Vlatko Ilieski | Ss. Cyril & Methodius University in Skopje (original) (raw)

Papers by Vlatko Ilieski

Anantomia Histologia Embryologia

journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is furnished to the author for internal non-comm... more journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is furnished to the author for internal non-commercial research and education use, including for instruction at the authors institution and sharing with colleagues. Other uses, including reproduction and distribution, or selling or licensing copies, or posting to personal, institutional or third party websites are prohibited. In most cases authors are permitted to post their version of the article (e.g. in Word or Tex form) to their personal website or institutional repository. Authors requiring further information regarding Elsevier's archiving and manuscript policies are encouraged to visit: http://www.elsevier.com/authorsrights

Macedonian Veterinary Review, 2016

Macedonian Veterinary Review, 2015

Kidneys from five month-old mixed-breed pigs were collected and 2-3mm thick longitudinal slices w... more Kidneys from five month-old mixed-breed pigs were collected and 2-3mm thick longitudinal slices were prepared for viewing sub-gross anatomy as fresh tissue or as routinely plastinated tissue with and without degreasing. Standard cold silicone plastination procedures were used. Sliced fresh tissue and cured plastinated specimens were placed on a glass plate and back-lit to evaluate anatomical detail. All specimens yielded similar anatomical detail. However, degreased, plastinated specimens yielded the most anatomical detail. These thin silicone slices produce a durable permanent record similar to epoxy sections without the need for casting slices.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY "Veterinarians are, and must continually strive to be, the leading advocat... more EXECUTIVE SUMMARY "Veterinarians are, and must continually strive to be, the leading advocates for the good welfare of animals in a continually evolving society." (FVE/AVMA 2011). Welfare science is a dynamic and multi-disciplinary subject; including the study of the mental and physical health of animals, as well as its ethical implications in relation to humans, the environment and regulation. The FVE strategy for 2011-2015 states that veterinarians have a professional and ethical responsibility to use their scientific knowledge and skills for the benefit of animal welfare. All veterinarians should be able to educate, inform and influence animal owners, caretakers, handlers and policy makers to protect and improve animal welfare. Welfare (and its associated research) is, therefore, seen as an important aim in veterinary education along with other key subjects such as animal health and public health. The veterinary profession will also be needed to monitor and help impleme...

Macedonian Veterinary Review, 2014

Animals, 2013

Information about animal welfare standards and initiatives from eight European countries was coll... more Information about animal welfare standards and initiatives from eight European countries was collected, grouped, and compared to EU welfare standards to detect those aspects beyond minimum welfare levels demanded by EU welfare legislation. Literature was reviewed to determine the scientific relevance of standards and initiatives, and those aspects going beyond minimum EU standards. Standards and initiatives were assessed to determine their strengths and weaknesses regarding animal welfare. Attitudes of stakeholders in the improvement of animal welfare were determined through a Policy Delphi exercise. Social perception of animal welfare, economic implications of upraising welfare levels, and differences between countries were considered. Literature review revealed that on-farm space allowance, climate control, and environmental enrichment are relevant for all animal categories. Experts' assessment revealed that on-farm prevention of thermal stress, air quality, and races and passageways' design were not sufficiently included. Stakeholders considered that housing conditions are particularly relevant regarding animal welfare, and that animal-based and farm-level indicators are fundamental to monitor the progress of animal welfare. The most notable differences between what society offers and what farm animals are likely to need are related to transportation and space availability, with economic constraints being the most plausible explanation.

Journal of Thermal Biology, 2013

To investigate early events possibly related to the development of heat shock, we examined whethe... more To investigate early events possibly related to the development of heat shock, we examined whether inflammatory-(interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor α and 15-keto-13,14-dihydro-PGF 2α ) and peroxidative-(8-iso-PGF 2α and malondialdehyde) markers are altered during acute heat exposure and aging. We also studied the relationships between inflammatory and peroxidative markers in these settings. In order to prevent these reactions developed as a consequence of the conditions mentioned above, we tested the effects of α-tocopherol. Our results demonstrated that 15-keto-13,14-dihydro-PGF 2α and malondialdehyde in the liver were altered during acute heat exposure in the young and middle-aged rats and could be predicted by changes in the levels of circulatory cytokines. Regardless of age, the supplementation with α-tocopherol prevented changes in the plasma cytokine levels and 15-keto-13,14-dihydro-PGF 2α and malondialdehyde levels in the liver, during acute heat exposure. This study notably emphasized the ability of α-tocopherol to prevent different heat induced mechanisms, involved in induction of inflammatory or peroxidative reactions.

