Haslina Arshad | Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (original) (raw)
Papers by Haslina Arshad
IEEE Access
This study presents a systematic review of the automatic vision-based assessment systems and mode... more This study presents a systematic review of the automatic vision-based assessment systems and models from related fields over the last 6 years. Many studies focus on automatic vision-based assessment in the area of robotics, artificial intelligence and virtual reality or augmented reality (AR) to enhance the communication between humans and machines for general purposes. Three reliable databases, IEEEXplore, Science Direct and Web of Science, were used to obtain relevant studies on the given topic. Several stages of filtering and scanning were applied according to the inclusion/exclusion criteria to filter the obtained 3505 papers from 2015 to 2020. Finally, 97 papers met the criteria. They were classified into four main categories based on their field by following the scientific taxonomy: computer-vision-based, roboticsbased, AR-based and hybrid-based categories, accounting for 42.26% (n = 41/97 papers), 48.45% (n = 47/97 papers), 6.18% (n = 6/97 papers) and 4.12% (n = 4/97 papers), respectively. Subsequently, a deep and critical analysis of this multifield systematic review highlighted new research opportunities, motivations, challenges and recommendations that need attention to integrate interdisciplinary studies. Thus, automatic vision-based assessment, which is a field requiring automated solutions, tools and methods, enhances the ability of the assistive technology and facilitates the interaction of individuals with machines. Many studies have been conducted on the automatic vision-based assessment systems and their subtypes to promote accurate communication and performance evaluation in human-machine interaction. This study can provide researchers with useful guides and valuable information for future research. This study also addresses the ambiguity of automatic vison-based assessment models in interdisciplinary fields.
Micromachines
The scientific interest in piezoelectric micro-energy harvesting (PMEH) has been fast-growing, de... more The scientific interest in piezoelectric micro-energy harvesting (PMEH) has been fast-growing, demonstrating that the field has made a major improvement in the long-term evolution of alternative energy sources. Although various research works have been performed and published over the years, only a few attempts have been made to examine the research’s influence in this field. Therefore, this paper presents a bibliometric study into low-cost PMEH from ambient energy sources within the years 2010–2021, outlining current research trends, analytical assessment, novel insights, impacts, challenges and recommendations. The major goal of this paper is to provide a bibliometric evaluation that is based on the top-cited 100 articles employing the Scopus databases, information and refined keyword searches. This study analyses various key aspects, including PMEH emerging applications, authors’ contributions, collaboration, research classification, keywords analysis, country’s networks and stat...
Problems in teaching pre-literacy such as non-native teachers, teachers vary in language acquisit... more Problems in teaching pre-literacy such as non-native teachers, teachers vary in language acquisition and human factors such as emotional involvement are expected to be reduced by using augmented reality (AR) technology in mobile platforms. However, proper interaction should be provided so that the developed AR based app may bring effective learning. Therefore, the objective of the study is to design and develop mobile applications based on AR for letter recognition with proper interaction called AR letter kit. Two versions of AR Letter Kit were developed and designed where the second version with more multimedia components in order to provide more interaction. The research design is case study in Early Childhood Education for children ages 4 to 6. The results show that the teacher showed positive attitude to the developed apps but preferred the second design with more added multimedia components. The children also show positive attitude towards the app and pointing, responding and i...
Conventionally, the interaction between a user and augmented reality (AR) application is limited.... more Conventionally, the interaction between a user and augmented reality (AR) application is limited. Mostly, it allows virtual information browsing on the AR marker or basic manipulation such as moving and resizing of the 3D model. This study presents a rich interaction that allows users to mimic physical action such as shaking and pouring in chemistry experiment using card-based or box-based marker design. The user is required to follow the instruction to select the correct AR marker that represents apparatus or solutions and performs the physical action to conduct an experiment. Usability's result showed the respondents were satisfied with the application.
Mobile technology, augmented reality, and game-based learning are some of the key learning techno... more Mobile technology, augmented reality, and game-based learning are some of the key learning technologies that can be fully optimized to promote pre-literacy skills. The problem is how to design an effective pre-literacy kit that utilizes some of the learning technologies. This paper presents a framework based on mobile augmented reality for the development of pre-literacy kit. This pre-literacy kit incorporates three main components which are contents, design, and tools. A prototype of a mobile app based on the three main components was developed for promoting pre-literacy. The results show that the children and teachers gave positive feedbacks after using the mobile app for the pre-literacy.
