Paweł Ostachowski | University of the National Education Commission in Krakow (original) (raw)

Papers by Paweł Ostachowski

Research paper thumbnail of Problems of functioning Polish LPG gas market in the context of the ongoing aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine

Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis. FOLIA 394Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis. Studia Politologica., 2024

The LPG market in Poland is one of the largest in the European Union. It is also ... more The LPG market in Poland is one of the largest in the European Union. It is also the most deweloping market for liquid fuels in the country, which is the result of both attractive prices of this fuel for retail consumers and the growing base of applications of this raw material in other areas of the economy. However, the security of LPG supplies to the Polish market has been changed by the Russian Federation aggression against Ukraine, which began in February 2022. The article looks at this problem, trying to assess whether the actions taken by the government in this area have secured the Polish LPG market sufficiently against a possible suspension of LPG imports from the Russian Federation. The main hypothesis of the work in this case is the claim that the actions of the Polish authorities in this regard from March 2022 to October 2023 remain insufficient, which in the event of a sudden suspension of trade in this raw material originating from the Russian Federation may result in a significant disruption of the market to the detriment of the economy and consumers. The article consists of three parts. The first one informs about the development of the LPG market in Poland before February 24, 2022. Second part of the article characterizes the approach of the Polish authorities to the diversification of the directions of supplies of this fuel between February 2022 and October 2023. Third part refers to a possible scenario of limiting the supplies of this fuel from the Russian Federation as a result of it being subject to EU sanctions or a unilateral decision by the Kremlin in this matter. In this case, theoretical and practical analyzes based on literature, official government announcements, statistical data and media reports were helpful in obtaining an answer to the question posed in the title of the work about the safe operation of the Polish liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) market.

Research paper thumbnail of Budżety obywatelskie miast Opolszczyzny w latach 2019–2021

Research paper thumbnail of Participatory budgets of the cities of the Opole region in 2019–2021

Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis, Dec 20, 2022

The article presents the civic budget as a tool not only for public consultations, but also a spe... more The article presents the civic budget as a tool not only for public consultations, but also a special form of a local referendum influencing the reconstruction of the space of small and medium-sized cities. In this case, it focuses on selected cities and towns of the Opolskie Voivodeship in 2019–2021. Especially such small local governments in Poland are not obliged to create this type of social participation tools. As a result, it is easier for them to give up on it or limit its functioning in response to external turbulences resulting from such phenomena as the COVID-19 pandemic, and currently galloping inflation, or the war in Ukraine. The main hypothesis of the work assumes that civic budgets in the Opole region are characterized by a limited and weakening interest of the
inhabitants, both in submitting projects and voting. Local authorities, on the other hand, strive to gradually reduce the financial possibilities available under this social participation tool. In this case, the verification of the above hypotheses serves both theoretical and practical analysis
of the behavior of local authorities in the field of shaping and implementing the civic budget. For the purposes of analysis and verification of the hypotheses, a sample of 5 out of 36 cities and
towns in the Opole region, with more than 20,000 inhabitants, was selected. residents, where civic budgets operated in 2019–2021. The article uses local data on the implementation of civic budgets in the cities covered by the analysis, as well as archival data and data available as part
of public statistics.

Research paper thumbnail of Bezpieczeństwo ekologiczne w polityce inwestycyjnej gmin powiatu żywieckiego w latach 2011-2015

Przedsiębiorczość i Zarządzanie, 2017

Research paper thumbnail of Ochrona powietrza i klimatu jako przedmiot wydatków inwestycyjnych gmin w wybranych powiatach Małopolski zachodniej w latach 2011–2016 – studium porównawcze

Research paper thumbnail of Ochrona powietrza i klimatu jako przedmiot wydatków inwestycyjnych gmin powiatu pińczowskiego

Rocznik Administracji Publicznej, 2021

Research paper thumbnail of Local Authorities Care for Air And Climate Protection And Its Reflecting in the Expenditure of Communes of the Buski Poviat

