Zarina Mohd Zain | Universiti Teknologi Mara (original) (raw)
Papers by Zarina Mohd Zain
Environment-behaviour proceedings journal, Mar 13, 2024
International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences
Students' motivation affects their academic performance tremendously. As of today, the im... more Students' motivation affects their academic performance tremendously. As of today, the impact of COVID-19 has shown that the number of dropouts at universities has increased significantly. However, there is a lack of research examining whether students' motivational beliefs might be used to predict their status as dropouts in their studies. This study aimed to assess the level of learners' motivation, which consists of motivational, expectancy, and affective components towards their perceptions of burnout and reasons for dropout. A total of 232 students completed a cross-sectional quantitative survey consisting of questions based on Pintrich and De Groot's (1990) model of learner motivation, Campos, Zucoloto, Bonafé, Jordani, and Maroco (2011) framework for burnout, and Shuja, Ali, Khan, Burki, and Bilal (2022) research on reasons for student dropout. The study's findings show that 1) the levels of learners' motivation, expectancy, and affective components were moderate-high, and 2) the level of learners' perceived burnout was moderate-to-high. 3) The factors affecting dropouts, including the economic crunch, learning difficulties, and other issues, are low to moderate. 4) The Pearson correlation analysis shows a positive relationship between the motivational component and exhaustion, disengagement, e-learning difficulties, and other issues, with the strength of the relationship ranging from moderate to moderately strong. These findings support the hypotheses that predict a significant positive relationship between the motivational component and burnout and reasons for dropout. However, there is no significant relationship between the expectancy and affective components with economic crunch and other issues. The results suggest that interventions aimed at addressing motivational factors could potentially help to alleviate burnout and dropout. Overall, this study highlights the need to address burnout and dropout in e-learning and to consider the impact of motivational, expectancy, and affective factors in developing interventions to mitigate these issues.
International Academic Symposium of Social Science 2022, Sep 7, 2022
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences
Numerous research has explored that human motivations affect learning outcomes significantly. The... more Numerous research has explored that human motivations affect learning outcomes significantly. The main aim of the research was to explore the classroom motivations of undergraduate students from the Faculty of Administrative Science and Policy Studies, Universiti Teknologi MARA through the lens of the Alderfer theory of motivation. In particular, the main objective of the study was to determine how the Alderfer theory, existence, relatedness, and growth influence students' classroom motivation. The research has adopted a correlational and cross-sectional study approach. A total of 424 undergraduate students from 5 academic programs the Administrative Science and Policy Studies participated in the online survey. The questionnaire consisted of 5 sections with 24 items on Alderfer's three components of Existence, Relatedness and Growth. The study's findings show that Existence, Affective and Growth dimensions scored from moderate to high mean scores ranging from 3.5 and above. The correlation analysis shows a strong significant relationship between existence and growth r =.711, p=.000. While a weak positive relationship between existence and relatedness r=.307, p=.000 and growth and relatedness r= .150, p=.002. The study's implication indicates that most undergraduate students a moderate high level of motivation. Hence, to sustain the classroom motivation of the students, continuous psychological, materials and academic support together with training in teaching pedagogy are vital to ensure their academic success.
International Academic Symposium of Social Science 2022
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
GATR Journal of Business and Economics Review
Objective – Issues dealing with security are perhaps the most profound issues since the end of th... more Objective – Issues dealing with security are perhaps the most profound issues since the end of the Cold War in the 1990s. The notion is that the state's security is no longer just threatened by war but also by other circumstances and situations that might still harm the citizen's and states' well-being. In international politics, the realism paradigm considers security challenges in the classic sense that wars and military conflicts are the sole threats to the state. This viewpoint falls under the notion of traditional security. The other concept that governs state security might be more than only weapon battles and wars, and it falls under the idea and paradigm of idealism. Methodology – This paper will highlight a few issues concerning the Non-Traditional Security paradigm (NTS). In the end, the objective of this concept paper is to see the awareness of ASEAN members on the issues of NTS and how they respond to such matters. Findings – A total of 10 informants from dif...
