (UN-PVDF) to 1....

Advanced Materials Research, 2015

The impact of surface plasma modification on PVDF-TrFE film with different exposure time was inve... more The impact of surface plasma modification on PVDF-TrFE film with different exposure time was investigated using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The main emphasis of this study was to optimize the exposure time of argon plasma on the surface of PVDF-TrFE films The surface of spin coated PVDF-TrFE film was modified with argon plasma at exposure time of 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 min/s. Prior to modification, only small amount of atomic percent (1.92 %) of O1s peak was observed at 540.8 eV, but upon modification, the atomic percent for O1s peak was found to increase to 8.8 %. Meanwhile, the atomic percent for F1s peak observed at 695.3 eV was found to decrease from 70.6 % to 61.2 %. This phenomenon is an indication that plasma modified PVDF-TrFE films were readily oxidized. Importantly, most of the fluorine elements were removed from the modified PVDF-TrFE film surface, which rendered the film favourable for adhesion with other material for coating aplications.

2012 IEEE Symposium on Humanities, Science and Engineering Research, 2012

ABSTRACT The morphology of PVDF-TrFE (70/30) thin film at various annealing temperature were inve... more ABSTRACT The morphology of PVDF-TrFE (70/30) thin film at various annealing temperature were investigated using non-contact mode Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) technique was used to obtain TC, Tm, and TCrys of PVDF-TrFE. The prepared spin coated PVDF-TrFE (70/30) thin films were annealed at TC (113°C), Tm (154°C), TCrys (135°C) and Tc at cooling (55°C) in accordance to the DSC thermogram observed. Impedance Spectroscopy were conducted to study the dielectric characteristic of the thin films in order to substantiate the electrical behavior of the thin films From the results obtained, the thin films exhibited different morphologies depending on the annealing temperatures utilized. Formation of needle-like crsytallite structure was observed film annealed at and over Tm. Thin film re-crystallized at TC has an optimized dielectric constant of ~7.8 at 104 hz.

2012 IEEE Symposium on Business, Engineering and Industrial Applications, 2012

ABSTRACT

Advanced Materials Research, 2014

Poly(vinylidene flouride)/nano-magnesium oxide (PVDF/MgO) nanocomposites with MgO loading percent... more Poly(vinylidene flouride)/nano-magnesium oxide (PVDF/MgO) nanocomposites with MgO loading percentage of (7% wt. %) were annealed with various annealing temperatures ranging from 70°C to 170°C with rapid removal from the oven. From dielectric constant, the samples annealed at temperature of 70°C showed an improvement in the dielectric constant from 21 to 23 at frequency 103 Hz for UN and AN70 respectively. However, as the temperatures were increased, the dielectric constant of PVDF/MgO (7%) was found to decrease. XRD showed the presence of β-phase for PVDF/MgO(7%) sample annealed at 70°C in comparison to unannealed sample, hence PVDF/MgO(7%) film is suitable to be used for low frequency capacitor application.

Advanced Materials Research, 2014

This study investigates the plasma surface modified spin coated PVDF-TrFE (70/30) film of 200nm t... more This study investigates the plasma surface modified spin coated PVDF-TrFE (70/30) film of 200nm thick using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Water Contact Angle (WCA) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The surface of the spin coated PVDF-TrFE film were modified using 13.56 MHz rf Argon plasma. The exposure time of the charged particle on PVDF-TrFE films were varied for 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9mins. Prior to modification, the average surface roughness observed was 3.5nm. However upon modification, the surface roughness was increased to 9.5nm. The contact angle of the surface modified film was reduced from 89° to 58°. The increase in surface roughness and wettability of the modified film provided good biocompatibility. This finding created great interest in developing functional polymer suitable for applications in areas such are biomedical, bio-analytical assays, textile and even food industry.