2017 8th International Conference on Information Technology (ICIT), 2017
Technology nowadays has grown rapidly and has led to the widespread use of technology in every se... more Technology nowadays has grown rapidly and has led to the widespread use of technology in every sector that exists throughout the world whether in agriculture, business, research or education. Previous studies have shown lack of approach in Mobile Augmented Reality (MAR) based application specifically in Arabic language education. The main objective of this work is to develop a MAR application (ARabic) for teaching and learning early Arabic language and study its effectiveness. This application has been developed using ADDIE methodology which includes the analysis, design, development, implementation and testing phases. The application has two main modules; Learning and Exercise Module which combine the elements of animation, 3D objects, video, audio and graphics to keep the students interest. Based on the user testing, it shows that users are very interested in ARabic and learned the modules quickly.
This paper addresses the performance evaluation of a modified square loop antenna design for UHF ... more This paper addresses the performance evaluation of a modified square loop antenna design for UHF RFID applications that is excited through a narrow feed line connected to a square loop, an impedance matching network. The square loop dimensions are modified to reach a conjugate impedance matching. A gap is fixed between the feed-lines to link the chip. To achieve impedance matching, the structures of the feed-line are optimized accordingly. In addition, the antenna consists of a straightforward geometry. An 11.9-meter maximum read range is achieved using a compact size of 80 × 44 mm2 and 3.2 W for the effective isotropic radiated power. Additional findings reveal that the proposed tag antenna is able to provide a stable resonance response in the near field of a large metallic surface.
AIP Conference Proceedings, 2017
Breast Cancer patients who require breast biopsy has increased over the past years. Augmented Rea... more Breast Cancer patients who require breast biopsy has increased over the past years. Augmented Reality guided core biopsy of breast has become the method of choice for researchers. However, this cancer visualization has limitations to the extent of superimposing the 3D imaging data only. In this paper, we are introducing an Augmented Reality visualization framework that enables breast cancer biopsy image guidance by using X-Ray vision technique on a mobile display. This framework consists of 4 phases where it initially acquires the image from CT/MRI and process the medical images into 3D slices, secondly it will purify these 3D grayscale slices into 3D breast tumor model using 3D modeling reconstruction technique. Further, in visualization processing this virtual 3D breast tumor model has been enhanced using X-ray vision technique to see through the skin of the phantom and the final composition of it is displayed on handheld device to optimize the accuracy of the visualization in six degree of freedom. The framework is perceived as an improved visualization experience because the Augmented Reality x-ray vision allowed direct understanding of the breast tumor beyond the visible surface and direct guidance towards accurate biopsy targets.
Journal of Telecommunication, Electronic and Computer Engineering, 2017
Individual’s emotional states may change and influence their behavior when using mobile applicati... more Individual’s emotional states may change and influence their behavior when using mobile application. Studying the behavior and emotional state of user are necessary in the design of a Mobile Augmented Reality System and should be based on a good design principle. The design principle is useful as a guidance to develop a good mobile AR system. This paper will present a design guideline for Mobile Augmented Reality (MAR) for tourism. From the analysis of existing design guidelines of Mobile Augmented Reality (MAR) for tourism, an application design guidelines are proposed based on PAD’s theory, Human-computer Interaction and Usability principles. The design principle is to reduce cognitive overhead of tourist, learnability and suitable context for users. Six design principles were examined in this analysis. The analysis identified eleven suggestions for design principles and these recommendations are offered towards the design principles and developing prototype application for touris...
International Journal of Supply Chain Management, 2018
The use of technology nowadays is not an unusual matter especially in universities. The use of co... more The use of technology nowadays is not an unusual matter especially in universities. The use of computer technology and the advanced networking that creates an integrated services and enables communication among the community of universities is a concept in a digital campus. However, in the education sector, the digital campus needs to be built as an essential foundation for the modernization of education and to facilitate a better campus life. This paper presents the concept and framework of Digital Campus as part of the university’s challenges in fostering an economical and socially sustainable campus. The implementation of co-created value in framework increases the efficiency of the digital campus concept. The use of mobile applications is very appropriate for achieving campus sustainability because of its increasing significant and ability. UKM Mobile Application as part of Digital Campus strategy is seen to be able to contribute to the sustainability of the campus. We also pres...
Journal of Telecommunication, Electronic and Computer Engineering, 2017
Location-based AR is one of the most familiar mobile application currently being used. The positi... more Location-based AR is one of the most familiar mobile application currently being used. The position of the user relative to the real world will be located and digital information can be overlaid to provide information on the user’s current location and surroundings. Four main types of mobile augmented reality interfaces have been studied and one of them is a multimodal interface. Multimodal interface processes two or more combined user input modes (such as speech, pen, touch, manual gesture and gaze) in a coordinated manner with multimedia system output. In the multimodal interface, many frameworks have been proposed to guide the designer to develop multimodal applications including in augmented reality environment but there has been little work reviewing the framework of adaptive multimodal input in mobile augmented reality application. This paper presents the conceptual framework to illustrate the adaptive multimodal interface for location-based augmented reality application. We r...