Permintaan terhadap perumahan semakin hari semakin meningkat memandangkan rumah adalah keperluan ... more Permintaan terhadap perumahan semakin hari semakin meningkat memandangkan rumah adalah keperluan asas bagi setiap manusia. Namun, isu berkaitan perumahan seringkali menjadi halangan kepada rakyat untuk memiliki aset ini. Banyak kajian dibuat terhadap sektor perumahan yang menjurus kepada isu berkaitan pemajuan projek seperti projek terbengkalai, lewat atau sakit. Namun kajian terhadap proses awal pemajuan amat terhad seperti isu yang melibatkan kelewatan pemaju dalam mendapatkan kelulusan pemajuan sebelum projek dimulakan. Faktor kelewatan tersebut adalah disebabkan oleh pentadbir yang bertindak atas kepentingan sendiri dengan cara politik atau disebut sebagai politik birokrasi. Hal ini berlaku kerana wujud pengaruh politik dalam proses mendapatkan kelulusan projek selain dari masalah prosedur yang rumit dan membebankan. Walau bagaimanapun, kajian mengenai punca kepada berlakunya faktor tersebut amat jarang dilakukan. Jadi, matlamat kajian ini adalah untuk mengenalpasti punca berlak...
Global Conference on Business and Social Sciences Proceeding, Jun 16, 2022
GATR Global Journal of Business Social Sciences Review
Objective - Local governments in Malaysia are regulated under the Local Government Act 1976 and e... more Objective - Local governments in Malaysia are regulated under the Local Government Act 1976 and each has its power to enact by-laws under their respective administration area. By-law is a formulation of the law under the jurisdiction of local government in performing its duties and functions covering the administrative area that has been identified by the state government. The objectives of this study are to review the extent and the impact of the by-laws implemented by the local government in Kelantan in influencing and shaping the behavior of the local societies and has been conducted as an empirical study. Methodology/Technique - Purposive sampling was used in selecting the targeted respondents in gathering their feedback towards the by-laws implementation and managed to get 76 respondents. Finding - The feedback gathered shows that the local communities are well exposed and giving good responses to the by-laws implementation impact. Kota Bharu Municipal Council of Islamic City (...
Global Business and Social Entrepreneurship Resources, Sep 1, 2017
Jurnal Inovasi Malaysia, 2020
Politics often affects administrative systems, especially when it involves the implementation of ... more Politics often affects administrative systems, especially when it involves the implementation of government policies and programs. The evident can be seen in the housing development sector where frequent interference from members and political parties in administrative affairs has ultimately undermined the effectiveness of the implementation of a housing project. As a result, there are problems with late-backed housing projects, abandoned projects and ill-reported projects every year resulting peoples received direct impact on the problem, so they cannot afford to have a home to be desired. Most of the study in the housing sector focus mainly on identifying the factors and effects of abandoned housing projects but there has no research done on the effectiveness of the initial process involving the process of evaluation and approval by the authorities to initiate housing development projects where this failure has contributed to the issue of current housing development. Does bureaucr...
Environment-Behaviour Proceedings Journal, 2022
Social mobility impacts indigenous people's employment, education, and danger of exclusion. H... more Social mobility impacts indigenous people's employment, education, and danger of exclusion. Hence, this study investigate the impact of health, education, work possibilities, social capital, cultural capital, technological access, social security, and area-based factors on indigenous people's social mobility, which previous research has not explored. For data collection, face-to-face interviews are conducted using Google Meet due to COVID-19 Pandemic. The target groups of the study are Orang Asli from Sungai Raya Village. Findings show the importance of social mobility and how the Malaysian government initiative to help the Orang Asli is visible. Keywords: Indigenous people; orang asli; social mobility; socio-economy eISSN: 2398-4287 © 2022. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility o...
