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Papers by Jean-Pierre Clairbois
Transportation Research Procedia, Dec 31, 2022
HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), Apr 23, 2012
perform multi-objective holistic optimizations of noise reducing devices. We present here optimiz... more perform multi-objective holistic optimizations of noise reducing devices. We present here optimization results concerning the extrinsic performances of noise barriers. The performances under interest are acoustical, economical and environmental. The variety of noise barriers considered is very wide, ranging from straight and flat barriers, to rough or capped barriers. A total number of four noise reducing device families are optimized. Acoustical performances are obtained from numerical calculations: the Boundary Element Method (in 2D) is used to obtain relative sound pressure levels at a set of receivers in different situations. These situations include road and rail sources; rural and urban cases; flat, embanked and depressed topographies. The economical performance is calculated according to the maintenance cost of the different materials in use in the barrier. Four environmental performances indicators are considered; their calculation is based on a life-cycle assessment analysis. All performances are expressed as a gain (or loss) relative to a reference screen. It is shown that the optimization procedure allows one to obtain a wide variety of optimized noise reducing devices, and hence provides a helpful design tool by allowing one to focus on specific parameters.
Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Apr 1, 2012
The work presented in this paper is part of the QUIESST European project, in which one of the obj... more The work presented in this paper is part of the QUIESST European project, in which one of the objectives is to perform optimizations of noise reducing devices. We present here optimization results concerning the intrinsic performances of noise barriers. First the limits of these optimizations are determined: this concerns geometrical limitations as well as limitations on the number of materials. The intrinsic performances under interest are calculated using numerical simulations (the Boundary Element Method and the Transfer Matrix Method) in such a way that calculated values are as close as possible to quantities that one could measure using the CEN/TS 1793-4-5-6 standards. These simulations lead to reflection, transmission and diffraction performance values, which are expressed as a relative gain (or loss) to a reference noise barrier. The multi-objective optimization strategy is then detailed and applied to nine coherent noise reducing device families. It is shown that using a specific set of parameters can largely improve the noise reducing device performances, and more importantly, that some selected set of parameters allow one to optimize several objectives simultaneously.
Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, May 1, 1998
Two importantproblemsoccur whenone build noise barriers on highway viaducts. The first problem is... more Two importantproblemsoccur whenone build noise barriers on highway viaducts. The first problem is the cotiicting principles of barrier effectiveness with the landscape integration: that ve~often leads to low heights andor the use of sound reflecting materials. The second one is the noise generated at the expansion joints of the viaduct, even if it can be protected by the barrier above the road, it can stay unprotected below the viaduct itself. This paper will present some measurements and design studies made in such situations. NOISE BA=RS ON WADUCTS
The author considers three road traffic noise problems: emission, propagation, and immission. The... more The author considers three road traffic noise problems: emission, propagation, and immission. The characteristics of railway noise and road traffic noise are compared. The use of noise barriers is considered in more detail. Parameters which affect noise barrier efficiency are discussed. These include geometrical characteristics, noise transmission and noise absorption. The advantage of using absorbent material is noted. Efficiency ranges are given for a number of measures which can be used to reduce traffic noise. These include: adapted road surfaces; dense pine forests; single noise barriers; noise barriers with 'hats'; partial road covering; tunnelling; and absorbent treatment. For the covering abstract of the conference see IRRD 856674.
INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings
SOPRANOISE targets a three-step approach for assessing the in-situ intrinsic acoustic performance... more SOPRANOISE targets a three-step approach for assessing the in-situ intrinsic acoustic performance of road/railway noise barriers in regard to airborne sound insulation and sound reflection under direct sound field conditions. This approach goes from the in-situ inspections method (targeting at the acoustic effect in the far-field) to the standardized measuring methods EN 1793-5 and 6, with "quick and safe" measuring methods in between. Papers about SOPRANOISE have already been presented in 2020 and 2021 as progress reports. The research ended in February 2022 and the final outcomes are now presented. The main part of the pending work has been done within Work Package 4 (WP4). Herein, a new "quick and safe" method was designed and validated both in the lab and in situ. The new measuring equipment is portable, lightweight and uses a linear antenna; the measurement itself is fully automated and the results show a very good correlation with full EN 1793-5/-6 results....