Journal of Telecommunication, Electronic and Computer Engineering, 2018
Modern day technologies including wearable devices such as smart glasses have changed the way peo... more Modern day technologies including wearable devices such as smart glasses have changed the way people interact with their surroundings. Such developments have resulted in the increased popularity of Augmented Reality (AR) applications to project context-aware information on objects or users’ immediate surroundings. In order to enhance the overall tourism experience, a number of recent works have highlighted the opportunities for using outdoor AR or navigation-based AR systems. Due to the development of context-aware AR, tourists using such technology can acquire valuable knowledge and experience. Recent context-aware AR research lack empirical studies and works that integrate dimensions which are specific to cultural heritage tourism and smart glass specific context. This work presents the mapping of requirements identified during the affinity mapping and focuses group experiments into a smart glass-based AR application called “TouristicAR” to identifying the factors of user acceptan...
Journal of theoretical and applied information technology, 2016
Mobile markerless augmented reality (AR) requires a descriptor that can act in real time and at t... more Mobile markerless augmented reality (AR) requires a descriptor that can act in real time and at the same time robust to illumination invariance. Several color descriptors have been proposed to increase illumination invariance such as RGB-SIFT. According to the previous study, FREAK descriptor has been identified as the most suitable descriptor for mobile markerless AR due to FREAK reviews less computation time compared to other descriptors. However, color information presents important information has been largely ignored by FREAK. Hence, this research proposed a new illumination invariant feature based on FREAK descriptor in RGB color space for mobile markerless AR. Red, green and blue color channel will applied separately to FREAK descriptor. Hence, there are four types of descriptor been introduce; Red-FREAK, Green-FREAK, Blue-FREAK and RGB-FREAK. The proposed color FREAK descriptors are evaluated using images of different illumination color from Amsterdam Library of Object Image...
Journal of theoretical and applied information technology, 2018
Discrete mathematics is an important subject in the learning of information technology especially... more Discrete mathematics is an important subject in the learning of information technology especially for programming and software development. It is a compulsory subject offered to first year students of Undergraduate Degrees in the Faculty of Technology and Information Sciences (FTSM). Discrete mathematics is a subject that is difficult to learn because it involves many theory and concepts. Until recently, Discrete Mathematics modules are mainly taught in a traditional way whereby students are given lectures and tutorials only in the classroom. Students rely on textbooks and lecture notes provided by lecturers. Such approach is not suitable for students in Generation Z. Students in Generation Z will find it hard to learn as learning happens only in the classroom and it leads to boredom. Massive Online Open Course (MOOC) is a web-based learning that can be accessed anywhere and anytime. Integrating the technology into learning process can help improve understanding of the subject matte...
Breast cancer patients who require breast biopsy have increased over the past years and Stereotac... more Breast cancer patients who require breast biopsy have increased over the past years and Stereotactic Biopsy uses series of images to carefully position the imaging equipment and target the area of concern. However, it has the constraint of accurate 3D Tumor visualization. An Augmented Reality (AR) Guidance Biopsy system of breast has become the method of choice for researchers, yet this AR tumor visualization has limitation to the extent of superimposing the 3D Imaging Data only. In this paper, a framework to visualize 3D breast tumor technique is being introduced to accurately visualize 3D tumor to see through the skin of US-9 Opaque breast phantom on a mobile display. This mobile AR visualization technique consists of 4 phases where it initially acquires the image from Computed Tomography (CT) or Magnetic Resonance Images (MRI) and processes the medical images into 3D slices, secondly, it will purify these 3D grayscale slices into 3D breast tumor model using 3D modeling reconstruc...
IEEE Access, 2021
Urban areas are facing challenges in waste management systems due to the rapid growth of populati... more Urban areas are facing challenges in waste management systems due to the rapid growth of population in cities, causing huge amount of waste generation. As traditional waste management system is highly inefficient and costly, the waste of resources can be utilized efficiently with the integration of the internet of things (IoT) and deep learning model. The main purpose of this research is to develop a smart waste management system using the deep learning model that improves the waste segregation process and enables monitoring of bin status in an IoT environment. The SSD MobileNetV2 Quantized is used and trained with the dataset that consists of paper, cardboard, glass, metal, and plastic for waste classification and categorization. By integrating the trained model on TensorFlow Lite and Raspberry Pi 4, the camera module detects the waste and the servo motor, connected to a plastic board, categorizes the waste into the respective waste compartment. The ultrasonic sensor monitors the waste fill percentage, and a GPS module obtains the real-time latitude and longitude. The LoRa module on the smart bin sends the status of the bin to the LoRa receiver at 915 MHz. The electronic components of the smart bin are protected with RFID based locker, where only the registered RFID tag can be used to unlock for maintenance or upgrading purposes.
