Patrice NGANGUE | Université Laval (original) (raw)
Papers by Patrice NGANGUE
Journal of environmental protection, 2024
Background: Plastic pollution is the accumulation of waste composed of plastic and its derivative... more Background: Plastic pollution is the accumulation of waste composed of plastic and its derivatives all over the environment. Whether in the form of visible garbage or microparticles, as it slowly degrades, plastic pollution poses significant threats to terrestrial and aquatic habitats and the wildlife that call them home, whether through ingestion, entanglement or exposure to the chemicals contained in the material. Unfortunately, there is a lack of documentation on the impact of plastic waste on human health in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs). Methods: We searched five electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Global Health, CINAHL and Web of Science) and gray literature, following the preferred reporting elements for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA), for the impact of plastic waste on human health in developing countries. We included quantitative and qualitative studies written in English and French. We assessed the quality of the included articles using the Mixed Methods Appraisal tool (MMAT). Results: A total of 3779 articles were initially identified by searching electronic databases. After eliminating duplicates, 3167 articles were reviewed based on
PAMJ clinical medicine, 2024
medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Apr 1, 2024
medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Apr 1, 2024
Background: In collaboration with the Ministry of Health and Public Hygiene (MHPH) of Burkina Fas... more Background: In collaboration with the Ministry of Health and Public Hygiene (MHPH) of Burkina Faso (BF), the Foundation Terre des Hommes (Tdh) has developed the Integrated e-Diagnostic Approach (IeDA) project in BF since 2010 to strengthen the health system by digitalizing medical protocols, improving the quality of services and using data. We sought to identify and analyze the barriers and facilitators of using the All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission.
medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Apr 1, 2024
International journal of MCH and AIDS, Mar 16, 2024
medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Apr 15, 2024
All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission.
Journal of Palliative Care, 2019
Purpose: To review studies pertaining to the reliability and validity of observational pain asses... more Purpose: To review studies pertaining to the reliability and validity of observational pain assessment tools for use with nonverbal patients at the end-of-life, a field of research not documented by previous systematic reviews. Methods: Databases (PubMed, Embase, Epistemonikos, the Cochrane Library, and CINAHL) were systematically searched for studies from study inception to February 21, 2016 (update in May 9, 2018). Two independent reviewers screened study titles, abstracts, and full texts according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Disagreements were resolved through consensus. Reviewers also extracted the psychometrics properties of studies of observational pain assessment instruments dedicated to a noncommunicative population in palliative care or at the end-of-life. A comprehensive quality assessment was conducted using the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) to derive poor, fair, good or excellent ratings for the psychometr...
Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, 2009
Information technology (IT) has produced a deep impact on human lives, and the most important asp... more Information technology (IT) has produced a deep impact on human lives, and the most important aspect of its effect is on education and learning. This study was done for the purpose of evaluating the effectiveness of electronic health information on our Web site http://www.teen.hbi.ir in the promotion of health education and in increasing the capabilities of the students in the use of the Internet. This study was performed on the basis of the information obtained from the questionnaires on selected health issues from 649 students from 3 high schools. Information was collected in 2 steps (pretest and posttest). The t test and Leven’s test were used in the statistical analysis of data. Results of the t test showed that educating students through health information Web sites has increased their knowledge by at least 14.5% on environmental health and 48.9% on nutrition and was statistically meaningful in all fields ( P = .000) with the exception of mental health. The fact is that the use...
medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Apr 27, 2022
doi: medRxiv preprint NOTE: This preprint reports new research that has not been certified by pee... more doi: medRxiv preprint NOTE: This preprint reports new research that has not been certified by peer review and should not be used to guide clinical practice.
Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2022
Advances in Sexual Medicine
Introduction: When it comes to family planning, requirements and preferences vary among couples. ... more Introduction: When it comes to family planning, requirements and preferences vary among couples. Because of their mixed effectiveness, traditional contraceptive methods are often associated and accounted as unmet needs. However, interest in these methods is growing significantly. Nevertheless, knowledge of the reasons for the decision and using traditional contraceptive methods remains limited. The purpose of this study was to identify the preferences and motivations of women who use traditional contraceptive methods to avoid pregnancy in Sub-Saharan Africa. Method: A literature search was conducted in three electronic databases (PubMed/Biomed Central/Medline, Embase, CINAHL). Two independent individuals selected the eligible quantitative, qualitative, and mixed studies published between 2011 and 2020. We conducted a narrative synthesis to organize and group preferences and motivations that facilitate traditional contraceptive methods use. Results: Abstinence, withdrawal, breastfeeding, rhythm method were the main preferences to contraceptive planning methods identified. Factors influencing the use of traditional contraceptive methods were the lack of knowledge, the side effects, the bad experience with the modern contraceptive methods, spousal communication around family planning, the husband's opposition to modern methods, availability, accessibility, and the absence of side effects as well as the character of the traditional methods, the fact of living in an urban environment as well as the age beyond 30 years. Conclusion: This review identified preferences and motivations for using traditional contraceptive methods.
Background: Digital health can empower citizens to manage their health and address health care sy... more Background: Digital health can empower citizens to manage their health and address health care system problems including poor access, uncoordinated care and increasing costs. Digital health interventions are typically complex interventions. Therefore, evaluations present methodological challenges. Objective: The objective of this study was to provide a systematic overview of the methods used to evaluate the effects of internet-based digital health interventions for citizens. Three research questions were addressed to explore methods regarding approaches (study design), effects and indicators. Methods: We conducted a systematic review of reviews of the methods used to measure the effects of internet-based digital health interventions for citizens. The protocol was developed a priori according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic review and Meta-Analysis Protocols and the Cochrane Collaboration methodology for overviews of reviews. Qualitative, mixed-method, and quantitative reviews published in English or French from January 2010 to October 2016 were included. We searched for published reviews in PubMed, EMBASE, The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, CINHAL and Epistemonikos. We categorized the findings based on a thematic analysis of the reviews structured around study designs, indicators, types of interventions, effects and perspectives. Results: A total of 20 unique reviews were included. The most common digital health interventions for citizens were patient portals and patients' access to electronic health records, covered by 10/20 (50%) and 6/20 (30%) reviews, respectively. Quantitative approaches to study design included observational study (15/20 reviews, 75%), randomized controlled trial (13/20 reviews, 65%), quasi-experimental design (9/20 reviews, 45%), and pre-post studies (6/20 reviews, 30%). Qualitative studies or mixed methods were reported in 13/20 (65%) reviews. Five main categories of effects were identified: (1) health and clinical outcomes, (2) psychological and behavioral outcomes, (3) health care utilization, (4) system adoption and use, and (5) system attributes. Health and clinical outcomes were measured with both general indicators and disease-specific indicators and reported in 11/20 (55%) reviews. Patient-provider communication and patient satisfaction were the most investigated psychological and behavioral outcomes, reported in 13/20 (65%) and 12/20 (60%) reviews, respectively. Evaluation of health care utilization was included in 8/20 (40%) reviews, most of which focused on the economic effects on the health care system. Conclusions: Although observational studies and surveys have provided evidence of benefits and satisfaction for patients, there is still little reliable evidence from randomized controlled trials of improved health outcomes. Future evaluations of digital health interventions for citizens should focus on specific populations or chronic conditions which are more likely to achieve clinically meaningful benefits and use high-quality approaches such as randomized controlled trials. Implementation research methods should also be considered. We identified a wide range of effects and indicators, most of which focused on patients as main end
American Journal of Men's Health, Mar 1, 2021
This mixed-methods study aimed to determine the level of male involvement in the prevention of mo... more This mixed-methods study aimed to determine the level of male involvement in the prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) services in Haiti and identify barriers and associated factors. From May to June 2018, a questionnaire was used to measure the level of male involvement. Semistructured interviews with pregnant women were also conducted. Multivariate linear regression and qualitative content analyses were performed to explore factors associated and barriers to male partners’ involvement in PMTCT services. One hundred and two pregnant women living with HIV completed the questionnaire. About 47% of male partners had a high level of involvement. Specifically, 90% financially supported their spouse, and 82% knew her appointment date at the antenatal clinic (ANC). Only 25% of male partners accompanied their spouse to the ANC, and 19% routinely used a condom during sexual intercourse. Factors associated with male involvement in PMTCT were being married and sharing HIV status with the male partner. Male partners with a positive HIV status were more likely to be involved in PMTCT. Qualitative findings revealed that barriers to male involvement included the conflict between opening hours of the ANC and the male partner’s schedule, waiting time at the ANC, and the perception of antenatal care as being women’s business. Overall male partners’ involvement in PMTCT services is moderate. Gender relations, sociocultural beliefs, and care organization are likely to hinder this involvement. Developing and implementing contextually and culturally accepted strategies for male partners of pregnant women could contribute to strengthening their involvement in the PMTCT program.
