Loiy Al-Ghussain | University of Kentucky (original) (raw)

Papers by Loiy Al-Ghussain

Journal of Pharmaceutics & Drug Delivery Research, 2018

Based on our published results, insulin PLGA NP composed from human insulin (5 mg) encapsulated i... more Based on our published results, insulin PLGA NP composed from human insulin (5 mg) encapsulated in PLGA 2.5% (w/v) mixed with PEG (2 kDa, 5% w/w) and the external aqueous phase contained 1.25% of PVA (%w/v) were prepared by the modified double emulsion solvent evaporation technique [1,2]. The resulting NP have been investigated for oral administration of recombinant human insulin (100 IU/kg) in diabetic rats [3]. Our animal model, Male Sprague–Dawley rats (12-week-old, obtained from National researches center, Cairo, Egypt.) weighing 250-300 gm were fasted for 6 hours prior to the induction of type I diabetes via i.p injection of streptozotocin (50-60 mg.kg-1, pH=4.5). Rats with blood glucose levels >250 mg dl-1 were considered to be in a diabetic state. Three percent sodium bicarbonate solution (500 μL) in phosphate buffer saline (PBS) was administered through an oral gavage to neutralize gastric acid, a protease inhibitor -PI-(NEthylmaleimide, 2 mM) was physically mixed with free insulin or insulin PLGA-NP before oral administration [4,5]. To investigate the effect of PI, other two animal groups of rats were utilized for free insulin and insulin PLGA-NP without PI (Figure 1) [6,7].

Hybrid Energy System Models, 2021

2018 International Conference on Photovoltaic Science and Technologies (PVCon), 2018

Renewable energy resources such as solar resources are suitable alternatives for the use of fossi... more Renewable energy resources such as solar resources are suitable alternatives for the use of fossil fuels as they are abundant, can be harnessed in affordable ways and are considered environmentally friendly. However, renewable energy resources fluctuate with time which decreases the matching between the energy produced by the renewable energy system and the demand and also decreases the reliability of the power supply. There are several potential ways to increase the matching and reliability of renewable energy systems such as the hybridization of renewable energy resources and the integration of energy storage. A techno-economic analysis of different configurations of Photovoltaic, Hydrogen Fuel Cell (HFC) and Pumped Hydro Storage (PHS) is carried out where Middle East Technical University Northern Cyprus Campus (METU NCC) is the case study. The optimal configurations of the PV system with different energy storage system configurations for the university are found based on maximizing the renewable energy (RES) fraction with Levelized Cost of Electricity (LCOE) equals to the grid tariff. However, the objective of the optimization becomes the maximization of the RES fraction with the minimum LCOE if there is no a feasible configuration. The results show that the integration of HFC and PHS system with the PV system increases the RES fraction and the demand-supply fraction from 36.2% to 45.4% and from 23.9% to 35.1%, respectively. The proposed system consists of 2.57 MW PV, 1.16 MWh HFC and 4.14 MWh PHS where such a system has LCOE of 0.181 USD/kWh.

Innovative Energy & Research, 2017

Loiy Al-Ghussain, Remember Samu, Murat Fahrioglu 1Sustainable Environment and Energy Systems, Mid... more Loiy Al-Ghussain, Remember Samu, Murat Fahrioglu 1Sustainable Environment and Energy Systems, Middle East Technical University Northern Cyprus Campus, Kalkanli, Guzelyurt via Mersin 10, 99738, Turkey 2Electrical and Electronic Engineering Department Middle East Technical University Northern Cyprus Campus, Kalkanli, Guzelyurt via Mersin 10, 99738, Turkey Corresponding author: Remember Samu, e-mail: samu.remember@metu.edu.tr

Sustainable Cities and Society, 2020

Abstract The hybridization of renewable energy systems (RES) and further integrating them with En... more Abstract The hybridization of renewable energy systems (RES) and further integrating them with Energy Storage Systems (ESS) can help improve the RESs’ reliability and reduce the mismatch between energy consumption and generation profiles. The main aim of this study is to suggest a sizing methodology for the RES components with various ESS scenarios in a microgrid through techno-economic feasibility analysis. Although the suggested methodology is flexible to include several RESs and ESSs, the methodology is demonstrated to compare the techno-economic performance of Wind and Photovoltaic (PV) energy systems under four different ESS scenarios; (i) no ESS, (ii) Pumped Hydro Storage (PHS), (iii) Hydrogen Fuel Cell (HFC), and (iv) hybrid ESS (PHS/HFC). The optimal RES configuration is determined by maximizing the RES fraction while equating the Cost of Electricity (COE) to the national utility tariff. However, in the event that there is no feasible system configuration that satisfies the mentioned criteria, the main objective becomes maximizing the RES fraction at the lowest attainable COE. This study outlines that the incorporation of PHS and HFC with the PV/Wind hybrid system increased the demand-supply fraction from 46.5%–89.4% and the RES fraction from 62.6%–91.8% with COE equals to 0.175 USD/kWh.

Materials, 2019

Inkjet printing is an emerging technology with key advantages that make it suitable for the fabri... more Inkjet printing is an emerging technology with key advantages that make it suitable for the fabrication of stretchable circuits. Specifically, this process is cost-effective and less complex compared to conventional fabrication technologies. Inkjet printing has several process and geometry parameters that significantly affect the electromechanical properties of the printed circuits. This study aims to optimize the geometry parameters of inkjet-printed silver nanoparticle traces on plasma-treated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrates. The optimization process was conducted for two printed shapes, namely straight line and horseshoe patterns. The examined input factors for the straight line traces were: the number of inkjet-printed layers and line width. On the other hand, the number of cycles and amplitude were the examined input parameters for the horseshoe shape. First, the optimal number of layers and line width were found from the straight line analysis and subsequently were used...

