Khairul Naim | Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (original) (raw)

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Thesis Chapters by Khairul Naim

Research paper thumbnail of Simulation of Ethyl Acetate Synthesis via Reactive Distillation Bachelor Final Year Project

Ethyl acetate (EtAc) is mainly used as solvent in paints, adhesives and coatings, eliminating the... more Ethyl acetate (EtAc) is mainly used as solvent in paints, adhesives and coatings, eliminating the use of aromatic compounds. Reactive distillation is a type of process intensification in which the separation and reaction is combined in one vessel. In this work, reactive distillation (RD) process for EtAc was implemented using process simulator Aspen HYSYS by applying the data obtained from the bibliography. A sensitive analysis was performed to determine the effects of key design and operating variables on column performance and, subsequently, an optimal column configuration was obtained

Papers by Khairul Naim

Research paper thumbnail of Simulation of ethyl acetate synthesis via reactive distillation

Ethyl acetate (EtAc) is mainly used as solvent in paints, adhesives and coatings, eliminating the... more Ethyl acetate (EtAc) is mainly used as solvent in paints, adhesives and coatings, eliminating the use of aromatic compounds. Reactive distillation is a type of process intensification in which the separation and reaction is combined in one vessel. In this work, reactive distillation (RD) process for EtAc was implemented using process simulator Aspen HYSYS by applying the data obtained from the bibliography. A sensitive analysis was performed to determine the effects of key design and operating variables on column performance and, subsequently, an optimal column configuration was obtained

Research paper thumbnail of Improving the electrocatalytic activity for formic acid oxidation of bimetallic Ir–Zn nanoparticles decorated on graphene nanoplatelets

Materials Research Express, 2020

A graphene nanoplatelet (GNP)-supported Ir–Zn catalyst (Ir–Zn/GNP) was fabricated by H2 reduction... more A graphene nanoplatelet (GNP)-supported Ir–Zn catalyst (Ir–Zn/GNP) was fabricated by H2 reduction to discover an alternative for non-platinum and non-palladium catalysts as an anode catalyst in direct formic acid fuel cell (DFAFC). The obtained Ir–Zn/GNP catalyst with ratio of Ir:Zn = 50:50 (Ir50Zn50/GNP) exhibited better electrocatalytic activity than GNP-supported iridium catalyst (Ir/GNP) for formic acid oxidation. Although the oxidation peak current density of Ir50Zn50/GNP was slightly lower than that of Ir/GNP, the oxidation peak potential shifted more negatively (193 mV) than Ir/GNP with higher value of the ratio of forward scan to reverse the scan peak current (If/Ib). The presence of Zn also enhanced the power density and current generation with increased performance stability in a passive DFAFC cell tests. The improvement of the electrochemical performance was ascribed to the ensemble effect where the addition of Zn could modify the Ir atom arrangement, thereby promoting th...

Research paper thumbnail of Facile Preparation of Carbon Nitride-ZnO Hybrid Adsorbent for CO2 Capture: The Significant Role of Amine Source to Metal Oxide Ratio

Catalysts

The presence of CO2 in gaseous fuel and feedstock stream of chemical reaction was always consider... more The presence of CO2 in gaseous fuel and feedstock stream of chemical reaction was always considered undesirable. High CO2 content will decrease quality and heating value of gaseous fuel, such as biohydrogen, which needs a practical approach to remove it. Thus, this work aims to introduce the first C3N4-metal oxide hybrid for the CO2 cleaning application from a mixture of CO2-H2 gas. The samples were tested for their chemical and physical properties, using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), physical adsorption analysis (BET), fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), x-ray diffraction (XRD), and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The CO2 capacity test was carried out by means of a breakthrough test at 1 atm and 25° C using air as a desorption system. Among the samples, amine/metal oxide mass ratio of 2:1 (CNHP500-2(2-1)) showed the best performance of 26.9 wt. % (6.11 mmol/g), with a stable capacity over 6 consecutive cycles. Th...

Research paper thumbnail of Facile Preparation of Carbon Nitride-ZnO Hybrid Adsorbent for CO2 Capture: The Significant Role of Amine Source to Metal Oxide Ratio

