teoh jian woei | National University of Malaysia (original) (raw)
Papers by teoh jian woei
Diagnosis and treatment of the nasal type of Natural Killer (NK)/T-Cell Lymphoma can be challengi... more Diagnosis and treatment of the nasal type of Natural Killer (NK)/T-Cell Lymphoma can be challenging. NK/T-Cell lymphoma of the nasal type is very aggressive and invasive and may present with nonspecific symptoms. This usually leads to delay in diagnosis and initiation of treatment. Lymphomatous lesions show areas of necrosis and hence multiple biopsies are usually needed for histopathological diagnosis with the aid of immunochemistry. We report the case of nasal type NK/T-Cell lymphoma in a middle aged lady who presented with unilateral nasal blockage, constitutional symptoms and soft palate perforating ulcer with delay in diagnosis.
International Tinnitus Journal, Dec 31, 2022
Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the reliability and accuracy of chirp-based M... more Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the reliability and accuracy of chirp-based Multiple Auditory Steady State Response (MSSR) and Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR) in children. Methods: The prospective clinical study was conducted at Selayang Hospital (SH) and Hospital Canselor Tuanku Muhriz (HCTM) within one year. A total of 38 children ranging from 3 to 18 years old underwent hearing evaluation using ABR tests and MSSR under sedation. The duration of both tests were then compared. Results: The estimated hearing threshold of frequency specific chirp MSSR showed good correlation with ABR especially in higher frequencies such as 2000 Hz and 4000Hz with the value of cronbach alpha of 0.890, 0.933, 0.970 and 0.969 on 500Hz, 1000Hz, 2000Hz and 4000Hz. The sensitivity of MSSR is 0.786, 0.75, 0.957 and 0.889 and specificity is 0.85, 0.882, 0.979 and 0.966 over 500Hz, 1000Hz, 2000Hz and 4000Hz. The duration of MSSR tests were shorter than ABR tests in normal hearing children with an average of 35.3 minutes for MSSR tests and 46.4 minutes for ABR tests. This can also be seen in children with hearing loss where the average duration for MSSR tests is 40.0 minutes and 52.0 minutes for ABR tests. Conclusion: MSSR showed good correlation and reliability in comparison with ABR especially on higher frequencies. Hence, MSSR is a good clinical test to diagnose children with hearing loss.
The Medical journal of Malaysia, 2014
hemangiopericytoma (hPC) is a rare tumor by definition and intracranial hPC makes up to less than... more hemangiopericytoma (hPC) is a rare tumor by definition and intracranial hPC makes up to less than one percent of all the intracranial tumors. It is a dural base tumor and its clinical features and radiological findings are similar to meningiomas. however, cerebellopontine angle hemangipericytoma had only been reported twice and would almost always be misdiagnosed. definite diagnosis is important, as the treatment of hPC is different from meningiomas and acoustic neuromas. we report a case of a young female who presented with atypical symptoms of left cerebellopontine angle mass. A literature review of the nature of the disease, radiological findings, immunohistochemical features and treatment options of the tumor are described.
Reports of Practical Oncology & Radiotherapy, 2014
The objective of our review is to investigate the association between dermatomyositis patients an... more The objective of our review is to investigate the association between dermatomyositis patients and nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) together with the clinical presentation of the patients and their management in otorhinolaryngology. Background: NPC is a malignant disease with good prognosis on early diagnosis. However, the relationship between the dermatomyositis and NPC and its management is not well defined. Materials and methods: A 10-year retrospective review of case records of 21 dermatomyositis patients seen in Otorhinolaryngology Department of Hospital Selayang from January 2000 to November 2010. Results: These patients ranged from 19 to 74 years old and a total of 8 (38%) out of 21 adults with dermatomyositis were detected to have malignancy. Five out of 8 patients had NPC (62.5%). The mean age of patients with NPC and dermatomyositis was 48 years. NPC is diagnosed in 4 out of 5 patients (80%) in the first year of diagnosis of dermatomyositis. The clinical findings of the examination of nasopharynx ranged from hyperemia to exophytic nasopharyngeal mass. Histologically, it is only related to NPC of WHO types II and III. Conclusions: There is a strong relationship between dermatomyositis and malignancy, especially NPC. Clinicians should have a high index of suspicion for malignancy in all
Singapore Medical Journal, 2013
hemangiopericytoma (hPC) is a rare tumor by definition and intracranial hPC makes up to less than... more hemangiopericytoma (hPC) is a rare tumor by definition and intracranial hPC makes up to less than one percent of all the intracranial tumors. It is a dural base tumor and its clinical features and radiological findings are similar to meningiomas. however, cerebellopontine angle hemangipericytoma had only been reported twice and would almost always be misdiagnosed. definite diagnosis is important, as the treatment of hPC is different from meningiomas and acoustic neuromas. we report a case of a young female who presented with atypical symptoms of left cerebellopontine angle mass. A literature review of the nature of the disease, radiological findings, immunohistochemical features and treatment options of the tumor are described.
