Viktor Gjamovski | Ss. Cyril & Methodius University in Skopje (original) (raw)

Papers by Viktor Gjamovski

Journal of Agriculture and Plant Sciences

The content of vitamin C, total phenols, anthocyanins, flavan-3-ols and the fruit antioxidant act... more The content of vitamin C, total phenols, anthocyanins, flavan-3-ols and the fruit antioxidant activity of 6 cherry varieties (Ohridska brza, Ohridska rana, Ohridska crna, Dolga shishka, Dalbazlija and Ohridska bela) was examined. The fruits of autochthonous cherry varieties (Prunus avium L.) averagely contained 12.83 mg% vitamin C, 1386.25 mg/kg FW total phenols, 394.30 mg/kg FW anthocyanins, 69.150 mg/kg FW flavan-3-ols and had antioxidant activity 43.36% inhibition. Some of the autochthonous cherry varieties compared to the proposed standard variety showed higher values in the examined parameters. The highest content of vitamin C and the fruit antioxidant activity were recorded in Dalbazlija and Dolga shishka varieties. The highest content of total phenols had the standard variety Burlat. High content of total phenols was also found in Ohridska rana, Dalbazlija, Ohridska brza and Ohridska crna varieties. Ohridska rana and Ohridska crna varieties had higher content of anthocyanins compared to the standard variety and other autochthonous varieties. A moderate positive correlation was found between the content of anthocyanins and vitamin C. There was a moderate negative correlation between the content of flavan-3-ols and phenols. A very high positive correlation was found between the content of vitamin C and the antioxidant activity, while other chemical compounds had little or no effect on the antioxidant activity of cherry fruits.

The study has been conducted based on the presence of atypical leaf morphology, in relation to le... more The study has been conducted based on the presence of atypical leaf morphology, in relation to leaf shape, size, color, leaf nervation, leaf stem length and leaf stem thickness, as a primary effect product in the first MV1 generation after the gamma radiation with Cz137 on Bigareau Burlat, Pobeda Krimska and Kozerska cherry varieties. The selected leaf radiomorphosys were used as conservative and accurate signs for early detection of somatic mutations caused by radiation. Graft branches were exposed with dosages of 25Gy, 35Gy and 45Gy at the Institute of Radiobiology and Radiopreservation in Sofia. The grafting was performed with dormant buds onto Prunus mahaleb rootstock. The dosage augmentation caused average reduction of leaf dimensions and leaf stem lengths in all of the tested varieties. Also, with the augmentation of the radiation dosage, thepercentage of chlorophyll deficiency leaves increased from 1,1% at 25Gy to 7,4% at 45Gy. An average of 47,5% of the analyzed leaves have ...

The influence of four training systems (Slender Spindle, Northern Holland Spindle, Solax and 'V' ... more The influence of four training systems (Slender Spindle, Northern Holland Spindle, Solax and 'V' system) on the productivity of the apple cultivar 'Braeburn' has been studied. The research was conducted at two experimental orchards located in Skopje and Resen during four consecutive years. The trees were grafted on 'M9 T337' rootstock. The planting distance for Slender Spindle and Solax was 4×1.5 m (1667 trees ha-1), while for Northern Holland Spindle and 'V' system it was 4×1 m (2500 trees ha-1). Following parameters were evaluated: yield tree-1 , yield ha-1 , yield efficiency, and fruit size. The results showed statistically significant differences between years, locations and training systems. Trees trained as Slender Spindle had the highest yield tree-1 , whereas trees trained as 'V' system had the lowest yield. The Northern Holland Spindle was the most productive training system ha-1 , while the Solax system had the lowest yield ha-1. The trees on Solax training system had the highest yield efficiency, while the lowest was observed on Slender Spindle system. The highest values for the fruit weight were obtained from Northern Holland Spindle, whereas the Solax training system gave the lowest values for fruit weight.

