Miguel Santos Neves | Universidade Lusófona (original) (raw)
MIGUEL F. G. MATOS SANTOS NEVES
Doutorado pela London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE), MPhil em Economia do Desenvolvimento pelo Institute of Development Studies (IDS), University of Sussex, e licenciatura em Direito (Jurídico-Económicas) pela Faculdade de Direito da Universidade de Lisboa. Professor Associado na Universidade Lusófona na área do Direito ; na Universidade Autónoma de Lisboa (2009-2023) nas áreas de Relações Internacionais e Direito Internacional, responsável por UCs em cursos de Mestrado e Doutoramento em Relações Internacionais e em Direito (seminário de Geoeconomia e Transnacionalização, Análise de Politicas Externas, Direito das Migrações, Seminário Proteção Internacional de Direitos Humanos) e Coordenador da Cátedra “Korea and East Asia” da UAL; Professor Associado no Instituto Universitário Militar, Mestrado em Ciências Militares responsável pela UC Direito Internacional (2012-2022). Participou como professor visitante ou proferiu conferências públicas/aulas em diversas universidades nomeadamente Universidade de Oxford, London School of Economics and Political Science LSE, University of Hong Kong, Hitotsubashi University, Universidade de Paris /CNRS, Seoul National University, Dong-A University.
No domínio da investigação é actualmente Presidente do Network of Strategic and International Studies (NSIS), um think tank privado dedicado à investigação de questões internacionais e Vice-Presidente do Oxford Dialogue, uma associação internacional de académicos e investigadores com sede no Reino Unido. Entre 1995 e 2013 foi Investigador e Diretor do Programa Ásia e do Programa Migrações do Instituto de Estudos Estratégicos e Internacionais (IEEI). Investigador do CEMRI-Universidade Aberta. Membro do Conselho Académico da CASS Europe e membro do comité científico da revista Asia-Europe Journal, Membro do Conselho Científico da Revista American Yearbook of International Law (AYIL).
Desempenhou funções como Conselheiro Económico do Ministério dos Negócios Estrangeiros na área multilateral (ONU, Banco, Mundial, OCDE, OMC) e participou como membro de delegações portuguesas a diversas conferências internacionais. Foi ainda Assessor do Governador de Macau, integrado na assessoria diplomática, e do Secretário-Adjunto para a Administração e Justiça e perito do Grupo de Ligação Luso-Chinês sobre a questão do estatuto internacional de Macau. Tem participado desde há vários anos no Asia-Europe dialogue no contexto da ASEM e do EU-ASEAN+3. Em 2006 foi orador convidado pela Asia- Europe Foundation para a 16th ASEF Lecture Tours (2006) - The Knowledge Regions and Innovation in the era of Globalization: challenges and opportunities for Europe and Asia.
Coordenou diversos projetos de investigação nacionais e internacionais tendo a investigação mais recente centrado-se em 4 áreas fundamentais: a) Mobilidade Humana e Diásporas Globais, centrada nas diásporas Chinesa e Portuguesa; b) Direitos Humanos e sua regulação global com especial atenção ao fenómenos do Tráfico de Seres Humanos em Portugal e na UE e reflexão sobre as políticas de prevenção c) Diplomacia Económica, Paradiplomacia e análise de Politicas Externas d) Regulação dos Conflitos armados, Direito Internacional Humanitário e crise do Estado soberano.
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Papers by Miguel Santos Neves
Jurismat Revista Jurídica/ Law Review nº 19, 2024
The article looks at the Israel-Palestine conflict and analyses the dynamics of its transformatio... more The article looks at the Israel-Palestine conflict and analyses the dynamics of its transformation over the last two decades using the lenses of the interaction between Lawfare and warfare with a view to contribute to a better understanding of the nature of the interaction, its influence over the development of armed conflicts and interference with its effective regulation. The Israel-Palestine conflict constitutes a vivid example of the persistent violation of International Law but is also a paradigmatic case of the use of Lawfare by both parties to the conflict as a non-military means of Strategy aimed at attaining political objectives as an alternative to warfare.
The recourse to Lawfare has a relevant impact on the present high-level warfare phase initiated on 7.10.2023 with the Hamas terrorist attack, contributing to enhance the levels of violation of IHL and IHRL by both parties and to neutralise/weaken international pressure, thus exacerbating the levels of violence and mass violation of human rights that paved the way to the current humanitarian catastrophe. The inexistence of a right to self-defence of Israel under art. 51 of the Charter, as well as the violation of IHRL and IHL, namely the principles of proportionality and distinction, imply that Israel’s action in Gaza is illegal entailing the international responsibility of the State and the obligation of reparation, namely the compensations for all damages caused in Gaza, as well as non-juridical consequences involving the loss of international reputation that fuels the increasing international isolation of Israel.