Eastern Journal Of Medicine
A pseudomeningocele is an abnormal collection of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) that communicates with... more A pseudomeningocele is an abnormal collection of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) that communicates with the CSF space around the brain or spinal cord. We describe a rare case of spontaneous non-traumatic pseudomeningocele in a 28 year-old gentleman who presented with delayed puberty associated with headache. Computed tomography revealed an expansile mass over bilateral sphenoid sinuses. Magnetic resonance imaging supported the diagnosis of sphenoid mucocele. A transnasal transphenoidal endoscopic sphenoidotomy was performed. Intraoperatively, despite an anatomical puncture through the sphenoid ostium, alarmingly, the opening leaked out CSF. A dehiscent was identified with a dural opening. This was repaired with multilayer technique. Clinical improvement was observed post-operatively. The case reported here is unusual as they presented on imaging as a fluid collection in sphenoid sinus simulating a mucocoele, but were filled with CSF and represent pseudomeningocele. Surgeons should be alert to the presence of pseudomeningocele as they can mimic a mucocele or nasal polyp.
Eastern Journal Of Medicine, 2016
A pseudomeningocele is an abnormal collection of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) that communicates with... more A pseudomeningocele is an abnormal collection of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) that communicates with the CSF space around the brain or spinal cord. We describe a rare case of spontaneous non-traumatic pseudomeningocele in a 28 year-old gentleman who presented with delayed puberty associated with headache. Computed tomography revealed an expansile mass over bilateral sphenoid sinuses. Magnetic resonance imaging supported the diagnosis of sphenoid mucocele. A transnasal transphenoidal endoscopic sphenoidotomy was performed. Intraoperatively, despite an anatomical puncture through the sphenoid ostium, alarmingly, the opening leaked out CSF. A dehiscent was identified with a dural opening. This was repaired with multilayer technique. Clinical improvement was observed post-operatively. The case reported here is unusual as they presented on imaging as a fluid collection in sphenoid sinus simulating a mucocoele, but were filled with CSF and represent pseudomeningocele. Surgeons should be alert to the presence of pseudomeningocele as they can mimic a mucocele or nasal polyp.
hemangiopericytoma (hPC) is a rare tumor by definition and intracranial hPC makes up to less than... more hemangiopericytoma (hPC) is a rare tumor by definition and
intracranial hPC makes up to less than one percent of all the
intracranial tumors. It is a dural base tumor and its clinical
features and radiological findings are similar to meningiomas.
however, cerebellopontine angle hemangipericytoma had only
been reported twice and would almost always be
misdiagnosed. definite diagnosis is important, as the
treatment of hPC is different from meningiomas and acoustic
neuromas. we report a case of a young female who presented
with atypical symptoms of left cerebellopontine angle mass.
A literature review of the nature of the disease, radiological
findings, immunohistochemical features and treatment
options of the tumor are described
Aim: The objective of our review is to investigate the association between dermatomyositispatient... more Aim: The objective of our review is to investigate the association between dermatomyositispatients and nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) together with the clinical presentation of thepatients and their management in otorhinolaryngology.
Background: NPC is a malignant disease with good prognosis on early diagnosis. However,the relationship between the dermatomyositis and NPC and its management is not welldefined.
Materials and methods: A 10-year retrospective review of case records of 21 dermatomyositispatients seen in Otorhinolaryngology Department of Hospital Selayang from January 2000 to November 2010.
Results: These patients ranged from 19 to 74 years old and a total of 8 (38%) out of 21 adultswith dermatomyositis were detected to have malignancy. Five out of 8 patients had NPC(62.5%). The mean age of patients with NPC and dermatomyositis was 48 years. NPC isdiagnosed in 4 out of 5 patients (80%) in the first year of diagnosis of dermatomyositis. Theclinical findings of the examination of nasopharynx ranged from hyperemia to exophyticnasopharyngeal mass. Histologically, it is only related to NPC of WHO types II and III.