International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 2022
The affective domain has been demonstrated to have a significant influence on student learning. T... more The affective domain has been demonstrated to have a significant influence on student learning. This study examines the learning motivation of students within a higher education context. It introduces the definition of motivation and discusses the significance of motivation in learning. The existing research on motivation for learning is also discussed in light of Vroom's theory. The theory highlighting expectancy, instrumentality and valence is discussed in detail. Human motivation to learn outlines the underlying concepts of expectancy, affective and values are discussed. In doing so, this study explains that motivation for learning is influenced by students' low self-efficacy and control-belief that leads to them second guessing their true ability. Students too have lower affective response in learning motivation as they found taking tests is a daunting process. However, learning motivation is heightened when an extrinsic reward is targeted, and equally hard work is put on for the task that was assigned. The study adopted the quantitative approach where the survey is used as the research instrument. A questionnaire consisting of eight sections on demographic profile, motivation scale; values, expectancy and affective component were posed. The study found that students are highly motivated by extrinsic reward compared to intrinsic reward in their learning. Good grades are still the main attraction in the motivation to learn. However, students are found to be daunted by the thought and experience of going through learning sessions and sitting for assessments. This implies the need to embed more affective components into the curricula.
Kewujudan unsur politik semasa pentadbiran atau ‘Politik Birokrasi (PB)’ sering kali menjadi hala... more Kewujudan unsur politik semasa pentadbiran atau ‘Politik Birokrasi (PB)’ sering kali menjadi halangan kepada pelaksanaan yang berkesan. Objektif penulisan ini adalah untuk menilai unsur PB yang berlaku semasa proses pemajuan projek perumahan kerajaan. Di samping itu, implikasinya terhadap pelaksanaan Dasar Perumahan Negara (DRN) dan cadangan untuk meminimumkan isu PB ini turut dibincangkan. Kaedah kualitatif kajian kes dijalankan secara interaksi bersemuka bersama sepuluh orang informan yang terlibat secara langsung dalam proses pemajuan projek perumahan dan dipilih berdasarkan tiga tingkat kerajaan iaitu kerajaan Persekutuan melalui Kementerian Kesejahteraan Bandar, Perumahan dan Kerajaan Tempatan (KPKT) dan Jabatan Perumahan Negara (JPN), kerajaan negeri iaitu pegawai dari Lembaga Perumahan dan Hartanah Negeri serta Bahagian Perumahan Negeri melibatkan lima negeri yang mencatat kes projek perumahan tertinggi seperti dilaporkan Jabatan Statistik iaitu Selangor, Pulau Pinang, Johor,...
Kerajaan tempatan adalah kerajaan yang paling dekat dengan masyarakat setempat selepas kerajaan n... more Kerajaan tempatan adalah kerajaan yang paling dekat dengan masyarakat setempat selepas kerajaan negeri dan kerajaan pusat. Setiap kerajaan tempatan mempunyai kuasa untuk menggubal undang- undang kecil di bawah pentadbiran masing-masing. Undang- undang kecil merupakan penggubalan undang-undang dibawah peruntukan bidang kuasa kerajaan tempatan dalam melaksanakan tugas dan fungsi meliputi kawasan pentadbiran yang telah ditetapkan oleh kerajaan negeri. Sesetengah undang- undang kecil berperanan dalam membentuk keperibadian masyarakat terutamanya di kawasan kerajaan tempatan yang agak berbeza kandungannya seperti Majlis Perbandaran Kota Bharu-bandaraya Islam (MPKB-BRI) yang initipatinya sangat berlainan dengan perlaksanaan undang-undang kecil kerajaan tempatan di negeri-negeri lain di Malaysia sepertimana dengan perlaksanaan peruntukan undang- undang kecil yang menyarankan penutupan aurat dan pakaian sopan dikalangan peniaga dan premis perniagaan . Tujuan kajian ini dijalankan adalah unt...