Health Affairs, Apr 1, 2016
We conducted a mixed-methods knowledge synthesis to assess the effectiveness of interventions to ... more We conducted a mixed-methods knowledge synthesis to assess the effectiveness of interventions to improve caregivers' involvement in decision making with seniors, and to describe caregivers' experiences of decision making in the absence of interventions. We analyzed forty-nine qualitative, fourteen quantitative, and three mixed-methods studies. The qualitative studies indicated that caregivers had unmet needs for information, discussions of values and needs, and decision support, which led to negative sentiments after decision making. Our results indicate that there have been insufficient quantitative evaluations of interventions to involve caregivers in decision making with seniors and that the evaluations that do exist found few clinically significant effects. Elements of usual care that received positive evaluations were the availability of a decision coach and a supportive decision-making environment. Additional rigorously evaluated interventions are needed to help caregivers be more involved in decision making with seniors.
Frontiers in Public Health
Conventional HIV testing performed by a health professional has shown its limitations in targetin... more Conventional HIV testing performed by a health professional has shown its limitations in targeting marginalized and vulnerable populations. Indeed, men who have sex with men (MSM) due to social discrimination are often uncomfortable using this service at the health facilities level. In this perspective, new differentiated approaches have been thought through de-medicalized and decentralized HIV testing (DDHT). This HIV testing strategy enables overcoming the structural, legal, and social barriers that prevent these populations from quickly accessing HIV services. This article discusses the prerequisites and added value of implementing this strategy for MSM living in a criminalized context and its implication in decentralizing health services toward the community level.
Pan African Medical Journal
Journal of Nursing Education and Practice, 2022
Objective: Education in nursing and obstetrics combines theoretical learning with clinical experi... more Objective: Education in nursing and obstetrics combines theoretical learning with clinical experience. Thus, the internship organization and the supervision of a trainee require the cooperation of different partners in educational and health institutions that receive the trainees. This systematic review aimed to identify factors that facilitate or hinder the effectiveness of clinical educational supervision of nursing and obstetrics students.Methods: Three electronic databases (PubMeb, CINAHL and ERIC) were searched. Two independent reviewers selected eligible publications based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Qualitative, quantitative or mixed studies conducted in Sub-Saharan Africa and published between January 2011 and December 2020 were included.Results: The study revealed that while there are some strengths (facilitators), clinical pedagogical supervision presents mostly weaknesses (barriers) at the structural and procedural levels. Of the 65 factors studied, all nine stud...
International Journal of Healthcare
Background: Mobile health (mHealth) interventions are being tested to improve contraceptive uptak... more Background: Mobile health (mHealth) interventions are being tested to improve contraceptive uptake in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). However, few attempts have systematically reviewed the mHealth programs to enhance family planning (FP) services among women in SSA. At the same time, more than half of low-income countries’ population have a cell phone. This review identifies and highlights facilitators and barriers to implementing cell phone interventions designed to target women FP services.Methods: Databases including PubMed, CINAHL, Epistemonikos, Embase, and Global Health were systematically searched for studies from January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2020, to identify various mHealth interventions used to improve the use of FP services among women in SSA. Two authors independently selected eligible publications based on inclusion/exclusion criteria, assessed study quality and extracted data using a pre-defined data extraction sheet. In addition, a content analysis was conducted using a...