Catalysts, 2021

The presence of CO2 in gaseous fuel and feedstock stream of chemical reaction was always consider... more The presence of CO2 in gaseous fuel and feedstock stream of chemical reaction was always considered undesirable. High CO2 content will decrease quality and heating value of gaseous fuel, such as biohydrogen, which needs a practical approach to remove it. Thus, this work aims to introduce the first C3N4-metal oxide hybrid for the CO2 cleaning application from a mixture of CO2-H2 gas. The samples were tested for their chemical and physical properties, using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), physical adsorption analysis (BET), fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), x-ray diffraction (XRD), and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The CO2 capacity test was carried out by means of a breakthrough test at 1 atm and 25◦ C using air as a desorption system. Among the samples, amine/metal oxide mass ratio of 2:1 (CNHP500-2(2-1)) showed the best performance of 26.9 wt. % (6.11 mmol/g), with a stable capacity over 6 consecutive cycles. The hybrid sample also showed 3 times better performance than the raw C3N4. In addition, it was observed that the hydrothermal C3N4 synthesis method demonstrated improved chemical properties and adsorption performance than the conventional dry pyrolysis method. In summary, the performance of hybrid samples depends on the different interactive factors of surface area, pore size and distribution, basicity, concentration of amine precursors, ratio of amines precursors to metal oxide, and framework stability

Research paper thumbnail of Improving the electrocatalytic activity for formic acid oxidation of bimetallic Ir–Zn nanoparticles decorated on graphene nanoplatelets

Materials Research Express, 2020

A graphene nanoplatelet (GNP)-supported Ir-Zn catalyst (Ir-Zn/GNP) was fabricated by H2 reduction... more A graphene nanoplatelet (GNP)-supported Ir-Zn catalyst (Ir-Zn/GNP) was fabricated by H2 reduction to discover an alternative for non-platinum and non-palladium catalysts as an anode catalyst in direct formic acid fuel cell (DFAFC). The obtained Ir-Zn/GNP catalyst with ratio of Ir: Zn = 50:50 (Ir50Zn50/GNP) exhibited better electrocatalytic activity than GNP-supported iridium catalyst (Ir/GNP) for formic acid oxidation. Although the oxidation peak current density of Ir50Zn50/GNP was slightly lower than that of Ir/GNP, the oxidation peak potential shifted more negatively (193 mV) than Ir/GNP with higher value of the ratio of forward scan to reverse the scan peak current (If/Ib). The presence of Zn also enhanced the power density and current generation with increased performance stability in a passive DFAFC cell tests. The improvement of the electrochemical performance was ascribed to the ensemble effect where the addition of Zn could modify the Ir atom arrangement, thereby promoting the oxidation through dehydrogenation pathway. However, extremely high Zn content would inhibit oxidation capability because Zn atoms might reduce the Ir catalytic sites. A new alternative for non-Pt and non-Pd anode catalysts for DFAFC applications was successfully achieved.

Research paper thumbnail of Simulation of Ethyl Acetate Synthesis via Reactive Distillation Bachelor Final Year Project

Ethyl acetate (EtAc) is mainly used as solvent in paints, adhesives and coatings, eliminating the... more Ethyl acetate (EtAc) is mainly used as solvent in paints, adhesives and coatings, eliminating the use of aromatic compounds. Reactive distillation is a type of process intensification in which the separation and reaction is combined in one vessel. In this work, reactive distillation (RD) process for EtAc was implemented using process simulator Aspen HYSYS by applying the data obtained from the bibliography. A sensitive analysis was performed to determine the effects of key design and operating variables on column performance and, subsequently, an optimal column configuration was obtained

Research paper thumbnail of Simulation of ethyl acetate synthesis via reactive distillation

Ethyl acetate (EtAc) is mainly used as solvent in paints, adhesives and coatings, eliminating the... more Ethyl acetate (EtAc) is mainly used as solvent in paints, adhesives and coatings, eliminating the use of aromatic compounds. Reactive distillation is a type of process intensification in which the separation and reaction is combined in one vessel. In this work, reactive distillation (RD) process for EtAc was implemented using process simulator Aspen HYSYS by applying the data obtained from the bibliography. A sensitive analysis was performed to determine the effects of key design and operating variables on column performance and, subsequently, an optimal column configuration was obtained

Research paper thumbnail of Improving the electrocatalytic activity for formic acid oxidation of bimetallic Ir–Zn nanoparticles decorated on graphene nanoplatelets

Materials Research Express, 2020

A graphene nanoplatelet (GNP)-supported Ir–Zn catalyst (Ir–Zn/GNP) was fabricated by H2 reduction... more A graphene nanoplatelet (GNP)-supported Ir–Zn catalyst (Ir–Zn/GNP) was fabricated by H2 reduction to discover an alternative for non-platinum and non-palladium catalysts as an anode catalyst in direct formic acid fuel cell (DFAFC). The obtained Ir–Zn/GNP catalyst with ratio of Ir:Zn = 50:50 (Ir50Zn50/GNP) exhibited better electrocatalytic activity than GNP-supported iridium catalyst (Ir/GNP) for formic acid oxidation. Although the oxidation peak current density of Ir50Zn50/GNP was slightly lower than that of Ir/GNP, the oxidation peak potential shifted more negatively (193 mV) than Ir/GNP with higher value of the ratio of forward scan to reverse the scan peak current (If/Ib). The presence of Zn also enhanced the power density and current generation with increased performance stability in a passive DFAFC cell tests. The improvement of the electrochemical performance was ascribed to the ensemble effect where the addition of Zn could modify the Ir atom arrangement, thereby promoting th...

