Osvaldo Encinas | Universidad de Los Andes (Venezuela) (original) (raw)
Papers by Osvaldo Encinas
Cryptotermes brevis is considered the world’s most destructive pest of drywood termites. They can... more Cryptotermes brevis is considered the world’s most destructive pest of drywood termites. They can attack structural woods, beams, posts, floors, moldings, doors, window frames, carvings, tools, picture frames, musical instruments, and more. In this study, the effect of two commercial cypermethrin-based products on Cryptotermes brevis was evaluated. Wood specimens of 70 mm x 25 mm x 5 mm of Acacia mangium, Eucalyptus urophylla and Pinus caribaea were tested. The products were applied to the specimens according to the manufacturer's recommendation. The specimens were immersed for 48 hours. Active ingredient retention was determined. Wood damage caused by termites and the percentage of mortality were evaluated. It was found that the commercial products showed little effect on controlling the termites, evidencing gallery formation in the samples, predominantly as of fourth week of evaluation. Although the percentage of termite mortality exceeded 60 % with the application of the prod...
Rev. Forest. Venez, 1998
... used in the construction of a house in a small town in the Andes near Merida. ... Las rolas t... more ... used in the construction of a house in a small town in the Andes near Merida. ... Las rolas trasladadas a Mérida fueron procesadas en la Sección Aserrado y Labrado Mecanizado del LNPF ... del LNPF, empleando 12 Kg/m3 de sales CCA mediante el proceso a célula llena o Bethel. ...
PubMed, 2000
Following known standards, a Field Test Site was established in Bum Bum area, located in Ticoporo... more Following known standards, a Field Test Site was established in Bum Bum area, located in Ticoporo Forest Reserve, tropical dry forest, Barinas State, Venezuela, for the study of wood biodegradation. Wood stakes from various wood species particularly Caribbean pine, with 500 mm x 50 mm x 25 mm in dimensions, were treated with several chemicals and concentrations and were installed in natural soil together non treated wood samples. Results concerning natural and induced durability are discussed; observations in Caribbean pine wood showed that the termite attack was responsible for failure of all non treated stakes and some samples treated with triazoles. Together Soft rot Type I and Tunnelling bacterial attack, termites are the main wood biodegradation agents.
O conhecimento da dinâmica dos nutrientes adicionados no solo via adubação é crucial para o adequ... more O conhecimento da dinâmica dos nutrientes adicionados no solo via adubação é crucial para o adequado manejo da nutrição das plantas, bem como para avaliar riscos de contaminação do solo e das águas subterrâneas com a aplicação de efluentes. O estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a dinâmica do deslocamento de íons potássicos em amostras de um Latossolo Amarelo muito argiloso, caulinítico, que é a classe de solo dominante na Amazônia Central. Foram determinados os parâmetros de transporte de solutos em amostras de solos de uma camada superficial (0-20 cm) e de uma camada subsuperficial (20-40 cm), por meio de ensaios de retardo (breakthrough curves - BTC). As equações apresentaram um bom ajuste nos pontos da curva de distribuição de efluentes dos ensaios realizados, com RMSE de 2,44 e 6,26 para as camadas de 0-20 cm e 20-40 cm respectivamente. Os resultados mostraram valores baixos para fatores de retardo (2,01 e 2,31) e coeficientes de dispersão de 0,45 para ambas as camadas, caracterizando baixa interação dos íons de potássio à matriz do solo. Os valores obtidos para os números de Peclet (10,31 e 10,33) para as camadas superficial e subsuperficial, respectivamente, demonstram predominância de movimento convectivo e uma baixa dispersão dos íons de potássio na matriz do solo. Os resultados evidenciam a baixa capacidade de retenção de potássio no solo, com consequente risco de lixiviação para camadas mais profundas e contaminação de águas subterrâneas. Esses riscos são maiores em aplicações de elevadas doses de fertilizantes potássicos e/ou efluentes ricos em potássio, como os gerados na extração de óleo de dendê, e a vinhaça produzida em usinas de processamento de cana-de-açúcar.bitstream/item/226763/1/CNPS-BPD-277-2021.epubE-book no formato ePub
Revista forestal venezolana, 2002
crecimiento, un simple dispositivo conectado a una bomba hidroneumática de baja presión, permite ... more crecimiento, un simple dispositivo conectado a una bomba hidroneumática de baja presión, permite el tratamiento con sales hidrosolubles de las maderas contra hongos e insectos. El principio se basa en el desplazamiento de savia forzado ® por el líquido preservante introducido a presiones de menos de 25 psi. Los resultados demuestran que al cabo de 15 segundos se consigue una penetración completa del preservante en las maderas de 3 m de largo; en longitudes mayores el tiempo se incrementa proporcionalmente; la incipiente formación de duramen en maderas de plantaciones de rápido crecimiento, favorece la utilización del método descrito, que resulta ser económico, sencillo y de fácil replicación inclusive en el campo.