The analysis reveals that the relationship between Lawfare and warfare tends to be more complex than the substitution pattern emphasized in the literature, pointing to a diversity of patterns, and concludes that it has an adverse impact of Lawfare on the multidimensional regulation of armed conflicts, both political, legal and social, insofar it reinforces the trend of fragmentation of international law and reinforces the logic of “rule by law” an instrument of power, rather than “rule of law”, a limit to power that challenges concepts of absolute sovereignty, weakening the effectiveness of regulation. On the other hand, this constitutes a considerable obstacle to the revitalisation of the positive peace process which also requires new players, different from the radicals Hamas and Netanyahu’s far-right government, a new international mediation more credible and impartial and a sustained, organised and coordinated pressure from the international public opinion.
Key words: Israel-Palestine conflict; Lawfare; Warfare regulation; Strategy; Human rights
The China Quarterly, Mar 1, 2002
This article delineates the negotiated space of civil autonomy in post-handover Hong Kong through... more This article delineates the negotiated space of civil autonomy in post-handover Hong Kong through the contingent interplay of law, discourse, dramaturgy and politics. It takes the Public Order Ordinance dispute in 2000 as the first major test case of civil conflicts in the shadow of the right of abode struggle. As it unfolded, the event demonstrated both the power and limits of resistance by the people, and the government's increasing will, as well as the strategies it used, to rule within the "law and order" framework under continual challenges. In the event, civil autonomy had been a contested issue involving considerations of rule of law, rights, civic propriety, state legitimacy and the construction of particular identity (such as student-hood). Given the multiplicity of discourses and sub-discourses, citizenship practices and public criticisms opened up a contested space for resistance and negotiation. A campaign of civil disobedience was at first successfully mounted through an ensemble of political and symbolic mechanisms. A turning point was configured when, mediated by a meaning reconstruction process, the government made a series of political and performative acts to re-script the drama, which turned out to be an ironic success for itself that put state-society relations on an increasingly tenuous course. Ultimately ideological differences were at stake: respect for a rights-based discourse of rule of law versus the assertion of political and legal authoritarianism.
Relações internacionais, Dec 1, 2018
![Research paper thumbnail of Portugal, a China e a “Questão de Macau”. By Francisco Gonçalves Pereira. [Macau: Instituto Português do Oriente, 1995. 192 pp. ISBN 972-8013-14-0.]](https://attachments.academia-assets.com/114072148/thumbnails/1.jpg)
](The China Quarterly, Dec 1, 1998
Perspectives chinoises, 2002
Santos Neves Miguel, Merle Aurore. Macao et l'Europe : les défis du jeu de la paradiplomatie.... more Santos Neves Miguel, Merle Aurore. Macao et l'Europe : les défis du jeu de la paradiplomatie. In: Perspectives chinoises, n°73, 2002. pp. 60-73
, conducts advanced research on global migration to serve migration governance needs at European ... more , conducts advanced research on global migration to serve migration governance needs at European level, from developing, implementing and monitoring migration-related policies to assessing their impact on the wider economy and society. Rationale Migration represents both an opportunity and a challenge. While well-managed migration may foster progress and welfare in origin-as well as destination countries, its mismanagement may put social cohesion, security and national sovereignty at risk. Sound policy-making on migration and related matters must be based on knowledge, but the construction of knowledge must in turn address policy priorities. Because migration is rapidly evolving, knowledge thereof needs to be constantly updated. Given that migration links each individual country with the rest of the world, its study requires innovative cooperation between scholars around the world. The MPC conducts field as well as archival research, both of which are scientifically robust and policy-relevant, not only at European level, but also globally, targeting policy-makers as well as politicians. This research provides tools for addressing migration challenges, by: 1) producing policyoriented research on aspects of migration, asylum and mobility in Europe and in countries located along migration routes to Europe, that are regarded as priorities; 2) bridging research with action by providing policy-makers and other stakeholders with results required by evidence-based policymaking, as well as necessary methodologies that address migration governance needs; 3) pooling scholars, experts, policy makers, and influential thinkers in order to identify problems, research their causes and consequences, and devise policy solutions. The MPC's research includes a core programme and several projects, most of them co-financed by the European Union. Results of the above activities are made available for public consultation through the website of the project: www.migrationpolicycentre.eu
RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, Feb 1, 2007
This paper aims at analysing the characteristics and dynamics of the Chinese business community i... more This paper aims at analysing the characteristics and dynamics of the Chinese business community in Portugal in the context of the growing phenomenon of Chinese migration flows to Portugal and to Europe. By means of original research based on primary data obtained through questionnaires and interviews applied to Chinese entrepreneurs and business associations the paper provides an in-depth analysis of the role that this community plays both as a facilitator of China's integration in the world economy and a potential bridge between the European Union (EU) and China. The study concludes that the Chinese business community in Portugal is rather heterogeneous, dominated by immigrants from Zhejiang province, who operate predominantly in the service sector (retail and wholesale trade), taking advantage of the guanxi network within Europe so as to make use of the advantages of the European single market in order to consolidate competitive advantages. Moreover, this community plays a pro-active role in fostering China's integration in the global economy by acting as windows for the penetration of Chinese exports on the one hand and by capturing and channelling foreign direct investment to China on the other hand.