Acta Horticulturae, 2016

The use of anti-hail nets is considered as one of the most effective ways to protect orchards fro... more The use of anti-hail nets is considered as one of the most effective ways to protect orchards from hail. The effect of a transparent anti-hail net on the protection of fruits from hail, fruit quality, differentiation of flower buds, and growth of the trees after the hail incidence were evaluated at a pear orchard with cultivars 'Bartlett' and 'Red Bartlett'. The experiment was carried out in a net-covered and uncovered pear orchard located in the northeastern part of Macedonia during 2014-2015. The experimental orchard was established in 2010, with a planting distance of 3.2×1.3 m. From each variant 60 trees in three repetitions were evaluated. After occurrence of the hail, results show high damages on the fruits on uncovered trees in both cultivars. Percentage of fallen fruits on uncovered trees ranged from 40% in 'Bartlett' to 48% in 'Red Bartlett'. Only 5 to 8% of the fruits were undamaged. Most of the fruits have three or more wounds per fruit. On the covered trees maximum protection from hail was obtained. Significant differences concerning growth of the trees and differentiation of flower buds were determined between covered and uncovered trees in both cultivars. Higher differentiation of floral buds, fruit set and productivity had trees covered by anti-hail net. In both cultivars an anti-hail protective net demonstrated its efficiency against hail, increased fruit quality and productivity in the same and in the next production year.

XXVIII International Horticultural Congress on Science and Horticulture for People (IHC2010): International Symposium on Berries: From Genomics to Sustainable Production, Quality and Health, 2012

I Balkan Symposium on Fruit Growing, 2009

This paper presents the results of the several years of research of some characteristics of the n... more This paper presents the results of the several years of research of some characteristics of the namely introduced high quality apple cultivars. The studies have been conducted in the Prespa region, in the orchard established in the spring of 2002. In the investigations the following cultivars were included: 'Mondial Gala', 'Jonagold', 'Rubinstar', 'Pinova', 'Fuji Kiku-8', 'Fuji BC-2', 'Fuji Naga-fu 6', 'Breaburn' type herr, 'Breaburn' type schnieder, 'Pink Lady'. The standard cultivars 'Golden Delicious' and 'Idared' had been used as control. In the period from 2002-2006, the vegetative growth of the trees has been followed (TCSA, crown volume), blossom and ripening of the fruits, bearing (number of fruits and yield) and quality characteristics of the fruits (average weight, content of soluble dry matters and total acids). The research shows that the introduced apple varieties are characterized with different biological and quality polymorphism. Most of the studied cultivars show positive characteristics and can be recommended for mass growing in the Prespa region. Only 'Pink Lady' is not recommended for growing in this region due to its long vegetation.

I Balkan Symposium on Fruit Growing, 2009

This paper presents results from a research on the influence of the planting distance on the vege... more This paper presents results from a research on the influence of the planting distance on the vegetative growth and the yield of apple trees. The experimental orchard was established in the region of Skopje, in 1997, with the 'Jonagold' cultivar, grafted on 'MM 106' rootstock. The investigations were carried out during 1997-2006. The experiment was set with five different planting distances: 4 x 1 m (2,500 trees/ha), 4 x 1.5 m (1,666 trees/ha), 4 x 2 m (1,000 trees/ha), 4 x 2.5 m (1,000 trees/ha) and 4 x 3 m (833 trees/ha). During the ten-years study, the following parameters were observed: tree growth (trunk cross section area and crown volume), bearing (number of fruits and yield per tree) as well as the quality of the fruit (size, content of soluble dry maters and total acids). Based upon the 10-years research, it was concluded that the distance between the trees in the row had a significant influence on their vegetative growth, bearing and quality of the fruits. At the end of the tenth year, the biggest TCSA (166.2 cm 2) was measured in the trees planted at the 4x3 m distance. The biggest crown volume per tree (7.9 m 3) was at the 4 x 3 m planting distances, but the biggest crown volume per hectare (10,250 m 3) was at the 4 x 1 m distances. The least yield per tree was at the 4 x 1 m distances, and the largest yield per tree was at the 4 x 3 m distances. However, the biggest cumulative yield per hectare was from the trees planted at distances of 4 x 1 m. The planting distances of the trees had no significant effect on the fruit quality, except their colouring.