Veterinary drugs are widely used in modern animal husbandry. Their usage is not only for therapeu... more Veterinary drugs are widely used in modern animal husbandry. Their usage is not only for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes but also for better breeding efficiency. A part of veterinary drugs are used as growth promoters in form of specified compounds or mixtures of compounds. Therefore, among other compounds, steroids and other substances that have similar pharmacological activity are used to improve efficiency of protein conversion. As a result of enhanced protein conversion the growth of animals is faster which lead to earlier slaughter. The aim of this study was to detect levels of β – agonist residues since they are used as additives in the feed. By using ELISA method level of β – agonist was determinate. Total of 49 feed samples were screened for the presence of β–agonist as a part of national monitoring residue plan. The feed samples were collected and delivered by the authorised veterinary inspectors within period of 1 year. The validation process was carried out accordin...

Animals, 2013

Simple Summary: This article takes a future focus on the direction in which social forces develop... more Simple Summary: This article takes a future focus on the direction in which social forces develop the market for animal-friendly products in Europe. Although many stakeholders believe that the market is the most viable direction to improve farm animal welfare, economic productivity of the chain remains an issue that on a fundamental level conflicts with the objective to improve animal welfare. The European market for animal-friendly products is still largely fragmented and the differences between European countries are considerable. A more animal-friendly future that is achieved through the market will therefore need substantial policy attention from stakeholders in society.

The welfare state of cattle in dairy farms in Macedonia has never been assessed previously. The o... more The welfare state of cattle in dairy farms in Macedonia has never been assessed previously. The objective of this study was to perform screening analysis of dairy cows welfare and to test the practical implementation of the Welfare Quality® Assessment protocol for cattle in dairy farms in Macedonia. In ten small scale and large scale tie stall farms 23 measures were recorded related to 9 welfare criteria of 4 welfare principles (WP) described in the Welfare Quality® Assessment protocol for dairy cows. The mean percentage of very lean cows was 40.5±9.1%. All assessed farms were not providing access to pasture and an outdoor loafing area. Regarding cleanliness, the presence of dirty udder, upper leg/flank and lower leg was 65.2±9.0%, 85.5±8.0% and 86.5±5.8%, respectively. The overall prevalence of lameness was 5.6±5.0%, and for mild and severe alterations it was 30.8±5.8% and 54.1±4.6%, respectively. The ocular and vulvar discharge, diarrhea, dystocia, percentage of downer cows and
mortality rate exceeded the warning and alarm threshold. The avoidance – distance test classified 70.4±6.8% as animals that can be touched or approached closer than 50cm, with overall score of 42.9±3.5. This screening reveals that the most welfare concerns are found in the WP Good Feeding and Good Housing. The on-farm welfare assessment using the full protocol on a representative sample of farms in the country is highly recommended for emphasizing the key points for improving the animal welfare in Macedonian dairy farms.

Anantomia Histologia Embryologia

journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is furnished to the author for internal non-comm... more journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is furnished to the author for internal non-commercial research and education use, including for instruction at the authors institution and sharing with colleagues. Other uses, including reproduction and distribution, or selling or licensing copies, or posting to personal, institutional or third party websites are prohibited. In most cases authors are permitted to post their version of the article (e.g. in Word or Tex form) to their personal website or institutional repository. Authors requiring further information regarding Elsevier's archiving and manuscript policies are encouraged to visit: http://www.elsevier.com/authorsrights

Macedonian Veterinary Review, 2016

Macedonian Veterinary Review, 2015

Kidneys from five month-old mixed-breed pigs were collected and 2-3mm thick longitudinal slices w... more Kidneys from five month-old mixed-breed pigs were collected and 2-3mm thick longitudinal slices were prepared for viewing sub-gross anatomy as fresh tissue or as routinely plastinated tissue with and without degreasing. Standard cold silicone plastination procedures were used. Sliced fresh tissue and cured plastinated specimens were placed on a glass plate and back-lit to evaluate anatomical detail. All specimens yielded similar anatomical detail. However, degreased, plastinated specimens yielded the most anatomical detail. These thin silicone slices produce a durable permanent record similar to epoxy sections without the need for casting slices.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY "Veterinarians are, and must continually strive to be, the leading advocat... more EXECUTIVE SUMMARY "Veterinarians are, and must continually strive to be, the leading advocates for the good welfare of animals in a continually evolving society." (FVE/AVMA 2011). Welfare science is a dynamic and multi-disciplinary subject; including the study of the mental and physical health of animals, as well as its ethical implications in relation to humans, the environment and regulation. The FVE strategy for 2011-2015 states that veterinarians have a professional and ethical responsibility to use their scientific knowledge and skills for the benefit of animal welfare. All veterinarians should be able to educate, inform and influence animal owners, caretakers, handlers and policy makers to protect and improve animal welfare. Welfare (and its associated research) is, therefore, seen as an important aim in veterinary education along with other key subjects such as animal health and public health. The veterinary profession will also be needed to monitor and help impleme...