Research paper thumbnail of Facile Preparation of Carbon Nitride-ZnO Hybrid Adsorbent for CO2 Capture: The Significant Role of Amine Source to Metal Oxide Ratio

Catalysts

The presence of CO2 in gaseous fuel and feedstock stream of chemical reaction was always consider... more The presence of CO2 in gaseous fuel and feedstock stream of chemical reaction was always considered undesirable. High CO2 content will decrease quality and heating value of gaseous fuel, such as biohydrogen, which needs a practical approach to remove it. Thus, this work aims to introduce the first C3N4-metal oxide hybrid for the CO2 cleaning application from a mixture of CO2-H2 gas. The samples were tested for their chemical and physical properties, using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), physical adsorption analysis (BET), fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), x-ray diffraction (XRD), and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The CO2 capacity test was carried out by means of a breakthrough test at 1 atm and 25° C using air as a desorption system. Among the samples, amine/metal oxide mass ratio of 2:1 (CNHP500-2(2-1)) showed the best performance of 26.9 wt. % (6.11 mmol/g), with a stable capacity over 6 consecutive cycles. Th...

Research paper thumbnail of Facile Preparation of Carbon Nitride-ZnO Hybrid Adsorbent for CO2 Capture: The Significant Role of Amine Source to Metal Oxide Ratio

Catalysts, 2021

The presence of CO2 in gaseous fuel and feedstock stream of chemical reaction was always consider... more The presence of CO2 in gaseous fuel and feedstock stream of chemical reaction was always considered undesirable. High CO2 content will decrease quality and heating value of gaseous fuel, such as biohydrogen, which needs a practical approach to remove it. Thus, this work aims to introduce the first C3N4-metal oxide hybrid for the CO2 cleaning application from a mixture of CO2-H2 gas. The samples were tested for their chemical and physical properties, using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), physical adsorption analysis (BET), fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), x-ray diffraction (XRD), and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The CO2 capacity test was carried out by means of a breakthrough test at 1 atm and 25◦ C using air as a desorption system. Among the samples, amine/metal oxide mass ratio of 2:1 (CNHP500-2(2-1)) showed the best performance of 26.9 wt. % (6.11 mmol/g), with a stable capacity over 6 consecutive cycles. The hybrid sample also showed 3 times better performance than the raw C3N4. In addition, it was observed that the hydrothermal C3N4 synthesis method demonstrated improved chemical properties and adsorption performance than the conventional dry pyrolysis method. In summary, the performance of hybrid samples depends on the different interactive factors of surface area, pore size and distribution, basicity, concentration of amine precursors, ratio of amines precursors to metal oxide, and framework stability

Research paper thumbnail of Improving the electrocatalytic activity for formic acid oxidation of bimetallic Ir–Zn nanoparticles decorated on graphene nanoplatelets

Materials Research Express, 2020

A graphene nanoplatelet (GNP)-supported Ir-Zn catalyst (Ir-Zn/GNP) was fabricated by H2 reduction... more A graphene nanoplatelet (GNP)-supported Ir-Zn catalyst (Ir-Zn/GNP) was fabricated by H2 reduction to discover an alternative for non-platinum and non-palladium catalysts as an anode catalyst in direct formic acid fuel cell (DFAFC). The obtained Ir-Zn/GNP catalyst with ratio of Ir: Zn = 50:50 (Ir50Zn50/GNP) exhibited better electrocatalytic activity than GNP-supported iridium catalyst (Ir/GNP) for formic acid oxidation. Although the oxidation peak current density of Ir50Zn50/GNP was slightly lower than that of Ir/GNP, the oxidation peak potential shifted more negatively (193 mV) than Ir/GNP with higher value of the ratio of forward scan to reverse the scan peak current (If/Ib). The presence of Zn also enhanced the power density and current generation with increased performance stability in a passive DFAFC cell tests. The improvement of the electrochemical performance was ascribed to the ensemble effect where the addition of Zn could modify the Ir atom arrangement, thereby promoting the oxidation through dehydrogenation pathway. However, extremely high Zn content would inhibit oxidation capability because Zn atoms might reduce the Ir catalytic sites. A new alternative for non-Pt and non-Pd anode catalysts for DFAFC applications was successfully achieved.