II Balkan Symposium on Fruit Growing, 2013

Scientia Horticulturae, 2011

The influence of nine dwarf apple rootstocks (M.9T 984, M.9T 337, Jork 9, Mark 9, Budagowski 9, M... more The influence of nine dwarf apple rootstocks (M.9T 984, M.9T 337, Jork 9, Mark 9, Budagowski 9, M.9 EMLA, Pajam 1, Pajam 2, and Supporter 4) on the vegetative characteristics, yield and yield efficiency, was evaluated on ‘Granny Smith’ apple variety (Malus domestica Borkh.).The experimental orchard was established in 2004, with a planting distance 3.5m×1.5m, in Prespa region (Resen, R.

The Balkan Pomology - Plums systemize the genetic diversity of plums found in the Balkan region. ... more The Balkan Pomology - Plums systemize the genetic diversity of plums found in the Balkan region. It attractively portrays 75 plum cultivars with detailed descriptions and illustrations. The descriptions are presented in alphabetical order and outline the fruit characteristics of each cultivar, as well as their morphological and physiological traits. In addition, information on origins, known uses and synonims are provided.

GjamoVski, V., m. kiprijanoVski and T. arsoV, 2015. Evaluation of autochthonous ecotype of bitter... more GjamoVski, V., m. kiprijanoVski and T. arsoV, 2015. Evaluation of autochthonous ecotype of bitter almond as peach rootstocks. Bulg. J. Agric. Sci., 21: 624–630 This work presents the results from the study of the important morphological, biological and economic characteristics of 22 eco-types of bitter almond, selected from the rich autochthon population in the republic of macedonia, suitable for use as rootstocks in the peach nursery production. The researches have been made in the period from 2002 2004. The seed used as control is from the almond cultivar texas and seeds from vineyard peach. The research included the pomological and the chemical characteristics of the fruits, the quality of the seedlings, variability of the seedlings and nursery trees and the economical value of the types. The selected types mainly have larger dimensions of the nuts and the kernel respective to the controls. The weight of the Ci-3 type has the largest nuts (5.11 g), whereas the type Ci-2 has the l...

Xviii Savetovanje O Biotehnologiji Sa Međunarodnim Ucescem Zbornik Radova, 2013

I Balkan Symposium on Fruit Growing, 2009

Journal of Agriculture and Plant Sciences

The content of vitamin C, total phenols, anthocyanins, flavan-3-ols and the fruit antioxidant act... more The content of vitamin C, total phenols, anthocyanins, flavan-3-ols and the fruit antioxidant activity of 6 cherry varieties (Ohridska brza, Ohridska rana, Ohridska crna, Dolga shishka, Dalbazlija and Ohridska bela) was examined. The fruits of autochthonous cherry varieties (Prunus avium L.) averagely contained 12.83 mg% vitamin C, 1386.25 mg/kg FW total phenols, 394.30 mg/kg FW anthocyanins, 69.150 mg/kg FW flavan-3-ols and had antioxidant activity 43.36% inhibition. Some of the autochthonous cherry varieties compared to the proposed standard variety showed higher values in the examined parameters. The highest content of vitamin C and the fruit antioxidant activity were recorded in Dalbazlija and Dolga shishka varieties. The highest content of total phenols had the standard variety Burlat. High content of total phenols was also found in Ohridska rana, Dalbazlija, Ohridska brza and Ohridska crna varieties. Ohridska rana and Ohridska crna varieties had higher content of anthocyanins compared to the standard variety and other autochthonous varieties. A moderate positive correlation was found between the content of anthocyanins and vitamin C. There was a moderate negative correlation between the content of flavan-3-ols and phenols. A very high positive correlation was found between the content of vitamin C and the antioxidant activity, while other chemical compounds had little or no effect on the antioxidant activity of cherry fruits.