Fitopatología Venezolana, 2002
Interciencia, 1999
Durante la caracterización cromatográfica en HPLC de extractos en etanol de las maderas de pino c... more Durante la caracterización cromatográfica en HPLC de extractos en etanol de las maderas de pino caribe y abedul, ata-cadas por el hongo de la mancha azul, un pico desconocido que posteriormente fue identificado mediante técnicas de GC-MS y ... NMR corresponde a los alditoles ...
CONTENIDO Editorial. El papel de la agroforestería en la Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y Ambien... more CONTENIDO Editorial. El papel de la agroforestería en la Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y Ambientales. The role of Agroforestry in the Faculty of Forestry and Environmental Sciences. Noguera L., Oscar E. y Plonczak Ratschiller, Miguel Andrés Artículos Producción y descomposición de la hojarasca en tres agroecosistemas de café en el estado Trujillo, Venezuela. Production and descomposition of litter in three coffee agroecosystems in the Trujillo State, Venezuela. Arellano G., Rosalva; Paolini, Jorge; Vasquez, L. y Mora de Pinto, Elba Marina Caracterización papelera de la especie Schizolobium parahybum. Caracterization wastebasket of the Schizolobium parahybum species. Mogollón, Gladys M.; Aguilera, Antonio V.; Gutiérrez G. Ilvania; Adams, Rubén y Ruiz, Sandra Uso potencial de algunos extractos de corteza de Pinus caribaea y Pterocarpus officinalis, en el control de bacterias y hongos en la industria de pulpa y papel. Potential use of some extracts bark of Pinus caribaea and Pterocar...
Resumen Luego de revisar los conceptos básicos del Pago por Servicios Ambientales, se hace un det... more Resumen Luego de revisar los conceptos básicos del Pago por Servicios Ambientales, se hace un detallado análisis de las principales causas por la que aún no se acepta este concepto en Venezuela. Después de identificar los principales servicios ambientales con demanda actual y analizar varios ejemplo de aplicación de PSA en diversos países de Latinoamérica, se identifican cinco principales obstáculos: 1. no existe una real percepción de lo que significan los PSA que son observados como sistema mercantil con lógica neoliberal; 2. Ausencia de mecanismos oficiales y de política por parte de los responsables; 3. ausencia de datos válidos sobre aspectos sociales y políticos de los potenciales proveedores de PSA; 4. no está aun bien entendida la relación lógica entre el uso de la tierra y los PSA; 5. La mayor parte de las tierras ocupadas por finqueros pertenecen al estado, aunque las decisiones sobre el control de las mismas se hace por parte de los primeros. Palabras clave: PSA, pago por...
The mechanisms of colonization and degradation of the wood of Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis (Ca... more The mechanisms of colonization and degradation of the wood of Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis (Caribbean pine), Pterocarpus acapulcensis (Drago) and Tabebuia serratifolia (Curarire), caused by Gloeophyllum trabeum (brown rot), Trametes versicolor and Pycnoporus sanguineus (white rot), are described. The biodegradation of the woods was evaluated under laboratory conditions for four months period, describing every month the mechanism of colonization, the development of the fungi into the wood and their growth characteristics. The effects on the cellular wall of the wood were also studied. The pathway of degradation of the wood by fungi was determined using microscope with low brilliant field and polarized light. G. trabeum caused collapse of the cellular wall in the wood of Caribbean pine and Drago, while T. versicolor and P. sanguineus caused gradual erosion from the lumen of the cells toward the middle lamella, producing loss of the thickness of the cell walls. The three fungi colon...