Advanced Materials Research, 2013

Poly (vinylideneflouride)/nanomagnesium oxide (PVDF/MgO) nanocomposites with MgO loading percenta... more Poly (vinylideneflouride)/nanomagnesium oxide (PVDF/MgO) nanocomposites with MgO loading percentage of 7% were annealed with various annealing temperatures ranging from 70oC to 170oC. The PVDF/MgO(7%) thin films were fabricated using spin coating technique with MIM structure. The dielectric constant of PVDF/MgO(7%) was studied over a wide range of annealing temperatures with rapid removal from the oven once the annealing was utilized. The nanocomposites thin films annealed at temperature of 70oC (AN70) shows an improvement in the dielectric constant of 23 at 103 Hz compared to unannealed sample (UN), which was 21 at the same frequency. However, as the annealing temperatures were increased from 90oC (AN90) to 170o C (AN170), the dielectric constant of PVDF/MgO(7%) were found to decrease from 16 to 7 respectively, which were lower than the UN thin films. AN70 also produced low value of tangent loss at low frequency˼˰˸̱̈́̾˰δ˹˰̴̷̹̹̳̱̹̾̈́̾˰̸̱̈́̈́˼˰̵̷̱̱̼̹̾̾̾˰̱̈́˰temperatures 70oC is favou...

Advanced Materials Research, 2013

The different morphology of 250 nm PVDF-TrFE (70:30 mol%) thin films were observed in relation to... more The different morphology of 250 nm PVDF-TrFE (70:30 mol%) thin films were observed in relation to its ferroelectricity. The annealing temperatures were varied from solvent evaporation (Ts), Curies transition (Tc), up to melting temperature (Tm). It was found that the annealing process promoted the development of elongated crystallite structure also known as ferroelectric crystal, which significantly improved the ferroelectric properties of PVDF-TrFE (70:30 mol%) thin films. However, the presence of nanoscale separations on the thin film annealed over Tm (AN160) suggested high possibility of defects, and hence a reduction in ferroelectric properties of thin films.

Advanced Materials Research, 2012

The annealing temperature of 250nm PVDF-TrFE (70:30 mol%) spin coated thin films were optimized. ... more The annealing temperature of 250nm PVDF-TrFE (70:30 mol%) spin coated thin films were optimized. The annealing temperature were varies starting from solvent evaporation (T s), Curie's transition (T c), up to melting temperature (T m). The result shows that the dielectric constant increases with the increasing of annealing temperature. Supported with the XRD observation indicating there were an improvement in crystallinity consistently with the increasing of the annealing temperature. Morphological properties of the annealed PVDF-TrFE thin films were observed by utilizing Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) at 100k magnification. It can be found that, the annealing temperature promotes the development of elongated crystallite structure which known as ferroelectric crystal. However, the presence of nanoscale cracks on the thin film annealed at 160˚C (AN160, over T m) suggesting high possibility to posed defects while in device applications.

Journal of Applied Sciences, 2012

PVDF-TrFE films with thickness of 200 nm were produced by spin coating with solution concentratio... more PVDF-TrFE films with thickness of 200 nm were produced by spin coating with solution concentration of 30 g/L and spinning rate of 1500 rpm. Surface of treated PVDF-TrFE film with pressure of 0.6 mbar at 9 minutes exposure time showed large elongated crystallite with increased average surface roughness from 3.51 nm to 9.12 nm. Meanwhile surface of PVDF-TrFE film treated with pressure of 0.3 mbar at 9 minutes exposure time showed a very fine crystal growth with average surface roughness of 5.60nm. Contact angle dropped significantly after plasma treatment. Exposure time of 9 minutes showed high reduction of contact angle (33%). Contact angle measurement returned to its original state after 5 days of treatment indicating that the surface with high surface energy was less stable. The FTIR spectrum indicated peaks at 1292, 848 and 885 cm"1 , which showed significant increased in intensity. These peaks represented all trans (TTTT) configurations. These showed that surface treatment h...

