Hanim Salleh | Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (original) (raw)
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The arrivals of the Chinese people to Malaysia (Malaya) started since the early fifteenth century... more The arrivals of the Chinese people to Malaysia (Malaya) started since the early fifteenth century. At that time, they came as traders, seafarers and miners. The movements of Chinese people were very limited since at that time China was practicing a closed door policy with foreign countries. Thus, communications to and from China were very minimal. However, in 2001, the Chinese government had implemented an open door policy by participating in the World Trade Organization (WTO). The Chinese government had opened its economy to foreign investors through foreign direct investment by providing them various incentives. The beginning of 21st century saw an increase in the inbound and outbound movements of the Chinese people. By 2005, China was among the top 5 most visited global destinations. Similarly, outbound Chinese also increased and Malaysia was among their most popular choice. In 1990, only about 107.6 thousand Chinese tourists visited Malaysia. By 2006, however, this figure had increased to about 457.8 thousand; which was the highest number of foreigners outside the ASEAN region. This research tries to identify and estimate the importance of major economic factors that influence the increase in Chinese arrivals to Malaysia. Among other factors that could induce their arrivals are tourism price, traveling costs, income and informal promotion. The Asian economic crisis and the outbreak of SARs also have been included in order to understand how the short-run shock affecting their demand for Malaysia. Cointegration technique of Vector Error Correction Model (ARDL) is utilized to statistically estimate the importance of these variables in this research.
... Norlida Hanim Mohd Salleh School of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Management, UKM 43600... more ... Norlida Hanim Mohd Salleh School of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Management, UKM 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia ... REFERENCES [1] AK Abdul Khalil and R. Mohd Najib, “Tourism and Environment: Malaysia Marine Park ... 2] SK Yap and Y. Noor Azlin, “Ecotourism ...
International journal of …, 2007
This paper investigates the long-run and short-run relationships between tourist arrivals to Mala... more This paper investigates the long-run and short-run relationships between tourist arrivals to Malaysia and tourism price in Malaysia, tourism prices at alternative destinations, traveling costs, incomes and exchange rates, using the bounds testing approach developed within the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) framework. The empirical results show that in the long run, tourism price in Malaysia, traveling costs, tourism prices at alternative destinations and incomes are the important determinants of Malaysia's tourism demand from the selected countries namely Singapore, Japan, Hong Kong and Australia. The results also indicate that the 1997-98 East Asian economic crisis and the outbreak of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome -SARS significantly affected Malaysia's tourism demand.
The arrivals of the Chinese people to Malaysia (Malaya) started since the early fifteenth century... more The arrivals of the Chinese people to Malaysia (Malaya) started since the early fifteenth century. At that time, they came as traders, seafarers and miners. The movements of Chinese people were very limited since at that time China was practicing a closed door policy with foreign countries. Thus, communications to and from China were very minimal. However, in 2001, the Chinese government had implemented an open door policy by participating in the World Trade Organization (WTO). The Chinese government had opened its economy to foreign investors through foreign direct investment by providing them various incentives. The beginning of 21st century saw an increase in the inbound and outbound movements of the Chinese people. By 2005, China was among the top 5 most visited global destinations. Similarly, outbound Chinese also increased and Malaysia was among their most popular choice. In 1990, only about 107.6 thousand Chinese tourists visited Malaysia. By 2006, however, this figure had increased to about 457.8 thousand; which was the highest number of foreigners outside the ASEAN region. This research tries to identify and estimate the importance of major economic factors that influence the increase in Chinese arrivals to Malaysia. Among other factors that could induce their arrivals are tourism price, traveling costs, income and informal promotion. The Asian economic crisis and the outbreak of SARs also have been included in order to understand how the short-run shock affecting their demand for Malaysia. Cointegration technique of Vector Error Correction Model (ARDL) is utilized to statistically estimate the importance of these variables in this research.
... Norlida Hanim Mohd Salleh School of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Management, UKM 43600... more ... Norlida Hanim Mohd Salleh School of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Management, UKM 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia ... REFERENCES [1] AK Abdul Khalil and R. Mohd Najib, “Tourism and Environment: Malaysia Marine Park ... 2] SK Yap and Y. Noor Azlin, “Ecotourism ...
International journal of …, 2007
This paper investigates the long-run and short-run relationships between tourist arrivals to Mala... more This paper investigates the long-run and short-run relationships between tourist arrivals to Malaysia and tourism price in Malaysia, tourism prices at alternative destinations, traveling costs, incomes and exchange rates, using the bounds testing approach developed within the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) framework. The empirical results show that in the long run, tourism price in Malaysia, traveling costs, tourism prices at alternative destinations and incomes are the important determinants of Malaysia's tourism demand from the selected countries namely Singapore, Japan, Hong Kong and Australia. The results also indicate that the 1997-98 East Asian economic crisis and the outbreak of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome -SARS significantly affected Malaysia's tourism demand.