Soft Computing Approach for Mathematical Modeling of Engineering Problems, 2021
The Fourth industrial revolution (IR 4.0) saw the emergence of computer vision and artificial int... more The Fourth industrial revolution (IR 4.0) saw the emergence of computer vision and artificial intelligence in creating smart imaging systems that can replace human vision and decision making especially to predict models for autonomous vehicles. In this context, advanced prediction of probable collision in real time scenario is an unsolved problem especially in the use of artificial intelligence and computer vision for autonomous vehicles. This research proposed an efficient collision avoidance model to avoid collision in real time scenario. Proposed model differs from other methods in a way that it does not require any other equipment like sensors for measuring distance between the vehicles. Proposed collision avoidance model estimates the relation between distance and size of the vehicle in real time scenario to generate an approximate notion of distance between the vehicles. Then, the ratio of distance between vehicles and size of the vehicle was used to depict vehicles that are in potentially dangerous positions for probable collision. Proposed collision avoidance model was experimented in the real-time traffic and experimental results showed that the model could detect vehicles in order to avoid the probable collisions efficiently. Proposed model is expected to be a possible tool in dealing with future demand of autonomous vehicles with the increase of 4IR technologies.
Virtual Reality, 2021
The incorporation of both virtual content and real world in augmented reality (AR) allows real-ti... more The incorporation of both virtual content and real world in augmented reality (AR) allows real-time engagement with the virtual objects. The selection of an appropriate tracking algorithm is important to optimise the performance of mobile AR applications given the limited processing capabilities and memories of mobile devices like smartphones. Tracking in AR consists of four essential components, namely detector, descriptor, matcher, and pose estimator. Since a descriptor substantially affects the overall performance of a mobile AR application, it must have short computational time and remains invariant to scale, rotation, and lighting changes. Studies have proposed Fast Retina Keypoint (FREAK) descriptor as the most suitable descriptor for mobile AR applications. Unlike other greyscale descriptors, FREAK has shorter computational time and is less likely to be affected by scale and rotation changes. However, it overlooks the vital colour space information. Focusing on enhancing the efficiency and robustness of FREAK, this study proposed the use of CRH-FREAK (RGB + HSV) descriptor and applied the vertical concatenation technique that combined all extracted keypoints vertically. The robustness of the proposed descriptors against scale, rotation, and lighting changes was verified using Mikolajczyk and Amsterdam Library of Object Images (ALOI) datasets. The developed CRH-FREAK descriptors used six colour spaces to describe the keypoints, which made them slower than the original FREAK. However, the size reduction of CRH-FREAK from 512 bits to 128 bits in this study successfully reduced the computational time to 29.49 ms, which was found comparable to the original FREAK. The improved efficiency and robustness of a 128-bit CRH-FREAK descriptor benefit the future development of mobile AR applications that remain invariant to scale, rotation, and lighting changes.
Journal of Information System and Technology Management, 2021
It has been a challenge for Malaysia to handle solid waste management for more than a decade. The... more It has been a challenge for Malaysia to handle solid waste management for more than a decade. The increase in population size has led to an increase in the waste amount contributed by Malaysians. Due to that, proper solid waste management is essential in protecting the environment. There are many ways to execute solid waste management but developing countries may find it challenging to find the best way to dispose of waste efficiently. The same phenomenon seems to happen on university campuses as well. This article aims to propose a smart waste management system for university campuses. Most of the related work concentrates on detecting bin levels, despite making it a full-fledged system that comprises several modules regardless of web or mobile platform. A prototype of a smart bin is proposed, and this paper discusses its architecture and functionality. A web-based user application is also proposed in this article. With these components, the system enables the user to obtain inform...
Journal of Information System and Technology Management, 2021
Security has recently been given the highest priority with the rise in the number of antisocial a... more Security has recently been given the highest priority with the rise in the number of antisocial activations taking place. To continuously track individuals and their interactions, CCTVs have been built in several ways. Every person is recorded on an image on average 30 times a day in a developed world with a community of 1.6 billion. The resolution of 710*570 captured at knitting will approximate 20 GB per day. Constant monitoring of human data makes it hard to judge whether the incident is an irregular one, and it is an almost uphill struggle when a population and its full support are needed. In this paper, we make a system for the detection of suspicious activity using CCTV surveillance video. There seems to be a need to demonstrate in which frame the behavior is located as well as which section of it allows the faster judgment of the suspicious activity is unusual. This is done by converting the video into frames and analyzing the persons and their activates from the processed fr...