49th International Congress and Exposition on Noise Control Engineering, INTER-NOISE 2020, 2020
SOPRANOISE (Securing and Optimizing the Performance of Road traffic noise barriers with New methO... more SOPRANOISE (Securing and Optimizing the Performance of Road traffic noise barriers with New methOds and In-Situ Evaluation) is a new European research targeting the in-situ intrinsic acoustic performances of noise barriers, whatever those barriers are placed along roads or along railway tracks. Even if the European (CEN) standards EN1793-5 and EN1793-6 have been initially drafted for certification of product to be used under direct sound field conditions, they also shown their ability to measure, to some extent, the in-situ intrinsic sound absorption / reflection and airborne sound insulation of noise barriers. However, there is still interest / need to simplify their use alongside roads and railway tracks. SOPRANOISE will update the State Of the Art about today in-situ methods, their significance and their accuracy to characterize the noise barriers intrinsic acoustic performances, as well as their ability to be used in a quick and safe 1 jpc@atech-acoustictechnologies.com 2 5 c.nicodeme@erf.be manner. Investigations will start from the easiest in-situ inspection methods up to future improved versions of the existing EN1793-5 and EN1793-6. In-between, there is a gap for simplified and safe methods: SOPRANOISE aims to define the right methods for the right levels of decision, from the simplest to the most accurate characterization. This research is funded by CEDR and is scheduled from December 2019 until November 2021.
We present the last results obtained within WP5 "Holistic optimizations" of the QUIESST... more We present the last results obtained within WP5 "Holistic optimizations" of the QUIESST European Project dedicated to the assessment of Noise Reducing Devices' acoustical performances. A first task was a state of the art of existing methods followed by choices of best solutions for holistic optimizations of complex-shape noise barriers. Results of application to extrinsic performance optimizations are then presented taken into account acoustical, economical and environmental parameters in a multiple-objectives approach. The variety of studied noise barriers ranges from straight and flat, to strongly non flat or capped, with a total number of nine noise reducing device families to optimize. Acoustical performances are obtained from numerical calculations using the 2D-BEM (Boundary Element Method) and applied to a set of realistic road and rail configurations. The economical performance is calculated through the construction, maintenance and demolition costs when four en...
This paper highlights the 2015 state of the two parallel packages of European standards on noise ... more This paper highlights the 2015 state of the two parallel packages of European standards on noise barriers and related devices acting on airborne sound propagation: one for roads, the other for railways. The first package has been developed by CEN/TC226/WG6. As in the road sector noise barriers are under the CPR 305/2011, the package includes a harmonized standard (EN 14388) and a set of supporting standards for testing or calculating the relevant characteristics: sound absorption, sound insulation, effectiveness of added devices on the top edge, mechanical and safety characteristics etc. Recently, a new specific standard about fire reaction has been added; moreover, a brand new standard on the sustainability of noise reducing devices is being drafted. The second package is being developed by CEN/TC256/SC1/WG40. In the railway sector, noise barriers are considered outside CPR 305/2011 but conforming to the Technical Specifications for Interoperability (TSI). While the main characteri...
The work presented in this paper is part of the QUIESST European project, in which one of the obj... more The work presented in this paper is part of the QUIESST European project, in which one of the objective is to perform multi-objective holistic optimisations of noise reducing devices. We present here optimisation results concerning the extrinsic performances of noise barriers. The performances under interest are acoustical, economical and environmental. The variety of noise barriers considered is very wide, ranging from straight and flat barriers, to rough or capped barriers. A total number of nine noise reducing device families are optimised. Acoustical performances are obtained from numerical calculations: the Boundary Element Method (in 2D) is used to obtain relative sound pressure levels at a set of receivers in different situations. Theses situations include road and rail sources; rural and urban cases; flat, embanked and depressed topographies. The economical performance is calculated according to the maintenance cost of the different materials in use in the barrier. Four envi...
The research QUIESST (QUIetening the Environment of Sustainable Surface Transport) successfully s... more The research QUIESST (QUIetening the Environment of Sustainable Surface Transport) successfully started in November 2009 for 36 months, its objectives and work schedule have already been presented at the INTERNOISE 2010 Congress. This paper will present the progress report at mid-term (18 months): the technical work packages are WP2 (Relationship near field / far field for sound reflection), WP3 (Improvement of the in-situ method for sound absorption and insulation measurement), WP4 (Noise performance evaluation: comparison of laboratory and in-situ methods), WP5 (Holistic optimization and global noise impact), WP6 (Sustainability). The achievements reached at the date of this paper will be stated, as well as the remaining steps toward the end of the research.
This paper presents an overview of generic database of sustainability criteria values for a range... more This paper presents an overview of generic database of sustainability criteria values for a range of noise reducing devices (NRDs) for surface transport developed as part of the research carried out in the EU project “Quietening the Environment for a Sustainable Surface Transport” (QUIESST) (1) and how these criteria can be used for sustainability assessment of noise barriers standards. The NRD Industry has been involved in this research and NRD’s manufacturers have always shown a great interest in sustainability assessment. This is coupled with the new Construction Product Regulation (305/2011/EU -CPR) (2) that came into force in July 2013 that promotes a new approach in products qualification based on the declaration of performance against seven essential requirements. Sustainability has been specifically addressed with the new 7 th basic requirement, ’sustainable usage of natural resources‘. The method developed within this research is used to define evaluation procedures to meet...