The study has been conducted based on the presence of atypical leaf morphology, in relation to le... more The study has been conducted based on the presence of atypical leaf morphology, in relation to leaf shape, size, color, leaf nervation, leaf stem length and leaf stem thickness, as a primary effect product in the first MV1 generation after the gamma radiation with Cz137 on Bigareau Burlat, Pobeda Krimska and Kozerska cherry varieties. The selected leaf radiomorphosys were used as conservative and accurate signs for early detection of somatic mutations caused by radiation. Graft branches were exposed with dosages of 25Gy, 35Gy and 45Gy at the Institute of Radiobiology and Radiopreservation in Sofia. The grafting was performed with dormant buds onto Prunus mahaleb rootstock. The dosage augmentation caused average reduction of leaf dimensions and leaf stem lengths in all of the tested varieties. Also, with the augmentation of the radiation dosage, thepercentage of chlorophyll deficiency leaves increased from 1,1% at 25Gy to 7,4% at 45Gy. An average of 47,5% of the analyzed leaves have ...

The influence of four training systems (Slender Spindle, Northern Holland Spindle, Solax and 'V' ... more The influence of four training systems (Slender Spindle, Northern Holland Spindle, Solax and 'V' system) on the productivity of the apple cultivar 'Braeburn' has been studied. The research was conducted at two experimental orchards located in Skopje and Resen during four consecutive years. The trees were grafted on 'M9 T337' rootstock. The planting distance for Slender Spindle and Solax was 4×1.5 m (1667 trees ha-1), while for Northern Holland Spindle and 'V' system it was 4×1 m (2500 trees ha-1). Following parameters were evaluated: yield tree-1 , yield ha-1 , yield efficiency, and fruit size. The results showed statistically significant differences between years, locations and training systems. Trees trained as Slender Spindle had the highest yield tree-1 , whereas trees trained as 'V' system had the lowest yield. The Northern Holland Spindle was the most productive training system ha-1 , while the Solax system had the lowest yield ha-1. The trees on Solax training system had the highest yield efficiency, while the lowest was observed on Slender Spindle system. The highest values for the fruit weight were obtained from Northern Holland Spindle, whereas the Solax training system gave the lowest values for fruit weight.

Acta Horticulturae, 2016

The use of anti-hail nets is considered as one of the most effective ways to protect orchards fro... more The use of anti-hail nets is considered as one of the most effective ways to protect orchards from hail. The effect of a transparent anti-hail net on the protection of fruits from hail, fruit quality, differentiation of flower buds, and growth of the trees after the hail incidence were evaluated at a pear orchard with cultivars 'Bartlett' and 'Red Bartlett'. The experiment was carried out in a net-covered and uncovered pear orchard located in the northeastern part of Macedonia during 2014-2015. The experimental orchard was established in 2010, with a planting distance of 3.2×1.3 m. From each variant 60 trees in three repetitions were evaluated. After occurrence of the hail, results show high damages on the fruits on uncovered trees in both cultivars. Percentage of fallen fruits on uncovered trees ranged from 40% in 'Bartlett' to 48% in 'Red Bartlett'. Only 5 to 8% of the fruits were undamaged. Most of the fruits have three or more wounds per fruit. On the covered trees maximum protection from hail was obtained. Significant differences concerning growth of the trees and differentiation of flower buds were determined between covered and uncovered trees in both cultivars. Higher differentiation of floral buds, fruit set and productivity had trees covered by anti-hail net. In both cultivars an anti-hail protective net demonstrated its efficiency against hail, increased fruit quality and productivity in the same and in the next production year.

XXVIII International Horticultural Congress on Science and Horticulture for People (IHC2010): International Symposium on Berries: From Genomics to Sustainable Production, Quality and Health, 2012

I Balkan Symposium on Fruit Growing, 2009

This paper presents the results of the several years of research of some characteristics of the n... more This paper presents the results of the several years of research of some characteristics of the namely introduced high quality apple cultivars. The studies have been conducted in the Prespa region, in the orchard established in the spring of 2002. In the investigations the following cultivars were included: 'Mondial Gala', 'Jonagold', 'Rubinstar', 'Pinova', 'Fuji Kiku-8', 'Fuji BC-2', 'Fuji Naga-fu 6', 'Breaburn' type herr, 'Breaburn' type schnieder, 'Pink Lady'. The standard cultivars 'Golden Delicious' and 'Idared' had been used as control. In the period from 2002-2006, the vegetative growth of the trees has been followed (TCSA, crown volume), blossom and ripening of the fruits, bearing (number of fruits and yield) and quality characteristics of the fruits (average weight, content of soluble dry matters and total acids). The research shows that the introduced apple varieties are characterized with different biological and quality polymorphism. Most of the studied cultivars show positive characteristics and can be recommended for mass growing in the Prespa region. Only 'Pink Lady' is not recommended for growing in this region due to its long vegetation.