IEEE Access
This study presents a systematic review of the automatic vision-based assessment systems and mode... more This study presents a systematic review of the automatic vision-based assessment systems and models from related fields over the last 6 years. Many studies focus on automatic vision-based assessment in the area of robotics, artificial intelligence and virtual reality or augmented reality (AR) to enhance the communication between humans and machines for general purposes. Three reliable databases, IEEEXplore, Science Direct and Web of Science, were used to obtain relevant studies on the given topic. Several stages of filtering and scanning were applied according to the inclusion/exclusion criteria to filter the obtained 3505 papers from 2015 to 2020. Finally, 97 papers met the criteria. They were classified into four main categories based on their field by following the scientific taxonomy: computer-vision-based, roboticsbased, AR-based and hybrid-based categories, accounting for 42.26% (n = 41/97 papers), 48.45% (n = 47/97 papers), 6.18% (n = 6/97 papers) and 4.12% (n = 4/97 papers), respectively. Subsequently, a deep and critical analysis of this multifield systematic review highlighted new research opportunities, motivations, challenges and recommendations that need attention to integrate interdisciplinary studies. Thus, automatic vision-based assessment, which is a field requiring automated solutions, tools and methods, enhances the ability of the assistive technology and facilitates the interaction of individuals with machines. Many studies have been conducted on the automatic vision-based assessment systems and their subtypes to promote accurate communication and performance evaluation in human-machine interaction. This study can provide researchers with useful guides and valuable information for future research. This study also addresses the ambiguity of automatic vison-based assessment models in interdisciplinary fields.
Micromachines
The scientific interest in piezoelectric micro-energy harvesting (PMEH) has been fast-growing, de... more The scientific interest in piezoelectric micro-energy harvesting (PMEH) has been fast-growing, demonstrating that the field has made a major improvement in the long-term evolution of alternative energy sources. Although various research works have been performed and published over the years, only a few attempts have been made to examine the research’s influence in this field. Therefore, this paper presents a bibliometric study into low-cost PMEH from ambient energy sources within the years 2010–2021, outlining current research trends, analytical assessment, novel insights, impacts, challenges and recommendations. The major goal of this paper is to provide a bibliometric evaluation that is based on the top-cited 100 articles employing the Scopus databases, information and refined keyword searches. This study analyses various key aspects, including PMEH emerging applications, authors’ contributions, collaboration, research classification, keywords analysis, country’s networks and stat...
Problems in teaching pre-literacy such as non-native teachers, teachers vary in language acquisit... more Problems in teaching pre-literacy such as non-native teachers, teachers vary in language acquisition and human factors such as emotional involvement are expected to be reduced by using augmented reality (AR) technology in mobile platforms. However, proper interaction should be provided so that the developed AR based app may bring effective learning. Therefore, the objective of the study is to design and develop mobile applications based on AR for letter recognition with proper interaction called AR letter kit. Two versions of AR Letter Kit were developed and designed where the second version with more multimedia components in order to provide more interaction. The research design is case study in Early Childhood Education for children ages 4 to 6. The results show that the teacher showed positive attitude to the developed apps but preferred the second design with more added multimedia components. The children also show positive attitude towards the app and pointing, responding and i...
Conventionally, the interaction between a user and augmented reality (AR) application is limited.... more Conventionally, the interaction between a user and augmented reality (AR) application is limited. Mostly, it allows virtual information browsing on the AR marker or basic manipulation such as moving and resizing of the 3D model. This study presents a rich interaction that allows users to mimic physical action such as shaking and pouring in chemistry experiment using card-based or box-based marker design. The user is required to follow the instruction to select the correct AR marker that represents apparatus or solutions and performs the physical action to conduct an experiment. Usability's result showed the respondents were satisfied with the application.
Mobile technology, augmented reality, and game-based learning are some of the key learning techno... more Mobile technology, augmented reality, and game-based learning are some of the key learning technologies that can be fully optimized to promote pre-literacy skills. The problem is how to design an effective pre-literacy kit that utilizes some of the learning technologies. This paper presents a framework based on mobile augmented reality for the development of pre-literacy kit. This pre-literacy kit incorporates three main components which are contents, design, and tools. A prototype of a mobile app based on the three main components was developed for promoting pre-literacy. The results show that the children and teachers gave positive feedbacks after using the mobile app for the pre-literacy.