Pineapple leaf fibres (PALF) are a waste of cultivation which is not only non-carcinogen but it i... more Pineapple leaf fibres (PALF) are a waste of cultivation which is not only non-carcinogen but it is also cost-effective renewable sources. PALF has high cellulose content which can enhance the mechanical properties of natural rubber. This study was conducted to investigate the mechanical properties of natural rubber filled with PALF. Four types of samples with different PALF loadings which were 0, 10, 20 and 30 phr were prepared. 20% phr of PALF gave the highest value in tensile strength, tensile modulus, hardness and elongation at break of the rubber compound. The increase in tensile modulus at 100 and 300% elongation indicated that PALF has improved the stiffness of natural rubber composite. The research shows that PALF fibre-filled natural rubber compound can be good replacement for synthetic fillers in the future since they have been environmentally friendly and promote low cost in production.

4TH INTERNATIONAL SCIENCES, TECHNOLOGY AND ENGINEERING CONFERENCE (ISTEC) 2020: Exploring Materials for the Future, 2021

Preparation and characterization of SiO 2-ZrO 2 : Er 3+ /Yb 3+ thin film deposited on fused silic... more Preparation and characterization of SiO 2-ZrO 2 : Er 3+ /Yb 3+ thin film deposited on fused silica and silicon wafer substrate via sol-gel dip coating technique

4TH INTERNATIONAL SCIENCES, TECHNOLOGY AND ENGINEERING CONFERENCE (ISTEC) 2020: Exploring Materials for the Future, 2021

Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer Rubber (EPDM) waste is a vulcanize rubber waste that content a h... more Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer Rubber (EPDM) waste is a vulcanize rubber waste that content a highly crosslinking molecular structure which makes recycling and waste management of the EPDM waste to be a challenge. Hence, the microwave devulcanization method is one of the most promising method to recycle rubber waste as it gives a uniform heating throughout the rubber waste. The microwave radiation may effectively break the rubber waste crosslink molecular structure. In this study, grind EPDM (G-EPDM) was devulcanize at a different exposure microwave radiation time (3, 5, 7 and 9 minutes) and blended with natural rubber (NR). Then, the blends were characterized for Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), cure characteristics, swelling, and crosslink density. The Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrum of the microwave devulcanized EPDM shows changes after the radiation. The FTIR spectrum of G-EPDM and microwave devulcanized EPDM was focused at wavenumber of 1659 cm-1 (C=C link), 1532 cm-1 (methyl-assisted conjugated double bond), 1392 cm-1 (CH3) and 856 cm-1 (RC=CH2 group). Observed of spectrum changes after the G-EPDM was exposed to the microwave radiation. Meanwhile, the infrared spectrum of NR/G-EPDM and NR/M (5)-EPDM, were studied at wavenumber of 1272 cm-1 , 962.3 cm-1 , and 874 cm-1 and 667 cm-1 indicate the C-N aromatic group, SO bond and C-S bond, respectively. From G-EPDM until 5 minutes exposure times, crosslink density shows an increment pattern of 21.13% conversely swelling of rubber which shows a decrement pattern of 5.14 %.

PROCEEDINGS OF GREEN DESIGN AND MANUFACTURE 2020, 2021

Graphene treated with silane-based silicone was successfully prepared for electrically conductive... more Graphene treated with silane-based silicone was successfully prepared for electrically conductive adhesive application via mechanical stirring process. The objectives of this study were to investigate the mechanical and conductive properties of various graphene loading (0, 1, 3, 5 wt%) filled silicone and determine the effect of silane treatment on graphene reinforcement in silicone electrically conductive adhesive different graphene/silane loading (0, 1, 3, and 5 wt%). Mechanical properties testing has been conducted via hardness test and tensile test whilst conductive properties testing using electrochemical impendence spectroscopy (EIS) and volume resistivity. For hardness testing, GR/APTES regardless of its loading have the higher value of hardness at 60. While as for tensile test, GR/silicone and silicone/GR/APTES show the increment of tensile strength value. Hence, it shows that properties of graphene itself are higher in strength since it does not affect when the pull-out test was carried out. 5% GR/APTES show the high value of tensile stress at 4.05 MPa compared to the untreated GR at 3.5 MPa. The increasing of the GR/APTES shown an improvement to the mechanical properties, due to the surface treatments of APTES itself giving better interaction. Other than that, electrical conductivity increased was found at 1.90E-08 S/cm at 5% GR/APTES, when the percentage of graphene loading increased. This inverse trend is recorded with volume resistivity. The volume resistivity decreased when the GR loading increased, such as 5% GR/APTES was found at 1.10E-3 Ohm.cm−1. Overall, the incorporation of graphene/silane into adhesive improve the mechanical and conductive properties and the optimum value was found at 5 % GR/APTES.