Polymers, 2019

The respiration rate (RR) is a key vital sign that links to adverse clinical outcomes and has var... more The respiration rate (RR) is a key vital sign that links to adverse clinical outcomes and has various important uses. However, RR signals have been neglected in many clinical practices for several reasons and it is still difficult to develop low-cost RR sensors for accurate, automated, and continuous measurement. This study aims to fabricate, develop and evaluate a novel stretchable and wearable RR sensor that is low-cost and easy to use. The sensor is fabricated using the soft lithography technique of polydimethylsiloxane substrates (PDMS) for the stretchable sensor body and inkjet printing technology for creating the conductive circuit by depositing the silver nanoparticles on top of the PDMS substrates. The inkjet-printed (IJP) PDMS-based sensor was developed to detect the inductance fluctuations caused by respiratory volumetric changes. The output signal was processed in a Wheatstone bridge circuit to derive the RR. Six different patterns for a IJP PDMS-based sensor were careful...

Micromachines, 2019

Nitrite and Nitrate have been used extensively as additives in various meat products to enhance f... more Nitrite and Nitrate have been used extensively as additives in various meat products to enhance flavor, color, and to preserve the meat from the bacterial growth. High concentrations of nitrite can threat human health since several studies in the literature claim that nitrite is associated with cancer incidences, leukemia, and brain tumors. Therefore, it is vital to measure the nitrite concentrations in processed meat products. In this study, an in-lab miniaturized photometric detection system is fabricated to inspect the nitrite concentration in processed meat products in Jordan. The analytical performance of nitrite detection is evaluated based on three key statistical parameters; linearity, limit of detection, and limit of quantitation. Respectively, for the fabricated system, the three values are found to be equal to 0.995, 1.24 × 10−2 ppm, and 4.12 × 10−2 ppm. Adherence to Beer’s law is found over the investigated range from 2.63 ppm to 96.0 ppm. The developed system is utilize...

Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy, 2018

Materials, 2018

Several research methodologies have recently been developed to allow for the patterning of conduc... more Several research methodologies have recently been developed to allow for the patterning of conductive lines on elastomeric rubber substrates. Specifically, various conductive materials, substrates, and fabrication techniques were investigated to develop stretchable circuits. One promising technique recommends the application of axial strain on an elastomer substrate prior to patterning conductive lines on it. When the substrate is released, conductive lines buckle to form waves, making the circuit stretchable. However, the majority of applications of stretchable circuits require fitting them to two-dimensional surfaces, such as the human body. Hence, in this paper we propose the concept of radial pre-stretching of the substrates to enhance the stretchability of the fabricated circuits. In particular, straight silver conductive lines were deposited on a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) surface using inkjet printing technology, and subsequently tested under both axial and radial loads. Rad...

Journal of Solar Energy Engineering, 2017

The integration between renewable energy systems (RESs) and oil shale system ensures reliable pow... more The integration between renewable energy systems (RESs) and oil shale system ensures reliable power generation source with a competitive energy generation cost when compared to costs of conventional systems. In addition, this integration will prevent considerable amount of CO2 emissions. This study aims to determine the size of a grid-tied hybrid system in Al-Tafilah, Jordan that maximizes the yearly overall fraction of demand met with levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) equal to or lower than the local cost of electricity generation. In addition, the effect of the integration of lithium-ion batteries as short-term energy storage systems (ESSs) will be investigated in addition to the effect of carbon social cost on the economics of the system. The maximum FH by the hybrid system in Al-Tafilah is 97.2% with ESS and 96.9% without ESS where 70.4% of the demand is met by the 12 MW oil shale system; however, to achieve these fractions, enormous installed capacity of photovoltaic (PV) an...

Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, 2018

Abstract Hybrid power systems provide cost-effective utilization of renewable energy but depend o... more Abstract Hybrid power systems provide cost-effective utilization of renewable energy but depend on the geographic location due to the variability of solar and wind resources. In this study, a hybrid PV/wind system is proposed for Lafarge cement factory in Al-Tafilah, Jordan. The hybrid system is sized based on maximizing the fraction of demand met by the hybrid system ( F RES ) with cost of electricity (COE) less than the grid tariff and with 100% renewable energy ratio to meet the renewable energy regulations in Jordan. Furthermore, the effect of the integration of Lithium-Ion bank batteries on the technical and economic feasibility is studied in addition to the effect of carbon social cost on the economic feasibility. The results show that the system with Lithium-Ion batteries is economically more feasible and has higher F RES than the system without energy storage system. The proposed system size is 20.75 MW PV, 26 MW wind systems and 16.8 MWh Lithium-Ion batteries where such system has 62.53% F RES , 0.203 USD/kWh COE, payback period of 3.44 years, net present value of 206.63 M$. In addition, the system will reduce the annual electricity bill of the factory by 21.58 M$ and the CO2 emissions by 71,373 tons.

Sustainability

The estimation of PV production has been widely investigated previously, where many empirical mod... more The estimation of PV production has been widely investigated previously, where many empirical models have been proposed to account for wind and soiling effects for specific locations. However, the performance of these models varies among the investigated sites. Hence, it is vital to assess and evaluate the performance of these models and benchmark them against the common PV estimation model that accounts only for the ambient temperature. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the accuracy and performance of four empirical wind models considering the soiling effect, and compare them to the standard model for a 103 MW PV plant in Jordan. Moreover, the study investigates the effect of cleaning frequency on the annual energy production and the plant’s levelized cost of electricity (LCOE). The results indicate almost identical performance for the adopted models when comparing the actual energy production with R2 and RMSE (root mean square error) ranges of 0.93–0.98 and 0.93–1.56 MWh for ...