2017 8th International Conference on Information Technology (ICIT), 2017
Technology nowadays has grown rapidly and has led to the widespread use of technology in every se... more Technology nowadays has grown rapidly and has led to the widespread use of technology in every sector that exists throughout the world whether in agriculture, business, research or education. Previous studies have shown lack of approach in Mobile Augmented Reality (MAR) based application specifically in Arabic language education. The main objective of this work is to develop a MAR application (ARabic) for teaching and learning early Arabic language and study its effectiveness. This application has been developed using ADDIE methodology which includes the analysis, design, development, implementation and testing phases. The application has two main modules; Learning and Exercise Module which combine the elements of animation, 3D objects, video, audio and graphics to keep the students interest. Based on the user testing, it shows that users are very interested in ARabic and learned the modules quickly.
This paper addresses the performance evaluation of a modified square loop antenna design for UHF ... more This paper addresses the performance evaluation of a modified square loop antenna design for UHF RFID applications that is excited through a narrow feed line connected to a square loop, an impedance matching network. The square loop dimensions are modified to reach a conjugate impedance matching. A gap is fixed between the feed-lines to link the chip. To achieve impedance matching, the structures of the feed-line are optimized accordingly. In addition, the antenna consists of a straightforward geometry. An 11.9-meter maximum read range is achieved using a compact size of 80 × 44 mm2 and 3.2 W for the effective isotropic radiated power. Additional findings reveal that the proposed tag antenna is able to provide a stable resonance response in the near field of a large metallic surface.
AIP Conference Proceedings, 2017
Breast Cancer patients who require breast biopsy has increased over the past years. Augmented Rea... more Breast Cancer patients who require breast biopsy has increased over the past years. Augmented Reality guided core biopsy of breast has become the method of choice for researchers. However, this cancer visualization has limitations to the extent of superimposing the 3D imaging data only. In this paper, we are introducing an Augmented Reality visualization framework that enables breast cancer biopsy image guidance by using X-Ray vision technique on a mobile display. This framework consists of 4 phases where it initially acquires the image from CT/MRI and process the medical images into 3D slices, secondly it will purify these 3D grayscale slices into 3D breast tumor model using 3D modeling reconstruction technique. Further, in visualization processing this virtual 3D breast tumor model has been enhanced using X-ray vision technique to see through the skin of the phantom and the final composition of it is displayed on handheld device to optimize the accuracy of the visualization in six degree of freedom. The framework is perceived as an improved visualization experience because the Augmented Reality x-ray vision allowed direct understanding of the breast tumor beyond the visible surface and direct guidance towards accurate biopsy targets.
Journal of Telecommunication, Electronic and Computer Engineering, 2017
Individual’s emotional states may change and influence their behavior when using mobile applicati... more Individual’s emotional states may change and influence their behavior when using mobile application. Studying the behavior and emotional state of user are necessary in the design of a Mobile Augmented Reality System and should be based on a good design principle. The design principle is useful as a guidance to develop a good mobile AR system. This paper will present a design guideline for Mobile Augmented Reality (MAR) for tourism. From the analysis of existing design guidelines of Mobile Augmented Reality (MAR) for tourism, an application design guidelines are proposed based on PAD’s theory, Human-computer Interaction and Usability principles. The design principle is to reduce cognitive overhead of tourist, learnability and suitable context for users. Six design principles were examined in this analysis. The analysis identified eleven suggestions for design principles and these recommendations are offered towards the design principles and developing prototype application for touris...
International Journal of Supply Chain Management, 2018
The use of technology nowadays is not an unusual matter especially in universities. The use of co... more The use of technology nowadays is not an unusual matter especially in universities. The use of computer technology and the advanced networking that creates an integrated services and enables communication among the community of universities is a concept in a digital campus. However, in the education sector, the digital campus needs to be built as an essential foundation for the modernization of education and to facilitate a better campus life. This paper presents the concept and framework of Digital Campus as part of the university’s challenges in fostering an economical and socially sustainable campus. The implementation of co-created value in framework increases the efficiency of the digital campus concept. The use of mobile applications is very appropriate for achieving campus sustainability because of its increasing significant and ability. UKM Mobile Application as part of Digital Campus strategy is seen to be able to contribute to the sustainability of the campus. We also pres...
Journal of Telecommunication, Electronic and Computer Engineering, 2017
Location-based AR is one of the most familiar mobile application currently being used. The positi... more Location-based AR is one of the most familiar mobile application currently being used. The position of the user relative to the real world will be located and digital information can be overlaid to provide information on the user’s current location and surroundings. Four main types of mobile augmented reality interfaces have been studied and one of them is a multimodal interface. Multimodal interface processes two or more combined user input modes (such as speech, pen, touch, manual gesture and gaze) in a coordinated manner with multimedia system output. In the multimodal interface, many frameworks have been proposed to guide the designer to develop multimodal applications including in augmented reality environment but there has been little work reviewing the framework of adaptive multimodal input in mobile augmented reality application. This paper presents the conceptual framework to illustrate the adaptive multimodal interface for location-based augmented reality application. We r...
