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Papers by Elizabeth Easter
Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 1985
An evaluation was made of the launder-ability of fabrics contaminated with pesticides. The variab... more An evaluation was made of the launder-ability of fabrics contaminated with pesticides. The variables examined were pesticide composition, fabric type, and laundry conditions. Fabric selection enabled the comparison of fabrics commonly worn by the agriculture worker, ...
American Journal of Infection Control
Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management: An International Journal
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to compare a set of product specifications to evaluate appea... more Purpose The purpose of this paper is to compare a set of product specifications to evaluate appearance and performance characteristics of denim jeans at three price categories, and identify any relationships between price and product quality. Design/methodology/approach This research is as a quasi-experimental laboratory study. The product specifications of jeans are identified. Next, the appearance and performance characteristics of jeans are examined initially and after one and five repeated laundering cycles. The data are analyzed within and between each price category to identify any possible relationship between price and product quality. Findings The price category of jeans does not necessarily reflect different dimensions of product quality. Although higher priced jeans had superior product specifications and visual appearance, they did not show superior performance with respect to all elements of fit, durability, and color performance when these three factors were measured t...
Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Restoration
Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, 2016
The purpose of this research was to identify the composition of soils on firefighter turnout gear... more The purpose of this research was to identify the composition of soils on firefighter turnout gear and to determine the dermal exposure risks associated with the soils. Nine used Nomex hoods from the Philadelphia fire department were analyzed for the presence of trace metals and seven sets of used turnout gear were analyzed for semi-volatile organics. Turnout gear samples were removed from areas of the gear known to have high levels of dermal absorption including the collar, armpit, wrist, and crotch areas, from either the outer shell or thermal liner layers. The following compounds were detected: polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), phthalate plasticizers, and polybrominated diphenyl ether flame retardants (PBDEs). A screening risk assessment was conducted by converting the measured concentrations to an estimated dermally absorbed dose based on estimates for the permeation coefficient (Kp) and an assumed firefighting exposure scenario. Benzo(a) pyrene had the highest dermal exposure risk based on carcinogenic effects and PBDE-99 had the highest dermal exposure risk based on non-carcinogenic effects. For the metals, arsenic had the highest dermal exposure risk for the use hoods.
Journal of Pesticide Safety Education, Feb 18, 2008
Aatcc Review the Magazine of the Textile Dyeing Printing and Finishing Industry, 2012
Bull Environ Contam Toxicol, 1983
Textile Research Journal, 1997
Go to AGRIS search. Textile research journal : publication of Textile Research Institute, Inc. an... more Go to AGRIS search. Textile research journal : publication of Textile Research Institute, Inc. and the Textile Foundation (Nov 1997). Durability and aesthetic properties of kenaf/cotton blend fabrics. ... Other subjects, Blended fabrics; Characteristics; Performance. Language, English. ...
ACS Symposium Series, 1985
... The first project on the removal of pesticide residues from fabrics by laundering or "pe... more ... The first project on the removal of pesticide residues from fabrics by laundering or "pesticide decontamination" was a part of a doctoral dissertation by Elizabeth Easter and is published in the March 1983 AATCC journal (4). This project was undertaken to determine if a ...
The objective of the consumer laundry research study was to determine the impact of wash water te... more The objective of the consumer laundry research study was to determine the impact of wash water temperature, detergent type and laundering platform on basic clothing attributes. To determine the effects of top and front loading washing machines, cold and warm water wash temperatures and detergent types on home laundered garments by assessing color change, dimensional stability, pilling, moisture content and residual moisture content and stain removal. Testing was conducted on consumer loads of denim, towels, khakis, polos, and mixed consumer loads. Each load type was subjected to thirty wash and dry cycles. Evaluations of the loads were conducted prior to testing (when applicable to test method), as well as after one, five, ten, fifteen, and thirty wash and dry cycles.
The purpose of this research was to conduct a post-use evaluation of firefighter turnout gear tha... more The purpose of this research was to conduct a post-use evaluation of firefighter turnout gear that had been in use for time intervals between two years and retirement. Inspection and testing procedures required by National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) 1851 Standard on Selection, Care and Maintenance of Protective Ensembles for Structural Fire Fighting and Proximity Fire Fighting and NFPA 1971 Standard on Protective Ensembles for Structural Fire Fighting and Proximity Fire Fighting were followed. Sixty seven garments from career fire departments were evaluated during Phase I of the study; 76 garments from volunteer fire departments during Phase II, and during Phase III, 108 retired garments were evaluated. Assessments of the used garments included a visual inspection (closure system functionality, light evaluation, leakage evaluation, and flashlight test) and composite performance properties (thermal protective performance (TPP), total heat loss (THL), flammability, tear streng...
Reviews of environmental contamination and toxicology, 1992
In looking into future directions of "protective clothing" for pesticide users, the fin... more In looking into future directions of "protective clothing" for pesticide users, the final EPA ruling scheduled for release in June 1992 (Smith personal communication) places the majority of its recommendations on the label. Therefore, it will be up to pesticide manufacturers to provide protective clothing information on their products labels. Research on protective clothing continues to show variations due to fabric characteristics of fiber content, fabric construction and finish. These variabilities are compounded by variation s due to pesticide formulation and pesticide chemical and are further compounded by field studies vs laboratory simulations. With hundreds of fabric variations compounded by the thousands of chemical compounds and formulation variations, the consumer cannot be expected to make proper decisions regarding protective clothing. The user of the product does not have the knowledge to select the appropriate clothing. Manufacturers must supply this informat...
Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 1985
An evaluation was made of the launder-ability of fabrics contaminated with pesticides. The variab... more An evaluation was made of the launder-ability of fabrics contaminated with pesticides. The variables examined were pesticide composition, fabric type, and laundry conditions. Fabric selection enabled the comparison of fabrics commonly worn by the agriculture worker, ...
American Journal of Infection Control
Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management: An International Journal
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to compare a set of product specifications to evaluate appea... more Purpose The purpose of this paper is to compare a set of product specifications to evaluate appearance and performance characteristics of denim jeans at three price categories, and identify any relationships between price and product quality. Design/methodology/approach This research is as a quasi-experimental laboratory study. The product specifications of jeans are identified. Next, the appearance and performance characteristics of jeans are examined initially and after one and five repeated laundering cycles. The data are analyzed within and between each price category to identify any possible relationship between price and product quality. Findings The price category of jeans does not necessarily reflect different dimensions of product quality. Although higher priced jeans had superior product specifications and visual appearance, they did not show superior performance with respect to all elements of fit, durability, and color performance when these three factors were measured t...
Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Restoration
Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, 2016
The purpose of this research was to identify the composition of soils on firefighter turnout gear... more The purpose of this research was to identify the composition of soils on firefighter turnout gear and to determine the dermal exposure risks associated with the soils. Nine used Nomex hoods from the Philadelphia fire department were analyzed for the presence of trace metals and seven sets of used turnout gear were analyzed for semi-volatile organics. Turnout gear samples were removed from areas of the gear known to have high levels of dermal absorption including the collar, armpit, wrist, and crotch areas, from either the outer shell or thermal liner layers. The following compounds were detected: polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), phthalate plasticizers, and polybrominated diphenyl ether flame retardants (PBDEs). A screening risk assessment was conducted by converting the measured concentrations to an estimated dermally absorbed dose based on estimates for the permeation coefficient (Kp) and an assumed firefighting exposure scenario. Benzo(a) pyrene had the highest dermal exposure risk based on carcinogenic effects and PBDE-99 had the highest dermal exposure risk based on non-carcinogenic effects. For the metals, arsenic had the highest dermal exposure risk for the use hoods.
Journal of Pesticide Safety Education, Feb 18, 2008
Aatcc Review the Magazine of the Textile Dyeing Printing and Finishing Industry, 2012
Bull Environ Contam Toxicol, 1983
Textile Research Journal, 1997
Go to AGRIS search. Textile research journal : publication of Textile Research Institute, Inc. an... more Go to AGRIS search. Textile research journal : publication of Textile Research Institute, Inc. and the Textile Foundation (Nov 1997). Durability and aesthetic properties of kenaf/cotton blend fabrics. ... Other subjects, Blended fabrics; Characteristics; Performance. Language, English. ...
ACS Symposium Series, 1985
... The first project on the removal of pesticide residues from fabrics by laundering or "pe... more ... The first project on the removal of pesticide residues from fabrics by laundering or "pesticide decontamination" was a part of a doctoral dissertation by Elizabeth Easter and is published in the March 1983 AATCC journal (4). This project was undertaken to determine if a ...
The objective of the consumer laundry research study was to determine the impact of wash water te... more The objective of the consumer laundry research study was to determine the impact of wash water temperature, detergent type and laundering platform on basic clothing attributes. To determine the effects of top and front loading washing machines, cold and warm water wash temperatures and detergent types on home laundered garments by assessing color change, dimensional stability, pilling, moisture content and residual moisture content and stain removal. Testing was conducted on consumer loads of denim, towels, khakis, polos, and mixed consumer loads. Each load type was subjected to thirty wash and dry cycles. Evaluations of the loads were conducted prior to testing (when applicable to test method), as well as after one, five, ten, fifteen, and thirty wash and dry cycles.
The purpose of this research was to conduct a post-use evaluation of firefighter turnout gear tha... more The purpose of this research was to conduct a post-use evaluation of firefighter turnout gear that had been in use for time intervals between two years and retirement. Inspection and testing procedures required by National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) 1851 Standard on Selection, Care and Maintenance of Protective Ensembles for Structural Fire Fighting and Proximity Fire Fighting and NFPA 1971 Standard on Protective Ensembles for Structural Fire Fighting and Proximity Fire Fighting were followed. Sixty seven garments from career fire departments were evaluated during Phase I of the study; 76 garments from volunteer fire departments during Phase II, and during Phase III, 108 retired garments were evaluated. Assessments of the used garments included a visual inspection (closure system functionality, light evaluation, leakage evaluation, and flashlight test) and composite performance properties (thermal protective performance (TPP), total heat loss (THL), flammability, tear streng...
Reviews of environmental contamination and toxicology, 1992
In looking into future directions of "protective clothing" for pesticide users, the fin... more In looking into future directions of "protective clothing" for pesticide users, the final EPA ruling scheduled for release in June 1992 (Smith personal communication) places the majority of its recommendations on the label. Therefore, it will be up to pesticide manufacturers to provide protective clothing information on their products labels. Research on protective clothing continues to show variations due to fabric characteristics of fiber content, fabric construction and finish. These variabilities are compounded by variation s due to pesticide formulation and pesticide chemical and are further compounded by field studies vs laboratory simulations. With hundreds of fabric variations compounded by the thousands of chemical compounds and formulation variations, the consumer cannot be expected to make proper decisions regarding protective clothing. The user of the product does not have the knowledge to select the appropriate clothing. Manufacturers must supply this informat...