Transportation Research Procedia, Dec 31, 2022
HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), Apr 23, 2012
perform multi-objective holistic optimizations of noise reducing devices. We present here optimiz... more perform multi-objective holistic optimizations of noise reducing devices. We present here optimization results concerning the extrinsic performances of noise barriers. The performances under interest are acoustical, economical and environmental. The variety of noise barriers considered is very wide, ranging from straight and flat barriers, to rough or capped barriers. A total number of four noise reducing device families are optimized. Acoustical performances are obtained from numerical calculations: the Boundary Element Method (in 2D) is used to obtain relative sound pressure levels at a set of receivers in different situations. These situations include road and rail sources; rural and urban cases; flat, embanked and depressed topographies. The economical performance is calculated according to the maintenance cost of the different materials in use in the barrier. Four environmental performances indicators are considered; their calculation is based on a life-cycle assessment analysis. All performances are expressed as a gain (or loss) relative to a reference screen. It is shown that the optimization procedure allows one to obtain a wide variety of optimized noise reducing devices, and hence provides a helpful design tool by allowing one to focus on specific parameters.
Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Apr 1, 2012
The work presented in this paper is part of the QUIESST European project, in which one of the obj... more The work presented in this paper is part of the QUIESST European project, in which one of the objectives is to perform optimizations of noise reducing devices. We present here optimization results concerning the intrinsic performances of noise barriers. First the limits of these optimizations are determined: this concerns geometrical limitations as well as limitations on the number of materials. The intrinsic performances under interest are calculated using numerical simulations (the Boundary Element Method and the Transfer Matrix Method) in such a way that calculated values are as close as possible to quantities that one could measure using the CEN/TS 1793-4-5-6 standards. These simulations lead to reflection, transmission and diffraction performance values, which are expressed as a relative gain (or loss) to a reference noise barrier. The multi-objective optimization strategy is then detailed and applied to nine coherent noise reducing device families. It is shown that using a specific set of parameters can largely improve the noise reducing device performances, and more importantly, that some selected set of parameters allow one to optimize several objectives simultaneously.
Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, May 1, 1998
Two importantproblemsoccur whenone build noise barriers on highway viaducts. The first problem is... more Two importantproblemsoccur whenone build noise barriers on highway viaducts. The first problem is the cotiicting principles of barrier effectiveness with the landscape integration: that ve~often leads to low heights andor the use of sound reflecting materials. The second one is the noise generated at the expansion joints of the viaduct, even if it can be protected by the barrier above the road, it can stay unprotected below the viaduct itself. This paper will present some measurements and design studies made in such situations. NOISE BA=RS ON WADUCTS
The author considers three road traffic noise problems: emission, propagation, and immission. The... more The author considers three road traffic noise problems: emission, propagation, and immission. The characteristics of railway noise and road traffic noise are compared. The use of noise barriers is considered in more detail. Parameters which affect noise barrier efficiency are discussed. These include geometrical characteristics, noise transmission and noise absorption. The advantage of using absorbent material is noted. Efficiency ranges are given for a number of measures which can be used to reduce traffic noise. These include: adapted road surfaces; dense pine forests; single noise barriers; noise barriers with 'hats'; partial road covering; tunnelling; and absorbent treatment. For the covering abstract of the conference see IRRD 856674.
INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings
SOPRANOISE targets a three-step approach for assessing the in-situ intrinsic acoustic performance... more SOPRANOISE targets a three-step approach for assessing the in-situ intrinsic acoustic performance of road/railway noise barriers in regard to airborne sound insulation and sound reflection under direct sound field conditions. This approach goes from the in-situ inspections method (targeting at the acoustic effect in the far-field) to the standardized measuring methods EN 1793-5 and 6, with "quick and safe" measuring methods in between. Papers about SOPRANOISE have already been presented in 2020 and 2021 as progress reports. The research ended in February 2022 and the final outcomes are now presented. The main part of the pending work has been done within Work Package 4 (WP4). Herein, a new "quick and safe" method was designed and validated both in the lab and in situ. The new measuring equipment is portable, lightweight and uses a linear antenna; the measurement itself is fully automated and the results show a very good correlation with full EN 1793-5/-6 results....