Conclusions: There is a strong relationship between dermatomyositis and malignancy,especially NPC. Clinicians should have a high index of suspicion for malignancy in all dermatomyositis patients. Rigid nasoendoscopies and biopsies, serum Epstein–Barr viralcapsid IgA antibody and imaging studies are helpful in detecting NPC in dermatomyositispatients.
Diagnosis and treatment of the nasal type of Natural Killer (NK)/T-Cell Lymphoma can be challengi... more Diagnosis and treatment of the nasal type of Natural Killer (NK)/T-Cell Lymphoma can be challenging.
NK/T-Cell lymphoma of the nasal type is very aggressive and invasive and may present with nonspecific
symptoms. This usually leads to delay in diagnosis and initiation of treatment. Lymphomatous
lesions show areas of necrosis and hence multiple biopsies are usually needed for histopathological diagnosis
with the aid of immunochemistry. We report the case of nasal type NK/T-Cell lymphoma in a
middle aged lady who presented with unilateral nasal blockage, constitutional symptoms and soft palate
perforating ulcer with delay in diagnosis.
ABSTRACT Isolated laryngeal histoplasmosis is a very rare entity. It has variable clinical presen... more ABSTRACT Isolated laryngeal histoplasmosis is a very rare entity. It has variable clinical presentations that might
mimic both benign and malignant lesions, and is usually associated with pulmonary and other disseminated forms
of histoplasmosis. Herein, we report a case of primary laryngeal histoplasmosis without the involvement of other
systems in a 70-year-old Chinese man, who previously worked as a miner. He presented with a history of hoarseness
for two months, with no other associated symptoms. Direct laryngoscopy revealed irregularity of the posterior onethird
of both vocal folds. Histopathological examination revealed the presence of Histoplasma capsulatum on periodic
acid-Schiff and Grocott’s methenamine silver staining. The lesion resolved after one month of oral itraconazole
treatment. However, the patient had to complete six months of antifungal treatment to prevent recurrence.
ejmanager.com
Congenital cholesteatoma is a disease of young. However, it also been reported in adult and also ... more Congenital cholesteatoma is a disease of young. However, it also been reported in adult and also elderly. Computed tomography (CT) scan is a gold standard for cholesteatoma imaging but magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) offer a better option in recurrent disease and fusion of MRI and CT scan should be considered in complicated disease. Canal wall down mastoidectomy is the treatment of choice for more extensive cholesteatoma but the risk of recurrent is depend more on extent of the disease rather than type of operations. We are reporting an adult diagnosed to have congenital cholesteatoma complicated by facial nerve palsy with normal tympanic membrane. (Rawal Med J 2012;37:214-216).
Brunei International …
Cholesteatoma is an aggressive disease and its management poses a greater challenge in children t... more Cholesteatoma is an aggressive disease and its management poses a greater challenge in children than in adults. This study reviews the experience of Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre in the clinical presentation and management outcome of acquired cholesteatoma in paediatrics that required surgical interventions. Materials and Methods: A retrospective review of case records of patients below 18 years old who underwent surgery from 1999 to 2010. Results: A total of 46 patients presented with 53 cases of cholesteatoma in which seven patients had bilateral disease. The age of presentation ranged from four to 18 years old with a mean age of 12 years. Male and female patients were 65% and 35% respectively. Otorrhoea or previous history of otorrhoea on presentation was found in 94% and 96% of them had hearing impairment. Cerebellopontine angle abscess, sigmoid sinus thrombosis and mastoiditis were among the complications. Tympanic membrane was retracted in 64% while 47% having had attic retraction and 53% had total atelectasis. A majority (85%) underwent canal wall down surgery with or without tympanoplasty. Post-operatively, 71% had improvement or preserved hearing level. The duration of follow up ranged from one month to 13 years and a quarter had recurrent disease and underwent revision surgeries. Conclusion: Majority of the cholesteatoma patients suffered from hearing loss and otorrhoea. Tympanic membrane retraction remained the most common clinical finding. Hence, children with persistent otorrhoea after adequate treatment may represent cholesteatoma. Surgical options of canal wall up and canal wall down procedures have equal risk of recurrence.