AIP Conference Proceedings, 2018

Poly (vinylideneflouride) (PVDF) thin films were annealed at various annealing temperatures rangi... more Poly (vinylideneflouride) (PVDF) thin films were annealed at various annealing temperatures ranging from 70°C to 170°C. This study demonstrates that PVDF thin films annealed at temperature of 70°C (AN70) showed significant enhancement in their dielectric constant (14) at frequency of 1 kHz in comparison to un-annealed PVDF (UN-PVDF), dielectric constant (10) at the same measured frequency. As the annealing temperature was increased from 90°C (AN90) to 150°C (AN150), the dielectric constant value of PVDF thin films was observed to decrease gradually to 11. AN70 also revealed low tangent loss (tan δ) value at similar frequency. With respect to its resistivity properties, the values were found to increase from 1.98×104 Ω.cm to 3.24×104 Ω.cm for AN70 and UN-PVDF films respectively. The improved in dielectric constant, with low tangent loss and high resistivity value suggests that 70°C is the favorable annealing temperature for PVDF thin films. Hence, AN70 is a promising film to be utilized for application in electronic devices such as low frequency capacitor.Poly (vinylideneflouride) (PVDF) thin films were annealed at various annealing temperatures ranging from 70°C to 170°C. This study demonstrates that PVDF thin films annealed at temperature of 70°C (AN70) showed significant enhancement in their dielectric constant (14) at frequency of 1 kHz in comparison to un-annealed PVDF (UN-PVDF), dielectric constant (10) at the same measured frequency. As the annealing temperature was increased from 90°C (AN90) to 150°C (AN150), the dielectric constant value of PVDF thin films was observed to decrease gradually to 11. AN70 also revealed low tangent loss (tan δ) value at similar frequency. With respect to its resistivity properties, the values were found to increase from 1.98×104 Ω.cm to 3.24×104 Ω.cm for AN70 and UN-PVDF films respectively. The improved in dielectric constant, with low tangent loss and high resistivity value suggests that 70°C is the favorable annealing temperature for PVDF thin films. Hence, AN70 is a promising film to be utilized for application in ...

In this research, the different formulation composition of PVA and PVP were prepared and characte... more In this research, the different formulation composition of PVA and PVP were prepared and characterized as conductive polymer coatings. The research was done by using different loadings of PVP in polymer blends film which were 2.5g, 5.0g, and 7.5g of PVP. The physiochemical properties of these blends films have been studied in detail by FTIR, optical microscopy and impedance spectroscopy. The ionic conductivity was found to be greatly dependent on PVP content. The maximum value of ionic conductivity was given by 7.5g of PVP addition which is 0.30 Scm-1. Highest conductivity of 0.50 Scm-1 at room temperature was achieved for PVA/PVP in a mass ratio of 1:0.75 immersion in 8 M aqueous KOH solution. Optical microscopy revealed a highly ordered surface structure of PVA/PVP polymer blends. FTIR spectra showed that these ionic conductivities may be attributed to the high concentration of KOH that bound to the polymer molecule. The increased in the conductivity with the different composition of PVA/PVP may be utilized as alternative material in application of conductive coatings such as solar panel.