Scientific Journal of Bielsko-Biala School of Finance and Law, 2022

The article deals with the issue of local expenditure on air protection and climate, as an expres... more The article deals with the issue of local expenditure on air protection and climate, as an expression of local authorities' concern for these most important environmental problems today. International documents adopted in december 2015 on this issue also echoed in the local space. They intensified the activities of Polish local governments in this matter. The study analyzes the investment activity of local authorities in the field of air and climate protection in the municipalities of the Busko poviat located in the Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in 2015-2018. It highlights the problem of the still limited financial resources of many smaller municipalities, but also the simple façade of the political declarations of local leaders in relation to subsequent actions. It also sees the problem of residents' access to the gas network as one of the barriers that hinder the energy transformation and help to stop climate change. The main hypothesis of the article is that the level of expenditure of the municipalities of the Busko district on air protection and climate has improved, although it still turns out to be insufficient in relation to the existing needs in this area. Its verification has become possible thanks to the use of financial statements covered by the analysis of local governments and data from the Statistical Office in Kielce.

Research paper thumbnail of Specificity, conditions and trends in modern public financial management in Poland

Scientific Journal of Bielsko-Biala School of Finance and Law, 2022

The article deals with the issues of contemporary conditions and trends in public finance managem... more The article deals with the issues of contemporary conditions and trends in public finance management in Poland. Starting from the classic concept of Peter Drucker that management is therefore not a set of individual and isolated activities, but the process of performing certain things with other people, work tries to justify in the first place that public finance is a special area of management, and then present the specific features of this space, which means that the direct implementation of commercial management techniques in it is neither easy nor fully possible. The main hypothesis of the work is the assumption that the processes and management innovations appearing in the commercial sector inevitably cause a slow transformation of management, also in the public sector, towards the optimization of its management processes and cost optimization, as well as the acquisition and use of human resources. The article also emphasizes that public finance in Poland is still a sector characterized by organizational distinctness and expenditure discipline, which limit the full transposition of commercial management models. It also presents the current trends in the management of this sector in a summary, pointing to talent management as one of the possible further ways to improve the functioning of this sector. The way to test the hypotheses of the work in this case are various research methods, both the analysis of the literature on the subject and the analysis of legislation giving an image of the possibilities and limitations of the implementation of managerial management in administration and public finances in Poland.

Research paper thumbnail of Challenges Related to Local Governmental Climate Policy by the Example of Municipalities of the Poviat of Jędrzejów

Central European Papers

The climate policy is currently one of the most discussed issues in Central and Eastern Europe. C... more The climate policy is currently one of the most discussed issues in Central and Eastern Europe. Carbon neutrality, declared by European Union countries to be achieved until 2050, is going to be particularly difficult for such large countries as Poland in the said region. In this paper we focus on the issues related to investments in air and climate protection with particular consideration of the Polish conditions on the level of local government and underline importance of the local government unit of Polish poviat as a convenient area for investment-related cooperation of municipalities, aiming at energy transition of these units into areas friendly for both inhabitants and climate. The research problem is to define most important changes faced by local authorities to implementing in local climate policy. This paper also presents thoughts on development of the idea how to plan local investments to be used in order to achieve energy transition in Poland, it also includes an empirical analysis of investment activity of local authorities in the years 2010-18 in terms of air and climate protection in the poviat of Jędrzejów situated in the Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship. The considerations included in the research part of the paper were based on results of analyses of local documents, financial reports of local governments being analyzed and information contained in publicly available statistical data

Research paper thumbnail of Samorząd terytorialny wobec problemów bezpieczeństwa lokalnego i bezpieczeństwa państwa w Polsce

Wydawnictwo Wyższej Szkoły Finansów i Prawa, 2020

Research paper thumbnail of Budżet partycypacyjny jako wskaźnik aktywności społeczności lokalnych… w przebudowie przestrzeni wybranych miast regionu świętokrzyskiego przed i w czasie pandemii COVID-19

Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis. Studia Politologica, 2021