Journal of Telecommunication, Electronic and Computer Engineering, 2018
Modern day technologies including wearable devices such as smart glasses have changed the way peo... more Modern day technologies including wearable devices such as smart glasses have changed the way people interact with their surroundings. Such developments have resulted in the increased popularity of Augmented Reality (AR) applications to project context-aware information on objects or users’ immediate surroundings. In order to enhance the overall tourism experience, a number of recent works have highlighted the opportunities for using outdoor AR or navigation-based AR systems. Due to the development of context-aware AR, tourists using such technology can acquire valuable knowledge and experience. Recent context-aware AR research lack empirical studies and works that integrate dimensions which are specific to cultural heritage tourism and smart glass specific context. This work presents the mapping of requirements identified during the affinity mapping and focuses group experiments into a smart glass-based AR application called “TouristicAR” to identifying the factors of user acceptan...
Journal of theoretical and applied information technology, 2016
Mobile markerless augmented reality (AR) requires a descriptor that can act in real time and at t... more Mobile markerless augmented reality (AR) requires a descriptor that can act in real time and at the same time robust to illumination invariance. Several color descriptors have been proposed to increase illumination invariance such as RGB-SIFT. According to the previous study, FREAK descriptor has been identified as the most suitable descriptor for mobile markerless AR due to FREAK reviews less computation time compared to other descriptors. However, color information presents important information has been largely ignored by FREAK. Hence, this research proposed a new illumination invariant feature based on FREAK descriptor in RGB color space for mobile markerless AR. Red, green and blue color channel will applied separately to FREAK descriptor. Hence, there are four types of descriptor been introduce; Red-FREAK, Green-FREAK, Blue-FREAK and RGB-FREAK. The proposed color FREAK descriptors are evaluated using images of different illumination color from Amsterdam Library of Object Image...
Journal of theoretical and applied information technology, 2018
Discrete mathematics is an important subject in the learning of information technology especially... more Discrete mathematics is an important subject in the learning of information technology especially for programming and software development. It is a compulsory subject offered to first year students of Undergraduate Degrees in the Faculty of Technology and Information Sciences (FTSM). Discrete mathematics is a subject that is difficult to learn because it involves many theory and concepts. Until recently, Discrete Mathematics modules are mainly taught in a traditional way whereby students are given lectures and tutorials only in the classroom. Students rely on textbooks and lecture notes provided by lecturers. Such approach is not suitable for students in Generation Z. Students in Generation Z will find it hard to learn as learning happens only in the classroom and it leads to boredom. Massive Online Open Course (MOOC) is a web-based learning that can be accessed anywhere and anytime. Integrating the technology into learning process can help improve understanding of the subject matte...
Breast cancer patients who require breast biopsy have increased over the past years and Stereotac... more Breast cancer patients who require breast biopsy have increased over the past years and Stereotactic Biopsy uses series of images to carefully position the imaging equipment and target the area of concern. However, it has the constraint of accurate 3D Tumor visualization. An Augmented Reality (AR) Guidance Biopsy system of breast has become the method of choice for researchers, yet this AR tumor visualization has limitation to the extent of superimposing the 3D Imaging Data only. In this paper, a framework to visualize 3D breast tumor technique is being introduced to accurately visualize 3D tumor to see through the skin of US-9 Opaque breast phantom on a mobile display. This mobile AR visualization technique consists of 4 phases where it initially acquires the image from Computed Tomography (CT) or Magnetic Resonance Images (MRI) and processes the medical images into 3D slices, secondly, it will purify these 3D grayscale slices into 3D breast tumor model using 3D modeling reconstruc...
IEEE Access, 2021
Urban areas are facing challenges in waste management systems due to the rapid growth of populati... more Urban areas are facing challenges in waste management systems due to the rapid growth of population in cities, causing huge amount of waste generation. As traditional waste management system is highly inefficient and costly, the waste of resources can be utilized efficiently with the integration of the internet of things (IoT) and deep learning model. The main purpose of this research is to develop a smart waste management system using the deep learning model that improves the waste segregation process and enables monitoring of bin status in an IoT environment. The SSD MobileNetV2 Quantized is used and trained with the dataset that consists of paper, cardboard, glass, metal, and plastic for waste classification and categorization. By integrating the trained model on TensorFlow Lite and Raspberry Pi 4, the camera module detects the waste and the servo motor, connected to a plastic board, categorizes the waste into the respective waste compartment. The ultrasonic sensor monitors the waste fill percentage, and a GPS module obtains the real-time latitude and longitude. The LoRa module on the smart bin sends the status of the bin to the LoRa receiver at 915 MHz. The electronic components of the smart bin are protected with RFID based locker, where only the registered RFID tag can be used to unlock for maintenance or upgrading purposes.