The local government is the closest government to the local community and identified as the third... more The local government is the closest government to the local community and identified as the third level of government after the state and federal governments. Each local government has their own power to enact by-laws under their respective administration. By-laws is a formulation of the law under the jurisdiction of local government in performing its duties and functions covering the administrative area that has been identified by the state government. Some of the by-laws play a part in shaping the personality of the community, especially in local government areas which are quite different approach such as Kota Bharu Municipal Council of Islamic Cities (MPKB-BRI). By-laws implemented by MPKB-BRI are very different compared to other states in Malaysia which is the provisions of the by- laws that suggests the aurat closure and appropriate clothing among traders, business premises owners and local communities. The purpose of this study is to review the extent of the by-laws implemente...
Zakat merupakan salah satu rukun Islam yang wajib dilaksanakan oleh setiap Muslim di dunia ini. T... more Zakat merupakan salah satu rukun Islam yang wajib dilaksanakan oleh setiap Muslim di dunia ini. Tanggungjawab ini dilaksanakan atas rasa ikhlas serta dengan niat untuk tujuan pembangunan golongan yang kurang berkemampuan. Masyarakat Muslim kini kurang peka terhadap tanggungjawab pembayaran zakat ini kecuali zakat fitrah yang umum, yang mana dilaksanakan sebelum solat Hari Raya Aidilfitri. Namun pembahagian zakat yang lain kurang mendapat perhatian daripada masyarakat Muslim kini. Kepentingan berzakat masih ramai tidak sedar serta peka terhadap tanggungjawab asas ini. Maka kajian ini dibuat bagi melihat secara umum kesedaran masyarakat Muslim terhadap konsep zakat ini. Objektif umum kajian ini ingin melihat sejauh mana tahap kesedaran masyarakat terhadap tanggungjawab pembayaran zakat. Selain itu, kajian turut akan melihat faktor-faktor yang mendorong kepada kurang peka masyarakat Muslim terhadap pembayaran zakat selain zakat fitrah. Teknik-teknik statistik yang digunakan dalam kajia...
Environment-behaviour proceedings journal, Mar 13, 2024
International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences
Students' motivation affects their academic performance tremendously. As of today, the im... more Students' motivation affects their academic performance tremendously. As of today, the impact of COVID-19 has shown that the number of dropouts at universities has increased significantly. However, there is a lack of research examining whether students' motivational beliefs might be used to predict their status as dropouts in their studies. This study aimed to assess the level of learners' motivation, which consists of motivational, expectancy, and affective components towards their perceptions of burnout and reasons for dropout. A total of 232 students completed a cross-sectional quantitative survey consisting of questions based on Pintrich and De Groot's (1990) model of learner motivation, Campos, Zucoloto, Bonafé, Jordani, and Maroco (2011) framework for burnout, and Shuja, Ali, Khan, Burki, and Bilal (2022) research on reasons for student dropout. The study's findings show that 1) the levels of learners' motivation, expectancy, and affective components were moderate-high, and 2) the level of learners' perceived burnout was moderate-to-high. 3) The factors affecting dropouts, including the economic crunch, learning difficulties, and other issues, are low to moderate. 4) The Pearson correlation analysis shows a positive relationship between the motivational component and exhaustion, disengagement, e-learning difficulties, and other issues, with the strength of the relationship ranging from moderate to moderately strong. These findings support the hypotheses that predict a significant positive relationship between the motivational component and burnout and reasons for dropout. However, there is no significant relationship between the expectancy and affective components with economic crunch and other issues. The results suggest that interventions aimed at addressing motivational factors could potentially help to alleviate burnout and dropout. Overall, this study highlights the need to address burnout and dropout in e-learning and to consider the impact of motivational, expectancy, and affective factors in developing interventions to mitigate these issues.