The ability against wood decay fungi of black solutions from Kraft and soda pulping with Caribbea... more The ability against wood decay fungi of black solutions from Kraft and soda pulping with Caribbean pine, eucalyptus and melina woods were tested. 10 %, 20 % and 100 % concentrations were used in relation to total solids in the black solution. All of three liquors were effective against Trametes versicolor but only higher concentrations are effective against Gloeophyllum trabeum. Black liquor from melina wood seems better because had inhibited grow of both fungi tested.
This article reflects a conceptual basis of environmental policy for compensation schemes for env... more This article reflects a conceptual basis of environmental policy for compensation schemes for environmental services, to facilitate the understanding and promotion of economic development strategies of holders or communities owners of a natural resource, to which they are given rewards for a sustainable use. Distinction is done between environmental goods and environmental services, articulating conceptual approaches to compensation systems, presenting a virtuous cycle and their interrelationships, also gives as input the evolution of environmental incentive compensation schemes for environmental services, more solid and enduring. Characteristic features of the market and its inclusion in the definition of green markets are described. The dynamic instrumentation of compensation mechanisms in Latin America and the first steps for implementation in Venezuela is shown. Finally, a summary table shown different compensation systems, which facilitates the understanding of the theoretical,...
This essay relate ideas and initiatives that arise from the reconceptualization of the forest car... more This essay relate ideas and initiatives that arise from the reconceptualization of the forest career in Latin American universities, taking into account changes in political, economy and social levels, that are happening at the national and regional levels and emerging subjects and issues in the past few years that compel us to update the curriculum content that is taught in the universities. Must be consider in addition to the essential knowledge of the dynamics of natural resources, ecology, politics, sociology and community participation and green economy, new or renovated subjects in forest sciences in continuous innovation, like climate change, environmental services, food security and others.
Cryptotermes brevis is considered the world’s most destructive pest of drywood termites. They can... more Cryptotermes brevis is considered the world’s most destructive pest of drywood termites. They can attack structural woods, beams, posts, floors, moldings, doors, window frames, carvings, tools, picture frames, musical instruments, and more. In this study, the effect of two commercial cypermethrin-based products on Cryptotermes brevis was evaluated. Wood specimens of 70 mm x 25 mm x 5 mm of Acacia mangium, Eucalyptus urophylla and Pinus caribaea were tested. The products were applied to the specimens according to the manufacturer's recommendation. The specimens were immersed for 48 hours. Active ingredient retention was determined. Wood damage caused by termites and the percentage of mortality were evaluated. It was found that the commercial products showed little effect on controlling the termites, evidencing gallery formation in the samples, predominantly as of fourth week of evaluation. Although the percentage of termite mortality exceeded 60 % with the application of the prod...
Rev. Forest. Venez, 1998
... used in the construction of a house in a small town in the Andes near Merida. ... Las rolas t... more ... used in the construction of a house in a small town in the Andes near Merida. ... Las rolas trasladadas a Mérida fueron procesadas en la Sección Aserrado y Labrado Mecanizado del LNPF ... del LNPF, empleando 12 Kg/m3 de sales CCA mediante el proceso a célula llena o Bethel. ...
PubMed, 2000
Following known standards, a Field Test Site was established in Bum Bum area, located in Ticoporo... more Following known standards, a Field Test Site was established in Bum Bum area, located in Ticoporo Forest Reserve, tropical dry forest, Barinas State, Venezuela, for the study of wood biodegradation. Wood stakes from various wood species particularly Caribbean pine, with 500 mm x 50 mm x 25 mm in dimensions, were treated with several chemicals and concentrations and were installed in natural soil together non treated wood samples. Results concerning natural and induced durability are discussed; observations in Caribbean pine wood showed that the termite attack was responsible for failure of all non treated stakes and some samples treated with triazoles. Together Soft rot Type I and Tunnelling bacterial attack, termites are the main wood biodegradation agents.