Streszczenie: Problemem badawczym artykułu jest przedstawienie budżetu partycypacyjnego jako nowo... more Streszczenie: Problemem badawczym artykułu jest przedstawienie budżetu partycypacyjnego jako nowoczesnego narzędzia rekonstrukcji przestrzeni miejskiej w małych miastach i obserwacja ich funkcjonowanie przed i w warunkach pandemii COVID-19. Artykuł skupia uwagę na wybranych miastach województwa świętokrzyskiego w latach 2019-2020. Główna hipoteza pracy zakłada, że czas pandemii COVID-19 utrzymał problem frekwencji związany z udziałem ludności miejskiej w budżecie obywatelskim w Polsce. Aktywność społeczności lokalnej w odbudowie przestrzeni miejskiej przy pomocy budżetu partycypacyjnego, wymaga wieloletniej pracy władz lokalnych, poszerzania wiedzy o jej funkcjonowaniu i korzyściach płynących z udziału w jej tworzeniu i realizacji. Podstawą metodologiczną artykułu jest analiza stosowanych w Polsce metod budżetu partycypacyjnego oraz narzędzi interakcji ze społeczeństwem w celu ich upowszechnienia. W artykule wykorzystano również dane lokalne dotyczące realizacji budżetów obywatelski...

Research paper thumbnail of Air and climate protection in Poland and local expenditure – study of the Kazimierski poviat

ЕNVIRONMENTAL LAW, 2021

Air and climate protection in Poland is one of the hotly discussed topics today. The climate neut... more Air and climate protection in Poland is one of the hotly discussed topics today. The climate neutrality declared by the European Union countries by 2050 will be particularly difficult to implement in this country without limiting carbon dioxide emissions from local sources, such as households. The article focuses on investments of municipal authorities in air and climate protection. They are expensive and, given the multitude of local needs, are still slowly implemented by local authorities. The effect of such a situation is, unfortunately, a slow transformation of the Polish local government space into an environment that is friendly to residents and the climate. The work analyzes the investment activity of local authorities in the field of air and climate protection in the Kazimierz district located in the Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship. These considerations are based on the results of analyzes of local documents, financial statements and information from public statistics.

Research paper thumbnail of Local citizens’ legislative initiative as a tool to strengthen the local legislative inclusive procedure – from idea to formal legislation

Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis. Studia Politologica, 2022

The article is an attempt to characterize and analyze the institution of a civic initiative, by d... more The article is an attempt to characterize and analyze the institution of a civic initiative, by describing its idea, genesis and four legislative paths, the last of which was successful. Pursuant to the 2018 amendment to the local government laws, the right to initiate a legislative procedure may be exercised by residents of all Polish municipalities, poviats and voivodships on an equal basis. The considerations of the article focus on the formal following of the legislative path of the act, which is today the legal basis of the discussed institution, as well as the characteristics of the three previous - ineffective - drafts. The axis of the work is a discussion and dispute in the doctrine and among local government officials, among others, about the legitimacy of introducing this regulation and its final shape. The article uses methods characteristic for research on public policy as well as law and administration studies. The main tool is a comparative analysis of draft legal acts...

Research paper thumbnail of Use of natural gas for heating apartments, as an example of residents care for clean air and climate of the Opolskie Voivodeship in Poland

ЕNVIRONMENTAL LAW, 2020

The paper presents the problem of access to and use of natural gas as a tool to fight for clean a... more The paper presents the problem of access to and use of natural gas as a tool to fight for clean air used to heat apartments by the inhabitants of the Opolskie Voivodeship. Its purpose is to determine the state of development of the gas network in this region as well as the level and rate of increase in the use of blue fuel for heating purposes. These issues, now and in the near future, will affect the possibilities and activities of local authorities in the field of air and climate protection. The article is also looking for an answer to the question about the current state and size of the gas exclusion of municipalities in the Opolskie Voivodeship and the prospect of its full elimination of this phenomenon, without which it seems impossible to complete a full energy transformation of the region, resulting in a departure from coal and wood as energy sources. Researches carried out for the purposes of this article was supported by statistical data collected by units of non-combined government administration and natural gas distributors, and from local authorities of this region. Air and climate protection are now a common topic of discussion at the levels of government and in society. Thanks to the growing interest in this issue, there are more and more tending attitudes also in the Polish public space to involve citizens in solving this problem. One of such decisions is undoubtedly the choice of the method of obtaining thermal energy for heating households. The most obvious alternative in many cases is natural gas. In addition to the increasingly popular renewable energy sources (RES), which draw energy from the sun or wind, it can become a tool for a quick and effective energy transformation. Its competitiveness against electricity or renewable energy is not only supported by the price, but also the possibility of using it regardless of the prevailing weather conditions.