Diagnosis and treatment of the nasal type of Natural Killer (NK)/T-Cell Lymphoma can be challengi... more Diagnosis and treatment of the nasal type of Natural Killer (NK)/T-Cell Lymphoma can be challenging. NK/T-Cell lymphoma of the nasal type is very aggressive and invasive and may present with nonspecific symptoms. This usually leads to delay in diagnosis and initiation of treatment. Lymphomatous lesions show areas of necrosis and hence multiple biopsies are usually needed for histopathological diagnosis with the aid of immunochemistry. We report the case of nasal type NK/T-Cell lymphoma in a middle aged lady who presented with unilateral nasal blockage, constitutional symptoms and soft palate perforating ulcer with delay in diagnosis.
International Tinnitus Journal, Dec 31, 2022
Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the reliability and accuracy of chirp-based M... more Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the reliability and accuracy of chirp-based Multiple Auditory Steady State Response (MSSR) and Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR) in children. Methods: The prospective clinical study was conducted at Selayang Hospital (SH) and Hospital Canselor Tuanku Muhriz (HCTM) within one year. A total of 38 children ranging from 3 to 18 years old underwent hearing evaluation using ABR tests and MSSR under sedation. The duration of both tests were then compared. Results: The estimated hearing threshold of frequency specific chirp MSSR showed good correlation with ABR especially in higher frequencies such as 2000 Hz and 4000Hz with the value of cronbach alpha of 0.890, 0.933, 0.970 and 0.969 on 500Hz, 1000Hz, 2000Hz and 4000Hz. The sensitivity of MSSR is 0.786, 0.75, 0.957 and 0.889 and specificity is 0.85, 0.882, 0.979 and 0.966 over 500Hz, 1000Hz, 2000Hz and 4000Hz. The duration of MSSR tests were shorter than ABR tests in normal hearing children with an average of 35.3 minutes for MSSR tests and 46.4 minutes for ABR tests. This can also be seen in children with hearing loss where the average duration for MSSR tests is 40.0 minutes and 52.0 minutes for ABR tests. Conclusion: MSSR showed good correlation and reliability in comparison with ABR especially on higher frequencies. Hence, MSSR is a good clinical test to diagnose children with hearing loss.
The Medical journal of Malaysia, 2014
hemangiopericytoma (hPC) is a rare tumor by definition and intracranial hPC makes up to less than... more hemangiopericytoma (hPC) is a rare tumor by definition and intracranial hPC makes up to less than one percent of all the intracranial tumors. It is a dural base tumor and its clinical features and radiological findings are similar to meningiomas. however, cerebellopontine angle hemangipericytoma had only been reported twice and would almost always be misdiagnosed. definite diagnosis is important, as the treatment of hPC is different from meningiomas and acoustic neuromas. we report a case of a young female who presented with atypical symptoms of left cerebellopontine angle mass. A literature review of the nature of the disease, radiological findings, immunohistochemical features and treatment options of the tumor are described.
Reports of Practical Oncology & Radiotherapy, 2014
The objective of our review is to investigate the association between dermatomyositis patients an... more The objective of our review is to investigate the association between dermatomyositis patients and nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) together with the clinical presentation of the patients and their management in otorhinolaryngology. Background: NPC is a malignant disease with good prognosis on early diagnosis. However, the relationship between the dermatomyositis and NPC and its management is not well defined. Materials and methods: A 10-year retrospective review of case records of 21 dermatomyositis patients seen in Otorhinolaryngology Department of Hospital Selayang from January 2000 to November 2010. Results: These patients ranged from 19 to 74 years old and a total of 8 (38%) out of 21 adults with dermatomyositis were detected to have malignancy. Five out of 8 patients had NPC (62.5%). The mean age of patients with NPC and dermatomyositis was 48 years. NPC is diagnosed in 4 out of 5 patients (80%) in the first year of diagnosis of dermatomyositis. The clinical findings of the examination of nasopharynx ranged from hyperemia to exophytic nasopharyngeal mass. Histologically, it is only related to NPC of WHO types II and III. Conclusions: There is a strong relationship between dermatomyositis and malignancy, especially NPC. Clinicians should have a high index of suspicion for malignancy in all
Singapore Medical Journal, 2013
hemangiopericytoma (hPC) is a rare tumor by definition and intracranial hPC makes up to less than... more hemangiopericytoma (hPC) is a rare tumor by definition and intracranial hPC makes up to less than one percent of all the intracranial tumors. It is a dural base tumor and its clinical features and radiological findings are similar to meningiomas. however, cerebellopontine angle hemangipericytoma had only been reported twice and would almost always be misdiagnosed. definite diagnosis is important, as the treatment of hPC is different from meningiomas and acoustic neuromas. we report a case of a young female who presented with atypical symptoms of left cerebellopontine angle mass. A literature review of the nature of the disease, radiological findings, immunohistochemical features and treatment options of the tumor are described.