This article analyses, in the dual context of globalisation and the emergence of the knowledge so... more This article analyses, in the dual context of globalisation and the emergence of the knowledge society, the new strategic role performed by diasporas as significant links in the relationship between the receiving country and the respective country of origin. Diasporas are also seen as strategic factors in the foreign policy of the country of origin and a fundamental instrument of its soft power. The analysis draws on the experience of the Chinese business communities in Portugal, whose members have been functioning as catalysts for the integration of China into the global economy and in the spreading of Chinese culture. They therefore perform three main functions: (i) catalysts of economic flows: entry points for Chinese exports in Portugal; investors and mobilisers of foreign investment in China (ii) sources of economic intelligence, information on business opportunities, characteristics of the markets and the local business culture for the Chinese authorities, and (iii) institutional brokers and agents of the decentralised 'paradiplomacy' of Chinese provincial and local governments. globalisation, knowledge society, Chinese business community in Portugal, cultural diasporas, foreign policy, soft power.
A agua e a base da vida na Terra e talvez o elemento mais caracteristico do Planeta Azul sendo a ... more A agua e a base da vida na Terra e talvez o elemento mais caracteristico do Planeta Azul sendo a sua maioria agua dos oceanos (97,5%) e uma percentagem marginal de agua doce (2,5%). Apesar de a agua doce existir em relativa abundância na natureza e ser suficiente para satisfazer as necessidades de toda a populacao humana, a maioria das reservas nao sao acessiveis as comunidades humanas uma vez que se situam nos glaciares nas calotes polares (67,4%), com a maior reserva na Antartida, e nas aguas subterrâneas (30,1%), representando a agua de superficie e atmosferica apenas 0,4% de toda a agua doce, da qual 2/3 concentrada nos lagos e apenas 1,6% em rios. Ora, por razoes culturais, historicas e tecnicas e precisamente a agua dos rios e a agua da chuva (agua verde) que constituem a fonte mais importante de abastecimento da populacao humana.
International Year Book and Statesmen's Who's Who
O artigo analisa a posicao do Japao no contexto de seguranca da Asia Oriental, tendo em conta as ... more O artigo analisa a posicao do Japao no contexto de seguranca da Asia Oriental, tendo em conta as mudancas no equilibrio de poder na regiao e a crescente assimetria entre uma China poderosa e “musculada” e um Japao mais vulneravel que se debate com uma economia estagnada, uma popu‐ lacao em rapido envelhecimento e uma imagem ambigua e problematica na regiao. A disputa te‐ rritorial sobre as ilhas Senkaku/Diaoyu e uma manifestacao da reorganizacao do poder na ordem regional na medida em que acentua a vulnerabi‐ lidade do Japao e foi usada pela China como um mecanismo para enfraquecer a alianca EUA‐Japao e opor‐se ao plano de expansao do soft power ame‐ ricano na regiao atraves do processo do TPP. Estas mudancas desencadearam uma alteracao funda‐ mental na estrategia de seguranca do Japao no sen‐ tido da sua remilitarizacao e reconstrucao do hard power, por forma a compensar o declinio no seu soft power, atualmente em fase de implementacao pelo Governo de inspiracao nacionalista lidera...
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), 2010
The paper analyses the nature and features of the Knowledge Regions and their emergence in the in... more The paper analyses the nature and features of the Knowledge Regions and their emergence in the international system as strategic players in the process of glocalization, strongly anchored in the creation of dense knowledge networks and the development of an active paradiplomacy which enables the regions to project externally their specific interests and to reinforce their influence in the process of multilevel governance functioning as strategic brokers between the global and the local. In this context the paper discusses the implications of the paradiplomacy of sub-national governments to the foreign policies of central governments and argues that not only paradiplomacy does not present a risk to the coherence of foreign policy but constitutes a major factor for the consolidation of the soft power of states.