Research paper thumbnail of Regionalne programy wsparcia modernizacji infrastruktury lokalnych jednostek ochrony przeciwpożarowej na przykładzie województwa małopolskiego w latach 2011-2015

Research paper thumbnail of Debt of Polish Local Governments and Assuming its Supplies in the Years 2011-2017

European journal of management, 2019

Research paper thumbnail of Ochrona powietrza i klimatu jako element bezpieczeństwa ekologicznego i aktywności inwestycyjnej gmin Małopolski północno-zachodniej w latach 2010-2016

Research paper thumbnail of Bezpieczeństwo i ochrona przeciwpożarowa w polityce inwestycyjnej gmin Krzeszowice i Zabierzów w latach 2011-2015

Research paper thumbnail of Anarchokapitalizm a państwo narodowe – utopijna wizja czy realna perspektywa przyszłości

Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis. Studia Politologica, 2018

The article will concern anarchocapitalism as one of the currents of contemporary thinkingabout s... more The article will concern anarchocapitalism as one of the currents of contemporary thinkingabout society, the state, and the economy. He also developed his own, utopian view of many, thevision of the socio-political system. Originating in 19th century anarchist-individualist thoughtand classic and neoclassical liberal thought, in spite of appearances in recent years, effectively undermines and undermines the importance of the state as an institution representing thecommunity of citizens. The paper will discuss the main assumptions of anarchocapitalism.It also show how his utopian vision of the world, accelerating the process of globalization, andthe intensifying process of weakening state institutions and undermining its effectiveness bytransnational actors as a regulator of social and economic life.Key words: capitalism, anarchism, state, utopia, libertarianism

Research paper thumbnail of Dyskryminacja dziecka dyskryminacją na całe życie? Sprawozdanie z konferencji naukowej

Rocznik Administracji Publicznej, 2020

Research paper thumbnail of Problems of functioning Polish LPG gas market in the context of the ongoing aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine

Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis. FOLIA 394Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis. Studia Politologica., 2024

The LPG market in Poland is one of the largest in the European Union. It is also ... more The LPG market in Poland is one of the largest in the European Union. It is also the most deweloping market for liquid fuels in the country, which is the result of both attractive prices of this fuel for retail consumers and the growing base of applications of this raw material in other areas of the economy. However, the security of LPG supplies to the Polish market has been changed by the Russian Federation aggression against Ukraine, which began in February 2022. The article looks at this problem, trying to assess whether the actions taken by the government in this area have secured the Polish LPG market sufficiently against a possible suspension of LPG imports from the Russian Federation. The main hypothesis of the work in this case is the claim that the actions of the Polish authorities in this regard from March 2022 to October 2023 remain insufficient, which in the event of a sudden suspension of trade in this raw material originating from the Russian Federation may result in a significant disruption of the market to the detriment of the economy and consumers. The article consists of three parts. The first one informs about the development of the LPG market in Poland before February 24, 2022. Second part of the article characterizes the approach of the Polish authorities to the diversification of the directions of supplies of this fuel between February 2022 and October 2023. Third part refers to a possible scenario of limiting the supplies of this fuel from the Russian Federation as a result of it being subject to EU sanctions or a unilateral decision by the Kremlin in this matter. In this case, theoretical and practical analyzes based on literature, official government announcements, statistical data and media reports were helpful in obtaining an answer to the question posed in the title of the work about the safe operation of the Polish liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) market.