Soft Computing Approach for Mathematical Modeling of Engineering Problems, 2021
The Fourth industrial revolution (IR 4.0) saw the emergence of computer vision and artificial int... more The Fourth industrial revolution (IR 4.0) saw the emergence of computer vision and artificial intelligence in creating smart imaging systems that can replace human vision and decision making especially to predict models for autonomous vehicles. In this context, advanced prediction of probable collision in real time scenario is an unsolved problem especially in the use of artificial intelligence and computer vision for autonomous vehicles. This research proposed an efficient collision avoidance model to avoid collision in real time scenario. Proposed model differs from other methods in a way that it does not require any other equipment like sensors for measuring distance between the vehicles. Proposed collision avoidance model estimates the relation between distance and size of the vehicle in real time scenario to generate an approximate notion of distance between the vehicles. Then, the ratio of distance between vehicles and size of the vehicle was used to depict vehicles that are in potentially dangerous positions for probable collision. Proposed collision avoidance model was experimented in the real-time traffic and experimental results showed that the model could detect vehicles in order to avoid the probable collisions efficiently. Proposed model is expected to be a possible tool in dealing with future demand of autonomous vehicles with the increase of 4IR technologies.
Virtual Reality, 2021
The incorporation of both virtual content and real world in augmented reality (AR) allows real-ti... more The incorporation of both virtual content and real world in augmented reality (AR) allows real-time engagement with the virtual objects. The selection of an appropriate tracking algorithm is important to optimise the performance of mobile AR applications given the limited processing capabilities and memories of mobile devices like smartphones. Tracking in AR consists of four essential components, namely detector, descriptor, matcher, and pose estimator. Since a descriptor substantially affects the overall performance of a mobile AR application, it must have short computational time and remains invariant to scale, rotation, and lighting changes. Studies have proposed Fast Retina Keypoint (FREAK) descriptor as the most suitable descriptor for mobile AR applications. Unlike other greyscale descriptors, FREAK has shorter computational time and is less likely to be affected by scale and rotation changes. However, it overlooks the vital colour space information. Focusing on enhancing the efficiency and robustness of FREAK, this study proposed the use of CRH-FREAK (RGB + HSV) descriptor and applied the vertical concatenation technique that combined all extracted keypoints vertically. The robustness of the proposed descriptors against scale, rotation, and lighting changes was verified using Mikolajczyk and Amsterdam Library of Object Images (ALOI) datasets. The developed CRH-FREAK descriptors used six colour spaces to describe the keypoints, which made them slower than the original FREAK. However, the size reduction of CRH-FREAK from 512 bits to 128 bits in this study successfully reduced the computational time to 29.49 ms, which was found comparable to the original FREAK. The improved efficiency and robustness of a 128-bit CRH-FREAK descriptor benefit the future development of mobile AR applications that remain invariant to scale, rotation, and lighting changes.
Journal of Information System and Technology Management, 2021
It has been a challenge for Malaysia to handle solid waste management for more than a decade. The... more It has been a challenge for Malaysia to handle solid waste management for more than a decade. The increase in population size has led to an increase in the waste amount contributed by Malaysians. Due to that, proper solid waste management is essential in protecting the environment. There are many ways to execute solid waste management but developing countries may find it challenging to find the best way to dispose of waste efficiently. The same phenomenon seems to happen on university campuses as well. This article aims to propose a smart waste management system for university campuses. Most of the related work concentrates on detecting bin levels, despite making it a full-fledged system that comprises several modules regardless of web or mobile platform. A prototype of a smart bin is proposed, and this paper discusses its architecture and functionality. A web-based user application is also proposed in this article. With these components, the system enables the user to obtain inform...
Journal of Information System and Technology Management, 2021
Security has recently been given the highest priority with the rise in the number of antisocial a... more Security has recently been given the highest priority with the rise in the number of antisocial activations taking place. To continuously track individuals and their interactions, CCTVs have been built in several ways. Every person is recorded on an image on average 30 times a day in a developed world with a community of 1.6 billion. The resolution of 710*570 captured at knitting will approximate 20 GB per day. Constant monitoring of human data makes it hard to judge whether the incident is an irregular one, and it is an almost uphill struggle when a population and its full support are needed. In this paper, we make a system for the detection of suspicious activity using CCTV surveillance video. There seems to be a need to demonstrate in which frame the behavior is located as well as which section of it allows the faster judgment of the suspicious activity is unusual. This is done by converting the video into frames and analyzing the persons and their activates from the processed fr...