International Academic Symposium of Social Science 2022, Sep 7, 2022
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences
Numerous research has explored that human motivations affect learning outcomes significantly. The... more Numerous research has explored that human motivations affect learning outcomes significantly. The main aim of the research was to explore the classroom motivations of undergraduate students from the Faculty of Administrative Science and Policy Studies, Universiti Teknologi MARA through the lens of the Alderfer theory of motivation. In particular, the main objective of the study was to determine how the Alderfer theory, existence, relatedness, and growth influence students' classroom motivation. The research has adopted a correlational and cross-sectional study approach. A total of 424 undergraduate students from 5 academic programs the Administrative Science and Policy Studies participated in the online survey. The questionnaire consisted of 5 sections with 24 items on Alderfer's three components of Existence, Relatedness and Growth. The study's findings show that Existence, Affective and Growth dimensions scored from moderate to high mean scores ranging from 3.5 and above. The correlation analysis shows a strong significant relationship between existence and growth r =.711, p=.000. While a weak positive relationship between existence and relatedness r=.307, p=.000 and growth and relatedness r= .150, p=.002. The study's implication indicates that most undergraduate students a moderate high level of motivation. Hence, to sustain the classroom motivation of the students, continuous psychological, materials and academic support together with training in teaching pedagogy are vital to ensure their academic success.
International Academic Symposium of Social Science 2022
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
GATR Journal of Business and Economics Review
Objective – Issues dealing with security are perhaps the most profound issues since the end of th... more Objective – Issues dealing with security are perhaps the most profound issues since the end of the Cold War in the 1990s. The notion is that the state's security is no longer just threatened by war but also by other circumstances and situations that might still harm the citizen's and states' well-being. In international politics, the realism paradigm considers security challenges in the classic sense that wars and military conflicts are the sole threats to the state. This viewpoint falls under the notion of traditional security. The other concept that governs state security might be more than only weapon battles and wars, and it falls under the idea and paradigm of idealism. Methodology – This paper will highlight a few issues concerning the Non-Traditional Security paradigm (NTS). In the end, the objective of this concept paper is to see the awareness of ASEAN members on the issues of NTS and how they respond to such matters. Findings – A total of 10 informants from dif...
Permintaan terhadap perumahan semakin hari semakin meningkat memandangkan rumah adalah keperluan ... more Permintaan terhadap perumahan semakin hari semakin meningkat memandangkan rumah adalah keperluan asas bagi setiap manusia. Namun, isu berkaitan perumahan seringkali menjadi halangan kepada rakyat untuk memiliki aset ini. Banyak kajian dibuat terhadap sektor perumahan yang menjurus kepada isu berkaitan pemajuan projek seperti projek terbengkalai, lewat atau sakit. Namun kajian terhadap proses awal pemajuan amat terhad seperti isu yang melibatkan kelewatan pemaju dalam mendapatkan kelulusan pemajuan sebelum projek dimulakan. Faktor kelewatan tersebut adalah disebabkan oleh pentadbir yang bertindak atas kepentingan sendiri dengan cara politik atau disebut sebagai politik birokrasi. Hal ini berlaku kerana wujud pengaruh politik dalam proses mendapatkan kelulusan projek selain dari masalah prosedur yang rumit dan membebankan. Walau bagaimanapun, kajian mengenai punca kepada berlakunya faktor tersebut amat jarang dilakukan. Jadi, matlamat kajian ini adalah untuk mengenalpasti punca berlak...
Global Conference on Business and Social Sciences Proceeding, Jun 16, 2022
GATR Global Journal of Business Social Sciences Review
Objective - Local governments in Malaysia are regulated under the Local Government Act 1976 and e... more Objective - Local governments in Malaysia are regulated under the Local Government Act 1976 and each has its power to enact by-laws under their respective administration area. By-law is a formulation of the law under the jurisdiction of local government in performing its duties and functions covering the administrative area that has been identified by the state government. The objectives of this study are to review the extent and the impact of the by-laws implemented by the local government in Kelantan in influencing and shaping the behavior of the local societies and has been conducted as an empirical study. Methodology/Technique - Purposive sampling was used in selecting the targeted respondents in gathering their feedback towards the by-laws implementation and managed to get 76 respondents. Finding - The feedback gathered shows that the local communities are well exposed and giving good responses to the by-laws implementation impact. Kota Bharu Municipal Council of Islamic City (...