Research paper thumbnail of Budżety obywatelskie miast Opolszczyzny w latach 2019–2021

Research paper thumbnail of Participatory budgets of the cities of the Opole region in 2019–2021

Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis, Dec 20, 2022

The article presents the civic budget as a tool not only for public consultations, but also a spe... more The article presents the civic budget as a tool not only for public consultations, but also a special form of a local referendum influencing the reconstruction of the space of small and medium-sized cities. In this case, it focuses on selected cities and towns of the Opolskie Voivodeship in 2019–2021. Especially such small local governments in Poland are not obliged to create this type of social participation tools. As a result, it is easier for them to give up on it or limit its functioning in response to external turbulences resulting from such phenomena as the COVID-19 pandemic, and currently galloping inflation, or the war in Ukraine. The main hypothesis of the work assumes that civic budgets in the Opole region are characterized by a limited and weakening interest of the
inhabitants, both in submitting projects and voting. Local authorities, on the other hand, strive to gradually reduce the financial possibilities available under this social participation tool. In this case, the verification of the above hypotheses serves both theoretical and practical analysis
of the behavior of local authorities in the field of shaping and implementing the civic budget. For the purposes of analysis and verification of the hypotheses, a sample of 5 out of 36 cities and
towns in the Opole region, with more than 20,000 inhabitants, was selected. residents, where civic budgets operated in 2019–2021. The article uses local data on the implementation of civic budgets in the cities covered by the analysis, as well as archival data and data available as part
of public statistics.

Research paper thumbnail of Bezpieczeństwo ekologiczne w polityce inwestycyjnej gmin powiatu żywieckiego w latach 2011-2015

Przedsiębiorczość i Zarządzanie, 2017

Research paper thumbnail of Ochrona powietrza i klimatu jako przedmiot wydatków inwestycyjnych gmin w wybranych powiatach Małopolski zachodniej w latach 2011–2016 – studium porównawcze

Research paper thumbnail of Ochrona powietrza i klimatu jako przedmiot wydatków inwestycyjnych gmin powiatu pińczowskiego

Rocznik Administracji Publicznej, 2021

Research paper thumbnail of Local Authorities Care for Air And Climate Protection And Its Reflecting in the Expenditure of Communes of the Buski Poviat

Scientific Journal of Bielsko-Biala School of Finance and Law, 2022

The article deals with the issue of local expenditure on air protection and climate, as an expres... more The article deals with the issue of local expenditure on air protection and climate, as an expression of local authorities' concern for these most important environmental problems today. International documents adopted in december 2015 on this issue also echoed in the local space. They intensified the activities of Polish local governments in this matter. The study analyzes the investment activity of local authorities in the field of air and climate protection in the municipalities of the Busko poviat located in the Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in 2015-2018. It highlights the problem of the still limited financial resources of many smaller municipalities, but also the simple façade of the political declarations of local leaders in relation to subsequent actions. It also sees the problem of residents' access to the gas network as one of the barriers that hinder the energy transformation and help to stop climate change. The main hypothesis of the article is that the level of expenditure of the municipalities of the Busko district on air protection and climate has improved, although it still turns out to be insufficient in relation to the existing needs in this area. Its verification has become possible thanks to the use of financial statements covered by the analysis of local governments and data from the Statistical Office in Kielce.

Research paper thumbnail of Specificity, conditions and trends in modern public financial management in Poland

Scientific Journal of Bielsko-Biala School of Finance and Law, 2022

The article deals with the issues of contemporary conditions and trends in public finance managem... more The article deals with the issues of contemporary conditions and trends in public finance management in Poland. Starting from the classic concept of Peter Drucker that management is therefore not a set of individual and isolated activities, but the process of performing certain things with other people, work tries to justify in the first place that public finance is a special area of management, and then present the specific features of this space, which means that the direct implementation of commercial management techniques in it is neither easy nor fully possible. The main hypothesis of the work is the assumption that the processes and management innovations appearing in the commercial sector inevitably cause a slow transformation of management, also in the public sector, towards the optimization of its management processes and cost optimization, as well as the acquisition and use of human resources. The article also emphasizes that public finance in Poland is still a sector characterized by organizational distinctness and expenditure discipline, which limit the full transposition of commercial management models. It also presents the current trends in the management of this sector in a summary, pointing to talent management as one of the possible further ways to improve the functioning of this sector. The way to test the hypotheses of the work in this case are various research methods, both the analysis of the literature on the subject and the analysis of legislation giving an image of the possibilities and limitations of the implementation of managerial management in administration and public finances in Poland.