O conhecimento da dinâmica dos nutrientes adicionados no solo via adubação é crucial para o adequ... more O conhecimento da dinâmica dos nutrientes adicionados no solo via adubação é crucial para o adequado manejo da nutrição das plantas, bem como para avaliar riscos de contaminação do solo e das águas subterrâneas com a aplicação de efluentes. O estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a dinâmica do deslocamento de íons potássicos em amostras de um Latossolo Amarelo muito argiloso, caulinítico, que é a classe de solo dominante na Amazônia Central. Foram determinados os parâmetros de transporte de solutos em amostras de solos de uma camada superficial (0-20 cm) e de uma camada subsuperficial (20-40 cm), por meio de ensaios de retardo (breakthrough curves - BTC). As equações apresentaram um bom ajuste nos pontos da curva de distribuição de efluentes dos ensaios realizados, com RMSE de 2,44 e 6,26 para as camadas de 0-20 cm e 20-40 cm respectivamente. Os resultados mostraram valores baixos para fatores de retardo (2,01 e 2,31) e coeficientes de dispersão de 0,45 para ambas as camadas, caracterizando baixa interação dos íons de potássio à matriz do solo. Os valores obtidos para os números de Peclet (10,31 e 10,33) para as camadas superficial e subsuperficial, respectivamente, demonstram predominância de movimento convectivo e uma baixa dispersão dos íons de potássio na matriz do solo. Os resultados evidenciam a baixa capacidade de retenção de potássio no solo, com consequente risco de lixiviação para camadas mais profundas e contaminação de águas subterrâneas. Esses riscos são maiores em aplicações de elevadas doses de fertilizantes potássicos e/ou efluentes ricos em potássio, como os gerados na extração de óleo de dendê, e a vinhaça produzida em usinas de processamento de cana-de-açúcar.bitstream/item/226763/1/CNPS-BPD-277-2021.epubE-book no formato ePub
Revista forestal venezolana, 2002
crecimiento, un simple dispositivo conectado a una bomba hidroneumática de baja presión, permite ... more crecimiento, un simple dispositivo conectado a una bomba hidroneumática de baja presión, permite el tratamiento con sales hidrosolubles de las maderas contra hongos e insectos. El principio se basa en el desplazamiento de savia forzado ® por el líquido preservante introducido a presiones de menos de 25 psi. Los resultados demuestran que al cabo de 15 segundos se consigue una penetración completa del preservante en las maderas de 3 m de largo; en longitudes mayores el tiempo se incrementa proporcionalmente; la incipiente formación de duramen en maderas de plantaciones de rápido crecimiento, favorece la utilización del método descrito, que resulta ser económico, sencillo y de fácil replicación inclusive en el campo.
Fitopatología Venezolana, 2002
Interciencia, 1999
Durante la caracterización cromatográfica en HPLC de extractos en etanol de las maderas de pino c... more Durante la caracterización cromatográfica en HPLC de extractos en etanol de las maderas de pino caribe y abedul, ata-cadas por el hongo de la mancha azul, un pico desconocido que posteriormente fue identificado mediante técnicas de GC-MS y ... NMR corresponde a los alditoles ...
CONTENIDO Editorial. El papel de la agroforestería en la Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y Ambien... more CONTENIDO Editorial. El papel de la agroforestería en la Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y Ambientales. The role of Agroforestry in the Faculty of Forestry and Environmental Sciences. Noguera L., Oscar E. y Plonczak Ratschiller, Miguel Andrés Artículos Producción y descomposición de la hojarasca en tres agroecosistemas de café en el estado Trujillo, Venezuela. Production and descomposition of litter in three coffee agroecosystems in the Trujillo State, Venezuela. Arellano G., Rosalva; Paolini, Jorge; Vasquez, L. y Mora de Pinto, Elba Marina Caracterización papelera de la especie Schizolobium parahybum. Caracterization wastebasket of the Schizolobium parahybum species. Mogollón, Gladys M.; Aguilera, Antonio V.; Gutiérrez G. Ilvania; Adams, Rubén y Ruiz, Sandra Uso potencial de algunos extractos de corteza de Pinus caribaea y Pterocarpus officinalis, en el control de bacterias y hongos en la industria de pulpa y papel. Potential use of some extracts bark of Pinus caribaea and Pterocar...