Global Business and Social Entrepreneurship Resources, Sep 1, 2017
Jurnal Inovasi Malaysia, 2020
Politics often affects administrative systems, especially when it involves the implementation of ... more Politics often affects administrative systems, especially when it involves the implementation of government policies and programs. The evident can be seen in the housing development sector where frequent interference from members and political parties in administrative affairs has ultimately undermined the effectiveness of the implementation of a housing project. As a result, there are problems with late-backed housing projects, abandoned projects and ill-reported projects every year resulting peoples received direct impact on the problem, so they cannot afford to have a home to be desired. Most of the study in the housing sector focus mainly on identifying the factors and effects of abandoned housing projects but there has no research done on the effectiveness of the initial process involving the process of evaluation and approval by the authorities to initiate housing development projects where this failure has contributed to the issue of current housing development. Does bureaucr...
Environment-Behaviour Proceedings Journal, 2022
Social mobility impacts indigenous people's employment, education, and danger of exclusion. H... more Social mobility impacts indigenous people's employment, education, and danger of exclusion. Hence, this study investigate the impact of health, education, work possibilities, social capital, cultural capital, technological access, social security, and area-based factors on indigenous people's social mobility, which previous research has not explored. For data collection, face-to-face interviews are conducted using Google Meet due to COVID-19 Pandemic. The target groups of the study are Orang Asli from Sungai Raya Village. Findings show the importance of social mobility and how the Malaysian government initiative to help the Orang Asli is visible. Keywords: Indigenous people; orang asli; social mobility; socio-economy eISSN: 2398-4287 © 2022. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility o...
International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 2022
The affective domain has been demonstrated to have a significant influence on student learning. T... more The affective domain has been demonstrated to have a significant influence on student learning. This study examines the learning motivation of students within a higher education context. It introduces the definition of motivation and discusses the significance of motivation in learning. The existing research on motivation for learning is also discussed in light of Vroom's theory. The theory highlighting expectancy, instrumentality and valence is discussed in detail. Human motivation to learn outlines the underlying concepts of expectancy, affective and values are discussed. In doing so, this study explains that motivation for learning is influenced by students' low self-efficacy and control-belief that leads to them second guessing their true ability. Students too have lower affective response in learning motivation as they found taking tests is a daunting process. However, learning motivation is heightened when an extrinsic reward is targeted, and equally hard work is put on for the task that was assigned. The study adopted the quantitative approach where the survey is used as the research instrument. A questionnaire consisting of eight sections on demographic profile, motivation scale; values, expectancy and affective component were posed. The study found that students are highly motivated by extrinsic reward compared to intrinsic reward in their learning. Good grades are still the main attraction in the motivation to learn. However, students are found to be daunted by the thought and experience of going through learning sessions and sitting for assessments. This implies the need to embed more affective components into the curricula.
Kewujudan unsur politik semasa pentadbiran atau ‘Politik Birokrasi (PB)’ sering kali menjadi hala... more Kewujudan unsur politik semasa pentadbiran atau ‘Politik Birokrasi (PB)’ sering kali menjadi halangan kepada pelaksanaan yang berkesan. Objektif penulisan ini adalah untuk menilai unsur PB yang berlaku semasa proses pemajuan projek perumahan kerajaan. Di samping itu, implikasinya terhadap pelaksanaan Dasar Perumahan Negara (DRN) dan cadangan untuk meminimumkan isu PB ini turut dibincangkan. Kaedah kualitatif kajian kes dijalankan secara interaksi bersemuka bersama sepuluh orang informan yang terlibat secara langsung dalam proses pemajuan projek perumahan dan dipilih berdasarkan tiga tingkat kerajaan iaitu kerajaan Persekutuan melalui Kementerian Kesejahteraan Bandar, Perumahan dan Kerajaan Tempatan (KPKT) dan Jabatan Perumahan Negara (JPN), kerajaan negeri iaitu pegawai dari Lembaga Perumahan dan Hartanah Negeri serta Bahagian Perumahan Negeri melibatkan lima negeri yang mencatat kes projek perumahan tertinggi seperti dilaporkan Jabatan Statistik iaitu Selangor, Pulau Pinang, Johor,...