Eastern Journal Of Medicine
A pseudomeningocele is an abnormal collection of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) that communicates with... more A pseudomeningocele is an abnormal collection of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) that communicates with the CSF space around the brain or spinal cord. We describe a rare case of spontaneous non-traumatic pseudomeningocele in a 28 year-old gentleman who presented with delayed puberty associated with headache. Computed tomography revealed an expansile mass over bilateral sphenoid sinuses. Magnetic resonance imaging supported the diagnosis of sphenoid mucocele. A transnasal transphenoidal endoscopic sphenoidotomy was performed. Intraoperatively, despite an anatomical puncture through the sphenoid ostium, alarmingly, the opening leaked out CSF. A dehiscent was identified with a dural opening. This was repaired with multilayer technique. Clinical improvement was observed post-operatively. The case reported here is unusual as they presented on imaging as a fluid collection in sphenoid sinus simulating a mucocoele, but were filled with CSF and represent pseudomeningocele. Surgeons should be alert to the presence of pseudomeningocele as they can mimic a mucocele or nasal polyp.
Eastern Journal Of Medicine, 2016
A pseudomeningocele is an abnormal collection of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) that communicates with... more A pseudomeningocele is an abnormal collection of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) that communicates with the CSF space around the brain or spinal cord. We describe a rare case of spontaneous non-traumatic pseudomeningocele in a 28 year-old gentleman who presented with delayed puberty associated with headache. Computed tomography revealed an expansile mass over bilateral sphenoid sinuses. Magnetic resonance imaging supported the diagnosis of sphenoid mucocele. A transnasal transphenoidal endoscopic sphenoidotomy was performed. Intraoperatively, despite an anatomical puncture through the sphenoid ostium, alarmingly, the opening leaked out CSF. A dehiscent was identified with a dural opening. This was repaired with multilayer technique. Clinical improvement was observed post-operatively. The case reported here is unusual as they presented on imaging as a fluid collection in sphenoid sinus simulating a mucocoele, but were filled with CSF and represent pseudomeningocele. Surgeons should be alert to the presence of pseudomeningocele as they can mimic a mucocele or nasal polyp.
hemangiopericytoma (hPC) is a rare tumor by definition and intracranial hPC makes up to less than... more hemangiopericytoma (hPC) is a rare tumor by definition and
intracranial hPC makes up to less than one percent of all the
intracranial tumors. It is a dural base tumor and its clinical
features and radiological findings are similar to meningiomas.
however, cerebellopontine angle hemangipericytoma had only
been reported twice and would almost always be
misdiagnosed. definite diagnosis is important, as the
treatment of hPC is different from meningiomas and acoustic
neuromas. we report a case of a young female who presented
with atypical symptoms of left cerebellopontine angle mass.
A literature review of the nature of the disease, radiological
findings, immunohistochemical features and treatment
options of the tumor are described
Aim: The objective of our review is to investigate the association between dermatomyositispatient... more Aim: The objective of our review is to investigate the association between dermatomyositispatients and nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) together with the clinical presentation of thepatients and their management in otorhinolaryngology.
Background: NPC is a malignant disease with good prognosis on early diagnosis. However,the relationship between the dermatomyositis and NPC and its management is not welldefined.
Materials and methods: A 10-year retrospective review of case records of 21 dermatomyositispatients seen in Otorhinolaryngology Department of Hospital Selayang from January 2000 to November 2010.
Results: These patients ranged from 19 to 74 years old and a total of 8 (38%) out of 21 adultswith dermatomyositis were detected to have malignancy. Five out of 8 patients had NPC(62.5%). The mean age of patients with NPC and dermatomyositis was 48 years. NPC isdiagnosed in 4 out of 5 patients (80%) in the first year of diagnosis of dermatomyositis. Theclinical findings of the examination of nasopharynx ranged from hyperemia to exophyticnasopharyngeal mass. Histologically, it is only related to NPC of WHO types II and III.