Journal of environmental protection, 2024
Background: Plastic pollution is the accumulation of waste composed of plastic and its derivative... more Background: Plastic pollution is the accumulation of waste composed of plastic and its derivatives all over the environment. Whether in the form of visible garbage or microparticles, as it slowly degrades, plastic pollution poses significant threats to terrestrial and aquatic habitats and the wildlife that call them home, whether through ingestion, entanglement or exposure to the chemicals contained in the material. Unfortunately, there is a lack of documentation on the impact of plastic waste on human health in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs). Methods: We searched five electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Global Health, CINAHL and Web of Science) and gray literature, following the preferred reporting elements for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA), for the impact of plastic waste on human health in developing countries. We included quantitative and qualitative studies written in English and French. We assessed the quality of the included articles using the Mixed Methods Appraisal tool (MMAT). Results: A total of 3779 articles were initially identified by searching electronic databases. After eliminating duplicates, 3167 articles were reviewed based on
PAMJ clinical medicine, 2024
medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Apr 1, 2024
medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Apr 1, 2024
Background: In collaboration with the Ministry of Health and Public Hygiene (MHPH) of Burkina Fas... more Background: In collaboration with the Ministry of Health and Public Hygiene (MHPH) of Burkina Faso (BF), the Foundation Terre des Hommes (Tdh) has developed the Integrated e-Diagnostic Approach (IeDA) project in BF since 2010 to strengthen the health system by digitalizing medical protocols, improving the quality of services and using data. We sought to identify and analyze the barriers and facilitators of using the All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission.
medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Apr 1, 2024
International journal of MCH and AIDS, Mar 16, 2024
medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Apr 15, 2024
All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission.
Journal of Palliative Care, 2019
Purpose: To review studies pertaining to the reliability and validity of observational pain asses... more Purpose: To review studies pertaining to the reliability and validity of observational pain assessment tools for use with nonverbal patients at the end-of-life, a field of research not documented by previous systematic reviews. Methods: Databases (PubMed, Embase, Epistemonikos, the Cochrane Library, and CINAHL) were systematically searched for studies from study inception to February 21, 2016 (update in May 9, 2018). Two independent reviewers screened study titles, abstracts, and full texts according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Disagreements were resolved through consensus. Reviewers also extracted the psychometrics properties of studies of observational pain assessment instruments dedicated to a noncommunicative population in palliative care or at the end-of-life. A comprehensive quality assessment was conducted using the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) to derive poor, fair, good or excellent ratings for the psychometr...
Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, 2009
Information technology (IT) has produced a deep impact on human lives, and the most important asp... more Information technology (IT) has produced a deep impact on human lives, and the most important aspect of its effect is on education and learning. This study was done for the purpose of evaluating the effectiveness of electronic health information on our Web site http://www.teen.hbi.ir in the promotion of health education and in increasing the capabilities of the students in the use of the Internet. This study was performed on the basis of the information obtained from the questionnaires on selected health issues from 649 students from 3 high schools. Information was collected in 2 steps (pretest and posttest). The t test and Leven’s test were used in the statistical analysis of data. Results of the t test showed that educating students through health information Web sites has increased their knowledge by at least 14.5% on environmental health and 48.9% on nutrition and was statistically meaningful in all fields ( P = .000) with the exception of mental health. The fact is that the use...
medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Apr 27, 2022
doi: medRxiv preprint NOTE: This preprint reports new research that has not been certified by pee... more doi: medRxiv preprint NOTE: This preprint reports new research that has not been certified by peer review and should not be used to guide clinical practice.
Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2022
Advances in Sexual Medicine
Introduction: When it comes to family planning, requirements and preferences vary among couples. ... more Introduction: When it comes to family planning, requirements and preferences vary among couples. Because of their mixed effectiveness, traditional contraceptive methods are often associated and accounted as unmet needs. However, interest in these methods is growing significantly. Nevertheless, knowledge of the reasons for the decision and using traditional contraceptive methods remains limited. The purpose of this study was to identify the preferences and motivations of women who use traditional contraceptive methods to avoid pregnancy in Sub-Saharan Africa. Method: A literature search was conducted in three electronic databases (PubMed/Biomed Central/Medline, Embase, CINAHL). Two independent individuals selected the eligible quantitative, qualitative, and mixed studies published between 2011 and 2020. We conducted a narrative synthesis to organize and group preferences and motivations that facilitate traditional contraceptive methods use. Results: Abstinence, withdrawal, breastfeeding, rhythm method were the main preferences to contraceptive planning methods identified. Factors influencing the use of traditional contraceptive methods were the lack of knowledge, the side effects, the bad experience with the modern contraceptive methods, spousal communication around family planning, the husband's opposition to modern methods, availability, accessibility, and the absence of side effects as well as the character of the traditional methods, the fact of living in an urban environment as well as the age beyond 30 years. Conclusion: This review identified preferences and motivations for using traditional contraceptive methods.
Background: Digital health can empower citizens to manage their health and address health care sy... more Background: Digital health can empower citizens to manage their health and address health care system problems including poor access, uncoordinated care and increasing costs. Digital health interventions are typically complex interventions. Therefore, evaluations present methodological challenges. Objective: The objective of this study was to provide a systematic overview of the methods used to evaluate the effects of internet-based digital health interventions for citizens. Three research questions were addressed to explore methods regarding approaches (study design), effects and indicators. Methods: We conducted a systematic review of reviews of the methods used to measure the effects of internet-based digital health interventions for citizens. The protocol was developed a priori according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic review and Meta-Analysis Protocols and the Cochrane Collaboration methodology for overviews of reviews. Qualitative, mixed-method, and quantitative reviews published in English or French from January 2010 to October 2016 were included. We searched for published reviews in PubMed, EMBASE, The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, CINHAL and Epistemonikos. We categorized the findings based on a thematic analysis of the reviews structured around study designs, indicators, types of interventions, effects and perspectives. Results: A total of 20 unique reviews were included. The most common digital health interventions for citizens were patient portals and patients' access to electronic health records, covered by 10/20 (50%) and 6/20 (30%) reviews, respectively. Quantitative approaches to study design included observational study (15/20 reviews, 75%), randomized controlled trial (13/20 reviews, 65%), quasi-experimental design (9/20 reviews, 45%), and pre-post studies (6/20 reviews, 30%). Qualitative studies or mixed methods were reported in 13/20 (65%) reviews. Five main categories of effects were identified: (1) health and clinical outcomes, (2) psychological and behavioral outcomes, (3) health care utilization, (4) system adoption and use, and (5) system attributes. Health and clinical outcomes were measured with both general indicators and disease-specific indicators and reported in 11/20 (55%) reviews. Patient-provider communication and patient satisfaction were the most investigated psychological and behavioral outcomes, reported in 13/20 (65%) and 12/20 (60%) reviews, respectively. Evaluation of health care utilization was included in 8/20 (40%) reviews, most of which focused on the economic effects on the health care system. Conclusions: Although observational studies and surveys have provided evidence of benefits and satisfaction for patients, there is still little reliable evidence from randomized controlled trials of improved health outcomes. Future evaluations of digital health interventions for citizens should focus on specific populations or chronic conditions which are more likely to achieve clinically meaningful benefits and use high-quality approaches such as randomized controlled trials. Implementation research methods should also be considered. We identified a wide range of effects and indicators, most of which focused on patients as main end
American Journal of Men's Health, Mar 1, 2021
This mixed-methods study aimed to determine the level of male involvement in the prevention of mo... more This mixed-methods study aimed to determine the level of male involvement in the prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) services in Haiti and identify barriers and associated factors. From May to June 2018, a questionnaire was used to measure the level of male involvement. Semistructured interviews with pregnant women were also conducted. Multivariate linear regression and qualitative content analyses were performed to explore factors associated and barriers to male partners’ involvement in PMTCT services. One hundred and two pregnant women living with HIV completed the questionnaire. About 47% of male partners had a high level of involvement. Specifically, 90% financially supported their spouse, and 82% knew her appointment date at the antenatal clinic (ANC). Only 25% of male partners accompanied their spouse to the ANC, and 19% routinely used a condom during sexual intercourse. Factors associated with male involvement in PMTCT were being married and sharing HIV status with the male partner. Male partners with a positive HIV status were more likely to be involved in PMTCT. Qualitative findings revealed that barriers to male involvement included the conflict between opening hours of the ANC and the male partner’s schedule, waiting time at the ANC, and the perception of antenatal care as being women’s business. Overall male partners’ involvement in PMTCT services is moderate. Gender relations, sociocultural beliefs, and care organization are likely to hinder this involvement. Developing and implementing contextually and culturally accepted strategies for male partners of pregnant women could contribute to strengthening their involvement in the PMTCT program.