Research paper thumbnail of Challenges Related to Local Governmental Climate Policy by the Example of Municipalities of the Poviat of Jędrzejów

Central European Papers

The climate policy is currently one of the most discussed issues in Central and Eastern Europe. C... more The climate policy is currently one of the most discussed issues in Central and Eastern Europe. Carbon neutrality, declared by European Union countries to be achieved until 2050, is going to be particularly difficult for such large countries as Poland in the said region. In this paper we focus on the issues related to investments in air and climate protection with particular consideration of the Polish conditions on the level of local government and underline importance of the local government unit of Polish poviat as a convenient area for investment-related cooperation of municipalities, aiming at energy transition of these units into areas friendly for both inhabitants and climate. The research problem is to define most important changes faced by local authorities to implementing in local climate policy. This paper also presents thoughts on development of the idea how to plan local investments to be used in order to achieve energy transition in Poland, it also includes an empirical analysis of investment activity of local authorities in the years 2010-18 in terms of air and climate protection in the poviat of Jędrzejów situated in the Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship. The considerations included in the research part of the paper were based on results of analyses of local documents, financial reports of local governments being analyzed and information contained in publicly available statistical data

Research paper thumbnail of Samorząd terytorialny wobec problemów bezpieczeństwa lokalnego i bezpieczeństwa państwa w Polsce

Wydawnictwo Wyższej Szkoły Finansów i Prawa, 2020

Research paper thumbnail of Budżet partycypacyjny jako wskaźnik aktywności społeczności lokalnych… w przebudowie przestrzeni wybranych miast regionu świętokrzyskiego przed i w czasie pandemii COVID-19

Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis. Studia Politologica, 2021

Streszczenie: Problemem badawczym artykułu jest przedstawienie budżetu partycypacyjnego jako nowo... more Streszczenie: Problemem badawczym artykułu jest przedstawienie budżetu partycypacyjnego jako nowoczesnego narzędzia rekonstrukcji przestrzeni miejskiej w małych miastach i obserwacja ich funkcjonowanie przed i w warunkach pandemii COVID-19. Artykuł skupia uwagę na wybranych miastach województwa świętokrzyskiego w latach 2019-2020. Główna hipoteza pracy zakłada, że czas pandemii COVID-19 utrzymał problem frekwencji związany z udziałem ludności miejskiej w budżecie obywatelskim w Polsce. Aktywność społeczności lokalnej w odbudowie przestrzeni miejskiej przy pomocy budżetu partycypacyjnego, wymaga wieloletniej pracy władz lokalnych, poszerzania wiedzy o jej funkcjonowaniu i korzyściach płynących z udziału w jej tworzeniu i realizacji. Podstawą metodologiczną artykułu jest analiza stosowanych w Polsce metod budżetu partycypacyjnego oraz narzędzi interakcji ze społeczeństwem w celu ich upowszechnienia. W artykule wykorzystano również dane lokalne dotyczące realizacji budżetów obywatelski...

Research paper thumbnail of Air and climate protection in Poland and local expenditure – study of the Kazimierski poviat

ЕNVIRONMENTAL LAW, 2021

Air and climate protection in Poland is one of the hotly discussed topics today. The climate neut... more Air and climate protection in Poland is one of the hotly discussed topics today. The climate neutrality declared by the European Union countries by 2050 will be particularly difficult to implement in this country without limiting carbon dioxide emissions from local sources, such as households. The article focuses on investments of municipal authorities in air and climate protection. They are expensive and, given the multitude of local needs, are still slowly implemented by local authorities. The effect of such a situation is, unfortunately, a slow transformation of the Polish local government space into an environment that is friendly to residents and the climate. The work analyzes the investment activity of local authorities in the field of air and climate protection in the Kazimierz district located in the Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship. These considerations are based on the results of analyzes of local documents, financial statements and information from public statistics.