Conclusions: There is a strong relationship between dermatomyositis and malignancy,especially NPC. Clinicians should have a high index of suspicion for malignancy in all dermatomyositis patients. Rigid nasoendoscopies and biopsies, serum Epstein–Barr viralcapsid IgA antibody and imaging studies are helpful in detecting NPC in dermatomyositispatients.
Diagnosis and treatment of the nasal type of Natural Killer (NK)/T-Cell Lymphoma can be challengi... more Diagnosis and treatment of the nasal type of Natural Killer (NK)/T-Cell Lymphoma can be challenging.
NK/T-Cell lymphoma of the nasal type is very aggressive and invasive and may present with nonspecific
symptoms. This usually leads to delay in diagnosis and initiation of treatment. Lymphomatous
lesions show areas of necrosis and hence multiple biopsies are usually needed for histopathological diagnosis
with the aid of immunochemistry. We report the case of nasal type NK/T-Cell lymphoma in a
middle aged lady who presented with unilateral nasal blockage, constitutional symptoms and soft palate
perforating ulcer with delay in diagnosis.
ABSTRACT Isolated laryngeal histoplasmosis is a very rare entity. It has variable clinical presen... more ABSTRACT Isolated laryngeal histoplasmosis is a very rare entity. It has variable clinical presentations that might
mimic both benign and malignant lesions, and is usually associated with pulmonary and other disseminated forms
of histoplasmosis. Herein, we report a case of primary laryngeal histoplasmosis without the involvement of other
systems in a 70-year-old Chinese man, who previously worked as a miner. He presented with a history of hoarseness
for two months, with no other associated symptoms. Direct laryngoscopy revealed irregularity of the posterior onethird
of both vocal folds. Histopathological examination revealed the presence of Histoplasma capsulatum on periodic
acid-Schiff and Grocott’s methenamine silver staining. The lesion resolved after one month of oral itraconazole
treatment. However, the patient had to complete six months of antifungal treatment to prevent recurrence.
ejmanager.com
Congenital cholesteatoma is a disease of young. However, it also been reported in adult and also ... more Congenital cholesteatoma is a disease of young. However, it also been reported in adult and also elderly. Computed tomography (CT) scan is a gold standard for cholesteatoma imaging but magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) offer a better option in recurrent disease and fusion of MRI and CT scan should be considered in complicated disease. Canal wall down mastoidectomy is the treatment of choice for more extensive cholesteatoma but the risk of recurrent is depend more on extent of the disease rather than type of operations. We are reporting an adult diagnosed to have congenital cholesteatoma complicated by facial nerve palsy with normal tympanic membrane. (Rawal Med J 2012;37:214-216).
Brunei International …
Cholesteatoma is an aggressive disease and its management poses a greater challenge in children t... more Cholesteatoma is an aggressive disease and its management poses a greater challenge in children than in adults. This study reviews the experience of Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre in the clinical presentation and management outcome of acquired cholesteatoma in paediatrics that required surgical interventions. Materials and Methods: A retrospective review of case records of patients below 18 years old who underwent surgery from 1999 to 2010. Results: A total of 46 patients presented with 53 cases of cholesteatoma in which seven patients had bilateral disease. The age of presentation ranged from four to 18 years old with a mean age of 12 years. Male and female patients were 65% and 35% respectively. Otorrhoea or previous history of otorrhoea on presentation was found in 94% and 96% of them had hearing impairment. Cerebellopontine angle abscess, sigmoid sinus thrombosis and mastoiditis were among the complications. Tympanic membrane was retracted in 64% while 47% having had attic retraction and 53% had total atelectasis. A majority (85%) underwent canal wall down surgery with or without tympanoplasty. Post-operatively, 71% had improvement or preserved hearing level. The duration of follow up ranged from one month to 13 years and a quarter had recurrent disease and underwent revision surgeries. Conclusion: Majority of the cholesteatoma patients suffered from hearing loss and otorrhoea. Tympanic membrane retraction remained the most common clinical finding. Hence, children with persistent otorrhoea after adequate treatment may represent cholesteatoma. Surgical options of canal wall up and canal wall down procedures have equal risk of recurrence.