Health Affairs, Apr 1, 2016
We conducted a mixed-methods knowledge synthesis to assess the effectiveness of interventions to ... more We conducted a mixed-methods knowledge synthesis to assess the effectiveness of interventions to improve caregivers' involvement in decision making with seniors, and to describe caregivers' experiences of decision making in the absence of interventions. We analyzed forty-nine qualitative, fourteen quantitative, and three mixed-methods studies. The qualitative studies indicated that caregivers had unmet needs for information, discussions of values and needs, and decision support, which led to negative sentiments after decision making. Our results indicate that there have been insufficient quantitative evaluations of interventions to involve caregivers in decision making with seniors and that the evaluations that do exist found few clinically significant effects. Elements of usual care that received positive evaluations were the availability of a decision coach and a supportive decision-making environment. Additional rigorously evaluated interventions are needed to help caregivers be more involved in decision making with seniors.
Frontiers in Public Health
Conventional HIV testing performed by a health professional has shown its limitations in targetin... more Conventional HIV testing performed by a health professional has shown its limitations in targeting marginalized and vulnerable populations. Indeed, men who have sex with men (MSM) due to social discrimination are often uncomfortable using this service at the health facilities level. In this perspective, new differentiated approaches have been thought through de-medicalized and decentralized HIV testing (DDHT). This HIV testing strategy enables overcoming the structural, legal, and social barriers that prevent these populations from quickly accessing HIV services. This article discusses the prerequisites and added value of implementing this strategy for MSM living in a criminalized context and its implication in decentralizing health services toward the community level.
Pan African Medical Journal
Journal of Nursing Education and Practice, 2022
Objective: Education in nursing and obstetrics combines theoretical learning with clinical experi... more Objective: Education in nursing and obstetrics combines theoretical learning with clinical experience. Thus, the internship organization and the supervision of a trainee require the cooperation of different partners in educational and health institutions that receive the trainees. This systematic review aimed to identify factors that facilitate or hinder the effectiveness of clinical educational supervision of nursing and obstetrics students.Methods: Three electronic databases (PubMeb, CINAHL and ERIC) were searched. Two independent reviewers selected eligible publications based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Qualitative, quantitative or mixed studies conducted in Sub-Saharan Africa and published between January 2011 and December 2020 were included.Results: The study revealed that while there are some strengths (facilitators), clinical pedagogical supervision presents mostly weaknesses (barriers) at the structural and procedural levels. Of the 65 factors studied, all nine stud...
International Journal of Healthcare
Background: Mobile health (mHealth) interventions are being tested to improve contraceptive uptak... more Background: Mobile health (mHealth) interventions are being tested to improve contraceptive uptake in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). However, few attempts have systematically reviewed the mHealth programs to enhance family planning (FP) services among women in SSA. At the same time, more than half of low-income countries’ population have a cell phone. This review identifies and highlights facilitators and barriers to implementing cell phone interventions designed to target women FP services.Methods: Databases including PubMed, CINAHL, Epistemonikos, Embase, and Global Health were systematically searched for studies from January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2020, to identify various mHealth interventions used to improve the use of FP services among women in SSA. Two authors independently selected eligible publications based on inclusion/exclusion criteria, assessed study quality and extracted data using a pre-defined data extraction sheet. In addition, a content analysis was conducted using a...