Macedonian Veterinary Review, 2014

Animals, 2013

Information about animal welfare standards and initiatives from eight European countries was coll... more Information about animal welfare standards and initiatives from eight European countries was collected, grouped, and compared to EU welfare standards to detect those aspects beyond minimum welfare levels demanded by EU welfare legislation. Literature was reviewed to determine the scientific relevance of standards and initiatives, and those aspects going beyond minimum EU standards. Standards and initiatives were assessed to determine their strengths and weaknesses regarding animal welfare. Attitudes of stakeholders in the improvement of animal welfare were determined through a Policy Delphi exercise. Social perception of animal welfare, economic implications of upraising welfare levels, and differences between countries were considered. Literature review revealed that on-farm space allowance, climate control, and environmental enrichment are relevant for all animal categories. Experts' assessment revealed that on-farm prevention of thermal stress, air quality, and races and passageways' design were not sufficiently included. Stakeholders considered that housing conditions are particularly relevant regarding animal welfare, and that animal-based and farm-level indicators are fundamental to monitor the progress of animal welfare. The most notable differences between what society offers and what farm animals are likely to need are related to transportation and space availability, with economic constraints being the most plausible explanation.

Journal of Thermal Biology, 2013

To investigate early events possibly related to the development of heat shock, we examined whethe... more To investigate early events possibly related to the development of heat shock, we examined whether inflammatory-(interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor α and 15-keto-13,14-dihydro-PGF 2α ) and peroxidative-(8-iso-PGF 2α and malondialdehyde) markers are altered during acute heat exposure and aging. We also studied the relationships between inflammatory and peroxidative markers in these settings. In order to prevent these reactions developed as a consequence of the conditions mentioned above, we tested the effects of α-tocopherol. Our results demonstrated that 15-keto-13,14-dihydro-PGF 2α and malondialdehyde in the liver were altered during acute heat exposure in the young and middle-aged rats and could be predicted by changes in the levels of circulatory cytokines. Regardless of age, the supplementation with α-tocopherol prevented changes in the plasma cytokine levels and 15-keto-13,14-dihydro-PGF 2α and malondialdehyde levels in the liver, during acute heat exposure. This study notably emphasized the ability of α-tocopherol to prevent different heat induced mechanisms, involved in induction of inflammatory or peroxidative reactions.

Veterinary drugs are widely used in modern animal husbandry. Their usage is not only for therapeu... more Veterinary drugs are widely used in modern animal husbandry. Their usage is not only for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes but also for better breeding efficiency. A part of veterinary drugs are used as growth promoters in form of specified compounds or mixtures of compounds. Therefore, among other compounds, steroids and other substances that have similar pharmacological activity are used to improve efficiency of protein conversion. As a result of enhanced protein conversion the growth of animals is faster which lead to earlier slaughter. The aim of this study was to detect levels of β – agonist residues since they are used as additives in the feed. By using ELISA method level of β – agonist was determinate. Total of 49 feed samples were screened for the presence of β–agonist as a part of national monitoring residue plan. The feed samples were collected and delivered by the authorised veterinary inspectors within period of 1 year. The validation process was carried out accordin...

Animals, 2013

Simple Summary: This article takes a future focus on the direction in which social forces develop... more Simple Summary: This article takes a future focus on the direction in which social forces develop the market for animal-friendly products in Europe. Although many stakeholders believe that the market is the most viable direction to improve farm animal welfare, economic productivity of the chain remains an issue that on a fundamental level conflicts with the objective to improve animal welfare. The European market for animal-friendly products is still largely fragmented and the differences between European countries are considerable. A more animal-friendly future that is achieved through the market will therefore need substantial policy attention from stakeholders in society.

The welfare state of cattle in dairy farms in Macedonia has never been assessed previously. The o... more The welfare state of cattle in dairy farms in Macedonia has never been assessed previously. The objective of this study was to perform screening analysis of dairy cows welfare and to test the practical implementation of the Welfare Quality® Assessment protocol for cattle in dairy farms in Macedonia. In ten small scale and large scale tie stall farms 23 measures were recorded related to 9 welfare criteria of 4 welfare principles (WP) described in the Welfare Quality® Assessment protocol for dairy cows. The mean percentage of very lean cows was 40.5±9.1%. All assessed farms were not providing access to pasture and an outdoor loafing area. Regarding cleanliness, the presence of dirty udder, upper leg/flank and lower leg was 65.2±9.0%, 85.5±8.0% and 86.5±5.8%, respectively. The overall prevalence of lameness was 5.6±5.0%, and for mild and severe alterations it was 30.8±5.8% and 54.1±4.6%, respectively. The ocular and vulvar discharge, diarrhea, dystocia, percentage of downer cows and
mortality rate exceeded the warning and alarm threshold. The avoidance – distance test classified 70.4±6.8% as animals that can be touched or approached closer than 50cm, with overall score of 42.9±3.5. This screening reveals that the most welfare concerns are found in the WP Good Feeding and Good Housing. The on-farm welfare assessment using the full protocol on a representative sample of farms in the country is highly recommended for emphasizing the key points for improving the animal welfare in Macedonian dairy farms.