49th International Congress and Exposition on Noise Control Engineering, INTER-NOISE 2020, 2020
SOPRANOISE (Securing and Optimizing the Performance of Road traffic noise barriers with New methO... more SOPRANOISE (Securing and Optimizing the Performance of Road traffic noise barriers with New methOds and In-Situ Evaluation) is a new European research targeting the in-situ intrinsic acoustic performances of noise barriers, whatever those barriers are placed along roads or along railway tracks. Even if the European (CEN) standards EN1793-5 and EN1793-6 have been initially drafted for certification of product to be used under direct sound field conditions, they also shown their ability to measure, to some extent, the in-situ intrinsic sound absorption / reflection and airborne sound insulation of noise barriers. However, there is still interest / need to simplify their use alongside roads and railway tracks. SOPRANOISE will update the State Of the Art about today in-situ methods, their significance and their accuracy to characterize the noise barriers intrinsic acoustic performances, as well as their ability to be used in a quick and safe 1 jpc@atech-acoustictechnologies.com 2 5 c.nicodeme@erf.be manner. Investigations will start from the easiest in-situ inspection methods up to future improved versions of the existing EN1793-5 and EN1793-6. In-between, there is a gap for simplified and safe methods: SOPRANOISE aims to define the right methods for the right levels of decision, from the simplest to the most accurate characterization. This research is funded by CEDR and is scheduled from December 2019 until November 2021.
We present the last results obtained within WP5 "Holistic optimizations" of the QUIESST... more We present the last results obtained within WP5 "Holistic optimizations" of the QUIESST European Project dedicated to the assessment of Noise Reducing Devices' acoustical performances. A first task was a state of the art of existing methods followed by choices of best solutions for holistic optimizations of complex-shape noise barriers. Results of application to extrinsic performance optimizations are then presented taken into account acoustical, economical and environmental parameters in a multiple-objectives approach. The variety of studied noise barriers ranges from straight and flat, to strongly non flat or capped, with a total number of nine noise reducing device families to optimize. Acoustical performances are obtained from numerical calculations using the 2D-BEM (Boundary Element Method) and applied to a set of realistic road and rail configurations. The economical performance is calculated through the construction, maintenance and demolition costs when four en...
This paper highlights the 2015 state of the two parallel packages of European standards on noise ... more This paper highlights the 2015 state of the two parallel packages of European standards on noise barriers and related devices acting on airborne sound propagation: one for roads, the other for railways. The first package has been developed by CEN/TC226/WG6. As in the road sector noise barriers are under the CPR 305/2011, the package includes a harmonized standard (EN 14388) and a set of supporting standards for testing or calculating the relevant characteristics: sound absorption, sound insulation, effectiveness of added devices on the top edge, mechanical and safety characteristics etc. Recently, a new specific standard about fire reaction has been added; moreover, a brand new standard on the sustainability of noise reducing devices is being drafted. The second package is being developed by CEN/TC256/SC1/WG40. In the railway sector, noise barriers are considered outside CPR 305/2011 but conforming to the Technical Specifications for Interoperability (TSI). While the main characteri...
The work presented in this paper is part of the QUIESST European project, in which one of the obj... more The work presented in this paper is part of the QUIESST European project, in which one of the objective is to perform multi-objective holistic optimisations of noise reducing devices. We present here optimisation results concerning the extrinsic performances of noise barriers. The performances under interest are acoustical, economical and environmental. The variety of noise barriers considered is very wide, ranging from straight and flat barriers, to rough or capped barriers. A total number of nine noise reducing device families are optimised. Acoustical performances are obtained from numerical calculations: the Boundary Element Method (in 2D) is used to obtain relative sound pressure levels at a set of receivers in different situations. Theses situations include road and rail sources; rural and urban cases; flat, embanked and depressed topographies. The economical performance is calculated according to the maintenance cost of the different materials in use in the barrier. Four envi...
The research QUIESST (QUIetening the Environment of Sustainable Surface Transport) successfully s... more The research QUIESST (QUIetening the Environment of Sustainable Surface Transport) successfully started in November 2009 for 36 months, its objectives and work schedule have already been presented at the INTERNOISE 2010 Congress. This paper will present the progress report at mid-term (18 months): the technical work packages are WP2 (Relationship near field / far field for sound reflection), WP3 (Improvement of the in-situ method for sound absorption and insulation measurement), WP4 (Noise performance evaluation: comparison of laboratory and in-situ methods), WP5 (Holistic optimization and global noise impact), WP6 (Sustainability). The achievements reached at the date of this paper will be stated, as well as the remaining steps toward the end of the research.
This paper presents an overview of generic database of sustainability criteria values for a range... more This paper presents an overview of generic database of sustainability criteria values for a range of noise reducing devices (NRDs) for surface transport developed as part of the research carried out in the EU project “Quietening the Environment for a Sustainable Surface Transport” (QUIESST) (1) and how these criteria can be used for sustainability assessment of noise barriers standards. The NRD Industry has been involved in this research and NRD’s manufacturers have always shown a great interest in sustainability assessment. This is coupled with the new Construction Product Regulation (305/2011/EU -CPR) (2) that came into force in July 2013 that promotes a new approach in products qualification based on the declaration of performance against seven essential requirements. Sustainability has been specifically addressed with the new 7 th basic requirement, ’sustainable usage of natural resources‘. The method developed within this research is used to define evaluation procedures to meet...