International Journal of Research in Science(ISSN Online: 2412-4389), 2017

Poly (vinylideneflouride)/nano-magnesium oxide (PVDF/MgO) film with 7% MgO loading percentage was... more Poly (vinylideneflouride)/nano-magnesium oxide (PVDF/MgO) film with 7% MgO loading percentage was annealed at various annealing temperatures ranging from 70°C to 150°C. The PVDF/MgO thin film was fabricated using spin coating technique with a metalinsulator-metal (MIM) configuration. The dielectric and electric properties of PVDF/MgO with respect to annealing temperatures was studied. The PVDF/MgO nanocomposites thin films annealed at temperature of 70°C (AN70-PVDF/MgO) showed an improvement in the properties; dielectric constant value of 26 at 1 kHz frequency compared to un-annealed sample (UN-PVDF/MgO), which is 21 at the same frequency. As the annealing temperatures were increased from 90°C (AN90) to 150°C (AN150-PVDF/MgO), the dielectric constant values were found to gradually decreased from 25 to 12 respectively, which was lower than the UN-PVDF/MgO thin films. AN70-PVDF/MgO also produced relatively low tangent loss (tan δ). The resistivity value of AN70-PVDF/MgO was also found to increase from 3.08x10 4 Ω.cm (UN-PVDF/MgO) to 4.55x10 4 Ω.cm. The increased in the dielectric constant, with low tangent loss and high resistivity value suggests that 70°C was the favorable annealing temperature for PVDF/MgO film suitable for the application in electronic devices such as low frequency capacitor.

Advanced Materials Research, 2015

This study employed 7 weight percent (wt.%) of untreated and treated MgO nanofillers incorporated... more This study employed 7 weight percent (wt.%) of untreated and treated MgO nanofillers incorporated into PVDF polymer. The effects of coupling agents (chlorotrimethylsilane and triacetoxyvinylsilane) on the polymorphism of PVDF/MgO nanocomposite were investigated. The PVDF/MgO nanocomposite thin films of untreated and treated MgO nanofillers, with and without the addition of coupling agents were produced via spin coating technique. The average thickness recorded for these films was 300 nm thick. ATR-FTIR was conducted to investigate the changes in polymorphism of PVDF/MgO nanocomposite thin films. The results shows that PVDF/MgO (Chlorotriemethylvinylsilane) indicates better compatibility than PVDF/MgO, with sharp and distinguished absorption band at 840 cm-1, indicating high content of PVDF, β-crystals.

Advanced Materials Research, 2015

The enhancement of ferroelectric and dielectric properties of PVDF-TrFE by incorporating various ... more The enhancement of ferroelectric and dielectric properties of PVDF-TrFE by incorporating various percentages of Magnesium Oxide (1 – 7%) for spin coated nanocomposite thin film was demonstrated. Observations showed uniform distribution and low agglomeration of MgO in the PVDF-TrFE nanocomposite thin film, especially for 3% MgO. Additionally, the 3% MgO incorporated into PVDF-TrFE had generated the highest Pr (88 mC/m2) and dielectric constant (13.6) in comparison other percentage compositions. However, the addition of more than 3% MgO filler loading caused a reduction in the ferroelectric and dielectric properties of the nanocomposite thin films.

Advanced Materials Research, 2015

Poly (vinylideneflouride)/nanomagnesium oxide (PVDF/MgO) film with MgO loading percentage of 7% w... more Poly (vinylideneflouride)/nanomagnesium oxide (PVDF/MgO) film with MgO loading percentage of 7% were annealed with various annealing temperatures ranging from 70°C to 170°C. The PVDF/MgO(7%) thin films were fabricated using spin coating technique with metal-insulator-metal (MIM) configuration and the dielectric constant of PVDF/MgO(7%) with respect to annealing temperatures was studied. The PVDF/MgO nanocomposite thin films annealed at temperature of 70°C (AN70) showed an improvement in the dielectric constant of 27 at 103 Hz compared to un-annealed sample (UN), which is 21 at the same frequency. As the annealing temperatures were increased from 90°C (AN90) to 150oC (AN150), the dielectric constant of PVDF/MgO(7%) were found to gradually decreased from 25 to 12 respectively, interestingly lower than the UN thin films. AN70 also produced low value of tangent loss (tan δ) at frequency of 103 Hz. The resistivity value of AN70 was also found to increase from 3.08×104Ω.cm (UN-PVDF) to 1....