Research paper thumbnail of Local citizens’ legislative initiative as a tool to strengthen the local legislative inclusive procedure – from idea to formal legislation

Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis. Studia Politologica, 2022

The article is an attempt to characterize and analyze the institution of a civic initiative, by d... more The article is an attempt to characterize and analyze the institution of a civic initiative, by describing its idea, genesis and four legislative paths, the last of which was successful. Pursuant to the 2018 amendment to the local government laws, the right to initiate a legislative procedure may be exercised by residents of all Polish municipalities, poviats and voivodships on an equal basis. The considerations of the article focus on the formal following of the legislative path of the act, which is today the legal basis of the discussed institution, as well as the characteristics of the three previous - ineffective - drafts. The axis of the work is a discussion and dispute in the doctrine and among local government officials, among others, about the legitimacy of introducing this regulation and its final shape. The article uses methods characteristic for research on public policy as well as law and administration studies. The main tool is a comparative analysis of draft legal acts...

Research paper thumbnail of Use of natural gas for heating apartments, as an example of residents care for clean air and climate of the Opolskie Voivodeship in Poland

ЕNVIRONMENTAL LAW, 2020

The paper presents the problem of access to and use of natural gas as a tool to fight for clean a... more The paper presents the problem of access to and use of natural gas as a tool to fight for clean air used to heat apartments by the inhabitants of the Opolskie Voivodeship. Its purpose is to determine the state of development of the gas network in this region as well as the level and rate of increase in the use of blue fuel for heating purposes. These issues, now and in the near future, will affect the possibilities and activities of local authorities in the field of air and climate protection. The article is also looking for an answer to the question about the current state and size of the gas exclusion of municipalities in the Opolskie Voivodeship and the prospect of its full elimination of this phenomenon, without which it seems impossible to complete a full energy transformation of the region, resulting in a departure from coal and wood as energy sources. Researches carried out for the purposes of this article was supported by statistical data collected by units of non-combined government administration and natural gas distributors, and from local authorities of this region. Air and climate protection are now a common topic of discussion at the levels of government and in society. Thanks to the growing interest in this issue, there are more and more tending attitudes also in the Polish public space to involve citizens in solving this problem. One of such decisions is undoubtedly the choice of the method of obtaining thermal energy for heating households. The most obvious alternative in many cases is natural gas. In addition to the increasingly popular renewable energy sources (RES), which draw energy from the sun or wind, it can become a tool for a quick and effective energy transformation. Its competitiveness against electricity or renewable energy is not only supported by the price, but also the possibility of using it regardless of the prevailing weather conditions.

Research paper thumbnail of Regionalne programy wsparcia modernizacji infrastruktury lokalnych jednostek ochrony przeciwpożarowej na przykładzie województwa małopolskiego w latach 2011-2015

Research paper thumbnail of Debt of Polish Local Governments and Assuming its Supplies in the Years 2011-2017

European journal of management, 2019

Research paper thumbnail of Ochrona powietrza i klimatu jako element bezpieczeństwa ekologicznego i aktywności inwestycyjnej gmin Małopolski północno-zachodniej w latach 2010-2016

Research paper thumbnail of Bezpieczeństwo i ochrona przeciwpożarowa w polityce inwestycyjnej gmin Krzeszowice i Zabierzów w latach 2011-2015

Research paper thumbnail of Anarchokapitalizm a państwo narodowe – utopijna wizja czy realna perspektywa przyszłości

Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis. Studia Politologica, 2018

The article will concern anarchocapitalism as one of the currents of contemporary thinkingabout s... more The article will concern anarchocapitalism as one of the currents of contemporary thinkingabout society, the state, and the economy. He also developed his own, utopian view of many, thevision of the socio-political system. Originating in 19th century anarchist-individualist thoughtand classic and neoclassical liberal thought, in spite of appearances in recent years, effectively undermines and undermines the importance of the state as an institution representing thecommunity of citizens. The paper will discuss the main assumptions of anarchocapitalism.It also show how his utopian vision of the world, accelerating the process of globalization, andthe intensifying process of weakening state institutions and undermining its effectiveness bytransnational actors as a regulator of social and economic life.Key words: capitalism, anarchism, state, utopia, libertarianism

Research paper thumbnail of Dyskryminacja dziecka dyskryminacją na całe życie? Sprawozdanie z konferencji naukowej

Rocznik Administracji Publicznej, 2020