Kerajaan tempatan adalah kerajaan yang paling dekat dengan masyarakat setempat selepas kerajaan n... more Kerajaan tempatan adalah kerajaan yang paling dekat dengan masyarakat setempat selepas kerajaan negeri dan kerajaan pusat. Setiap kerajaan tempatan mempunyai kuasa untuk menggubal undang- undang kecil di bawah pentadbiran masing-masing. Undang- undang kecil merupakan penggubalan undang-undang dibawah peruntukan bidang kuasa kerajaan tempatan dalam melaksanakan tugas dan fungsi meliputi kawasan pentadbiran yang telah ditetapkan oleh kerajaan negeri. Sesetengah undang- undang kecil berperanan dalam membentuk keperibadian masyarakat terutamanya di kawasan kerajaan tempatan yang agak berbeza kandungannya seperti Majlis Perbandaran Kota Bharu-bandaraya Islam (MPKB-BRI) yang initipatinya sangat berlainan dengan perlaksanaan undang-undang kecil kerajaan tempatan di negeri-negeri lain di Malaysia sepertimana dengan perlaksanaan peruntukan undang- undang kecil yang menyarankan penutupan aurat dan pakaian sopan dikalangan peniaga dan premis perniagaan . Tujuan kajian ini dijalankan adalah unt...
The local government is the closest government to the local community and identified as the third... more The local government is the closest government to the local community and identified as the third level of government after the state and federal governments. Each local government has their own power to enact by-laws under their respective administration. By-laws is a formulation of the law under the jurisdiction of local government in performing its duties and functions covering the administrative area that has been identified by the state government. Some of the by-laws play a part in shaping the personality of the community, especially in local government areas which are quite different approach such as Kota Bharu Municipal Council of Islamic Cities (MPKB-BRI). By-laws implemented by MPKB-BRI are very different compared to other states in Malaysia which is the provisions of the by- laws that suggests the aurat closure and appropriate clothing among traders, business premises owners and local communities. The purpose of this study is to review the extent of the by-laws implemente...
Zakat merupakan salah satu rukun Islam yang wajib dilaksanakan oleh setiap Muslim di dunia ini. T... more Zakat merupakan salah satu rukun Islam yang wajib dilaksanakan oleh setiap Muslim di dunia ini. Tanggungjawab ini dilaksanakan atas rasa ikhlas serta dengan niat untuk tujuan pembangunan golongan yang kurang berkemampuan. Masyarakat Muslim kini kurang peka terhadap tanggungjawab pembayaran zakat ini kecuali zakat fitrah yang umum, yang mana dilaksanakan sebelum solat Hari Raya Aidilfitri. Namun pembahagian zakat yang lain kurang mendapat perhatian daripada masyarakat Muslim kini. Kepentingan berzakat masih ramai tidak sedar serta peka terhadap tanggungjawab asas ini. Maka kajian ini dibuat bagi melihat secara umum kesedaran masyarakat Muslim terhadap konsep zakat ini. Objektif umum kajian ini ingin melihat sejauh mana tahap kesedaran masyarakat terhadap tanggungjawab pembayaran zakat. Selain itu, kajian turut akan melihat faktor-faktor yang mendorong kepada kurang peka masyarakat Muslim terhadap pembayaran zakat selain zakat fitrah. Teknik-teknik statistik yang digunakan dalam kajia...