I Balkan Symposium on Fruit Growing, 2009

This paper presents results from a research on the influence of the planting distance on the vege... more This paper presents results from a research on the influence of the planting distance on the vegetative growth and the yield of apple trees. The experimental orchard was established in the region of Skopje, in 1997, with the 'Jonagold' cultivar, grafted on 'MM 106' rootstock. The investigations were carried out during 1997-2006. The experiment was set with five different planting distances: 4 x 1 m (2,500 trees/ha), 4 x 1.5 m (1,666 trees/ha), 4 x 2 m (1,000 trees/ha), 4 x 2.5 m (1,000 trees/ha) and 4 x 3 m (833 trees/ha). During the ten-years study, the following parameters were observed: tree growth (trunk cross section area and crown volume), bearing (number of fruits and yield per tree) as well as the quality of the fruit (size, content of soluble dry maters and total acids). Based upon the 10-years research, it was concluded that the distance between the trees in the row had a significant influence on their vegetative growth, bearing and quality of the fruits. At the end of the tenth year, the biggest TCSA (166.2 cm 2) was measured in the trees planted at the 4x3 m distance. The biggest crown volume per tree (7.9 m 3) was at the 4 x 3 m planting distances, but the biggest crown volume per hectare (10,250 m 3) was at the 4 x 1 m distances. The least yield per tree was at the 4 x 1 m distances, and the largest yield per tree was at the 4 x 3 m distances. However, the biggest cumulative yield per hectare was from the trees planted at distances of 4 x 1 m. The planting distances of the trees had no significant effect on the fruit quality, except their colouring.

II Balkan Symposium on Fruit Growing, 2013

Scientia Horticulturae, 2011

The influence of nine dwarf apple rootstocks (M.9T 984, M.9T 337, Jork 9, Mark 9, Budagowski 9, M... more The influence of nine dwarf apple rootstocks (M.9T 984, M.9T 337, Jork 9, Mark 9, Budagowski 9, M.9 EMLA, Pajam 1, Pajam 2, and Supporter 4) on the vegetative characteristics, yield and yield efficiency, was evaluated on ‘Granny Smith’ apple variety (Malus domestica Borkh.).The experimental orchard was established in 2004, with a planting distance 3.5m×1.5m, in Prespa region (Resen, R.

The Balkan Pomology - Plums systemize the genetic diversity of plums found in the Balkan region. ... more The Balkan Pomology - Plums systemize the genetic diversity of plums found in the Balkan region. It attractively portrays 75 plum cultivars with detailed descriptions and illustrations. The descriptions are presented in alphabetical order and outline the fruit characteristics of each cultivar, as well as their morphological and physiological traits. In addition, information on origins, known uses and synonims are provided.

GjamoVski, V., m. kiprijanoVski and T. arsoV, 2015. Evaluation of autochthonous ecotype of bitter... more GjamoVski, V., m. kiprijanoVski and T. arsoV, 2015. Evaluation of autochthonous ecotype of bitter almond as peach rootstocks. Bulg. J. Agric. Sci., 21: 624–630 This work presents the results from the study of the important morphological, biological and economic characteristics of 22 eco-types of bitter almond, selected from the rich autochthon population in the republic of macedonia, suitable for use as rootstocks in the peach nursery production. The researches have been made in the period from 2002 2004. The seed used as control is from the almond cultivar texas and seeds from vineyard peach. The research included the pomological and the chemical characteristics of the fruits, the quality of the seedlings, variability of the seedlings and nursery trees and the economical value of the types. The selected types mainly have larger dimensions of the nuts and the kernel respective to the controls. The weight of the Ci-3 type has the largest nuts (5.11 g), whereas the type Ci-2 has the l...

Xviii Savetovanje O Biotehnologiji Sa Međunarodnim Ucescem Zbornik Radova, 2013

I Balkan Symposium on Fruit Growing, 2009