Advanced Materials Research, 2015

The impact of surface plasma modification on PVDF-TrFE film with different exposure time was inve... more The impact of surface plasma modification on PVDF-TrFE film with different exposure time was investigated using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The main emphasis of this study was to optimize the exposure time of argon plasma on the surface of PVDF-TrFE films The surface of spin coated PVDF-TrFE film was modified with argon plasma at exposure time of 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 min/s. Prior to modification, only small amount of atomic percent (1.92 %) of O1s peak was observed at 540.8 eV, but upon modification, the atomic percent for O1s peak was found to increase to 8.8 %. Meanwhile, the atomic percent for F1s peak observed at 695.3 eV was found to decrease from 70.6 % to 61.2 %. This phenomenon is an indication that plasma modified PVDF-TrFE films were readily oxidized. Importantly, most of the fluorine elements were removed from the modified PVDF-TrFE film surface, which rendered the film favourable for adhesion with other material for coating aplications.

2012 IEEE Symposium on Humanities, Science and Engineering Research, 2012

ABSTRACT The morphology of PVDF-TrFE (70/30) thin film at various annealing temperature were inve... more ABSTRACT The morphology of PVDF-TrFE (70/30) thin film at various annealing temperature were investigated using non-contact mode Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) technique was used to obtain TC, Tm, and TCrys of PVDF-TrFE. The prepared spin coated PVDF-TrFE (70/30) thin films were annealed at TC (113°C), Tm (154°C), TCrys (135°C) and Tc at cooling (55°C) in accordance to the DSC thermogram observed. Impedance Spectroscopy were conducted to study the dielectric characteristic of the thin films in order to substantiate the electrical behavior of the thin films From the results obtained, the thin films exhibited different morphologies depending on the annealing temperatures utilized. Formation of needle-like crsytallite structure was observed film annealed at and over Tm. Thin film re-crystallized at TC has an optimized dielectric constant of ~7.8 at 104 hz.

2012 IEEE Symposium on Business, Engineering and Industrial Applications, 2012

ABSTRACT

Advanced Materials Research, 2014

Poly(vinylidene flouride)/nano-magnesium oxide (PVDF/MgO) nanocomposites with MgO loading percent... more Poly(vinylidene flouride)/nano-magnesium oxide (PVDF/MgO) nanocomposites with MgO loading percentage of (7% wt. %) were annealed with various annealing temperatures ranging from 70°C to 170°C with rapid removal from the oven. From dielectric constant, the samples annealed at temperature of 70°C showed an improvement in the dielectric constant from 21 to 23 at frequency 103 Hz for UN and AN70 respectively. However, as the temperatures were increased, the dielectric constant of PVDF/MgO (7%) was found to decrease. XRD showed the presence of β-phase for PVDF/MgO(7%) sample annealed at 70°C in comparison to unannealed sample, hence PVDF/MgO(7%) film is suitable to be used for low frequency capacitor application.

Advanced Materials Research, 2014

This study investigates the plasma surface modified spin coated PVDF-TrFE (70/30) film of 200nm t... more This study investigates the plasma surface modified spin coated PVDF-TrFE (70/30) film of 200nm thick using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Water Contact Angle (WCA) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The surface of the spin coated PVDF-TrFE film were modified using 13.56 MHz rf Argon plasma. The exposure time of the charged particle on PVDF-TrFE films were varied for 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9mins. Prior to modification, the average surface roughness observed was 3.5nm. However upon modification, the surface roughness was increased to 9.5nm. The contact angle of the surface modified film was reduced from 89° to 58°. The increase in surface roughness and wettability of the modified film provided good biocompatibility. This finding created great interest in developing functional polymer suitable for applications in areas such are biomedical, bio-analytical assays, textile and even food industry.