Resumen Luego de revisar los conceptos básicos del Pago por Servicios Ambientales, se hace un det... more Resumen Luego de revisar los conceptos básicos del Pago por Servicios Ambientales, se hace un detallado análisis de las principales causas por la que aún no se acepta este concepto en Venezuela. Después de identificar los principales servicios ambientales con demanda actual y analizar varios ejemplo de aplicación de PSA en diversos países de Latinoamérica, se identifican cinco principales obstáculos: 1. no existe una real percepción de lo que significan los PSA que son observados como sistema mercantil con lógica neoliberal; 2. Ausencia de mecanismos oficiales y de política por parte de los responsables; 3. ausencia de datos válidos sobre aspectos sociales y políticos de los potenciales proveedores de PSA; 4. no está aun bien entendida la relación lógica entre el uso de la tierra y los PSA; 5. La mayor parte de las tierras ocupadas por finqueros pertenecen al estado, aunque las decisiones sobre el control de las mismas se hace por parte de los primeros. Palabras clave: PSA, pago por...
The mechanisms of colonization and degradation of the wood of Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis (Ca... more The mechanisms of colonization and degradation of the wood of Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis (Caribbean pine), Pterocarpus acapulcensis (Drago) and Tabebuia serratifolia (Curarire), caused by Gloeophyllum trabeum (brown rot), Trametes versicolor and Pycnoporus sanguineus (white rot), are described. The biodegradation of the woods was evaluated under laboratory conditions for four months period, describing every month the mechanism of colonization, the development of the fungi into the wood and their growth characteristics. The effects on the cellular wall of the wood were also studied. The pathway of degradation of the wood by fungi was determined using microscope with low brilliant field and polarized light. G. trabeum caused collapse of the cellular wall in the wood of Caribbean pine and Drago, while T. versicolor and P. sanguineus caused gradual erosion from the lumen of the cells toward the middle lamella, producing loss of the thickness of the cell walls. The three fungi colon...
The ability against wood decay fungi of black solutions from Kraft and soda pulping with Caribbea... more The ability against wood decay fungi of black solutions from Kraft and soda pulping with Caribbean pine, eucalyptus and melina woods were tested. 10 %, 20 % and 100 % concentrations were used in relation to total solids in the black solution. All of three liquors were effective against Trametes versicolor but only higher concentrations are effective against Gloeophyllum trabeum. Black liquor from melina wood seems better because had inhibited grow of both fungi tested.
This article reflects a conceptual basis of environmental policy for compensation schemes for env... more This article reflects a conceptual basis of environmental policy for compensation schemes for environmental services, to facilitate the understanding and promotion of economic development strategies of holders or communities owners of a natural resource, to which they are given rewards for a sustainable use. Distinction is done between environmental goods and environmental services, articulating conceptual approaches to compensation systems, presenting a virtuous cycle and their interrelationships, also gives as input the evolution of environmental incentive compensation schemes for environmental services, more solid and enduring. Characteristic features of the market and its inclusion in the definition of green markets are described. The dynamic instrumentation of compensation mechanisms in Latin America and the first steps for implementation in Venezuela is shown. Finally, a summary table shown different compensation systems, which facilitates the understanding of the theoretical,...
This essay relate ideas and initiatives that arise from the reconceptualization of the forest car... more This essay relate ideas and initiatives that arise from the reconceptualization of the forest career in Latin American universities, taking into account changes in political, economy and social levels, that are happening at the national and regional levels and emerging subjects and issues in the past few years that compel us to update the curriculum content that is taught in the universities. Must be consider in addition to the essential knowledge of the dynamics of natural resources, ecology, politics, sociology and community participation and green economy, new or renovated subjects in forest sciences in continuous innovation, like climate change, environmental services, food security and others.