Advanced Materials Research, 2013

Poly (vinylideneflouride)/nanomagnesium oxide (PVDF/MgO) nanocomposites with MgO loading percenta... more Poly (vinylideneflouride)/nanomagnesium oxide (PVDF/MgO) nanocomposites with MgO loading percentage of 7% were annealed with various annealing temperatures ranging from 70oC to 170oC. The PVDF/MgO(7%) thin films were fabricated using spin coating technique with MIM structure. The dielectric constant of PVDF/MgO(7%) was studied over a wide range of annealing temperatures with rapid removal from the oven once the annealing was utilized. The nanocomposites thin films annealed at temperature of 70oC (AN70) shows an improvement in the dielectric constant of 23 at 103 Hz compared to unannealed sample (UN), which was 21 at the same frequency. However, as the annealing temperatures were increased from 90oC (AN90) to 170o C (AN170), the dielectric constant of PVDF/MgO(7%) were found to decrease from 16 to 7 respectively, which were lower than the UN thin films. AN70 also produced low value of tangent loss at low frequency˼˰˸̱̈́̾˰δ˹˰̴̷̹̹̳̱̹̾̈́̾˰̸̱̈́̈́˼˰̵̷̱̱̼̹̾̾̾˰̱̈́˰temperatures 70oC is favou...

Advanced Materials Research, 2013

The different morphology of 250 nm PVDF-TrFE (70:30 mol%) thin films were observed in relation to... more The different morphology of 250 nm PVDF-TrFE (70:30 mol%) thin films were observed in relation to its ferroelectricity. The annealing temperatures were varied from solvent evaporation (Ts), Curies transition (Tc), up to melting temperature (Tm). It was found that the annealing process promoted the development of elongated crystallite structure also known as ferroelectric crystal, which significantly improved the ferroelectric properties of PVDF-TrFE (70:30 mol%) thin films. However, the presence of nanoscale separations on the thin film annealed over Tm (AN160) suggested high possibility of defects, and hence a reduction in ferroelectric properties of thin films.

Advanced Materials Research, 2012

The annealing temperature of 250nm PVDF-TrFE (70:30 mol%) spin coated thin films were optimized. ... more The annealing temperature of 250nm PVDF-TrFE (70:30 mol%) spin coated thin films were optimized. The annealing temperature were varies starting from solvent evaporation (T s), Curie's transition (T c), up to melting temperature (T m). The result shows that the dielectric constant increases with the increasing of annealing temperature. Supported with the XRD observation indicating there were an improvement in crystallinity consistently with the increasing of the annealing temperature. Morphological properties of the annealed PVDF-TrFE thin films were observed by utilizing Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) at 100k magnification. It can be found that, the annealing temperature promotes the development of elongated crystallite structure which known as ferroelectric crystal. However, the presence of nanoscale cracks on the thin film annealed at 160˚C (AN160, over T m) suggesting high possibility to posed defects while in device applications.

Journal of Applied Sciences, 2012

PVDF-TrFE films with thickness of 200 nm were produced by spin coating with solution concentratio... more PVDF-TrFE films with thickness of 200 nm were produced by spin coating with solution concentration of 30 g/L and spinning rate of 1500 rpm. Surface of treated PVDF-TrFE film with pressure of 0.6 mbar at 9 minutes exposure time showed large elongated crystallite with increased average surface roughness from 3.51 nm to 9.12 nm. Meanwhile surface of PVDF-TrFE film treated with pressure of 0.3 mbar at 9 minutes exposure time showed a very fine crystal growth with average surface roughness of 5.60nm. Contact angle dropped significantly after plasma treatment. Exposure time of 9 minutes showed high reduction of contact angle (33%). Contact angle measurement returned to its original state after 5 days of treatment indicating that the surface with high surface energy was less stable. The FTIR spectrum indicated peaks at 1292, 848 and 885 cm"1 , which showed significant increased in intensity. These peaks represented all trans (TTTT) configurations. These showed that surface treatment h...