JURISMAT nº15, pg.75-122, 2022
Resumo: O conflito armado internacional entre a Federação Russa e a Ucrânia representa uma ameaça... more Resumo: O conflito armado internacional entre a Federação Russa e a Ucrânia representa uma ameaça estrutural não apenas à paz e segurança globais mas aos próprios fundamentos da ordem internacional que vigora desde 1945, envolvendo a sua regulação um complexo cruzamento entre diversas áreas do direito internacional quer na vertente violação das regras quer na vertente de reação à, e consequências da violação. O presente artigo pretende contribuir para a análise dos contornos da actual crise internacional, olhando de forma holística para a regulação do conflito pelo direito internacional e pelas instituições internacionais responsáveis pela sua implementação, procurando identificar as respostas e limitações em termos da contenção da violência organizada e da efectivação das responsabilidades internacionais, assim como estimular a reflexão sobre as possíveis reformas na governança global que terão de ser equacionadas e implementadas no pós-conflito para minimizar os riscos de conflitos armados e garantir uma paz duradoura no sistema internacional. Embora o conflito represente um momento de crise do direito internacional na sequência da violação de princípios estruturantes fundamentais, representa também um catalizador do seu processo de reforma
This article examines the challenges that globalisation poses to States and societies as well as ... more This article examines the challenges that globalisation poses to States and societies as well as the attempted response strategies, in particular the restructuring of external action based on an economic diplomacy approach, which was consolidated in the post-Cold War period with the new relevance given to the geo-economics. A reflection on the reform of Portugal's external action is also developed. The evolution of the conceptual framework demonstrates that economic diplomacy implies a significant innovation and a paradigm shift in external action, based on a holistic approach that articulates the “3Ms” of multidisciplinarity (crossing economic, political and security dimensions), multilevel and multi-actor. The text addresses the case of Portugal, analysing the dynamics of external economic relations in the 2002-2015 period, structural vulnerabilities and the various failed attempts to structure a new approach during the last decade, which was essentially centred on the State a...
Relacoes Internacionais, Jun 1, 2013
Jurismat Revista Jurídica/ Law Review nº 19, 2024
The article looks at the Israel-Palestine conflict and analyses the dynamics of its transformatio... more The article looks at the Israel-Palestine conflict and analyses the dynamics of its transformation over the last two decades using the lenses of the interaction between Lawfare and warfare with a view to contribute to a better understanding of the nature of the interaction, its influence over the development of armed conflicts and interference with its effective regulation. The Israel-Palestine conflict constitutes a vivid example of the persistent violation of International Law but is also a paradigmatic case of the use of Lawfare by both parties to the conflict as a non-military means of Strategy aimed at attaining political objectives as an alternative to warfare.
The recourse to Lawfare has a relevant impact on the present high-level warfare phase initiated on 7.10.2023 with the Hamas terrorist attack, contributing to enhance the levels of violation of IHL and IHRL by both parties and to neutralise/weaken international pressure, thus exacerbating the levels of violence and mass violation of human rights that paved the way to the current humanitarian catastrophe. The inexistence of a right to self-defence of Israel under art. 51 of the Charter, as well as the violation of IHRL and IHL, namely the principles of proportionality and distinction, imply that Israel’s action in Gaza is illegal entailing the international responsibility of the State and the obligation of reparation, namely the compensations for all damages caused in Gaza, as well as non-juridical consequences involving the loss of international reputation that fuels the increasing international isolation of Israel.
The analysis reveals that the relationship between Lawfare and warfare tends to be more complex than the substitution pattern emphasized in the literature, pointing to a diversity of patterns, and concludes that it has an adverse impact of Lawfare on the multidimensional regulation of armed conflicts, both political, legal and social, insofar it reinforces the trend of fragmentation of international law and reinforces the logic of “rule by law” an instrument of power, rather than “rule of law”, a limit to power that challenges concepts of absolute sovereignty, weakening the effectiveness of regulation. On the other hand, this constitutes a considerable obstacle to the revitalisation of the positive peace process which also requires new players, different from the radicals Hamas and Netanyahu’s far-right government, a new international mediation more credible and impartial and a sustained, organised and coordinated pressure from the international public opinion.
Key words: Israel-Palestine conflict; Lawfare; Warfare regulation; Strategy; Human rights
The China Quarterly, Mar 1, 2002
This article delineates the negotiated space of civil autonomy in post-handover Hong Kong through... more This article delineates the negotiated space of civil autonomy in post-handover Hong Kong through the contingent interplay of law, discourse, dramaturgy and politics. It takes the Public Order Ordinance dispute in 2000 as the first major test case of civil conflicts in the shadow of the right of abode struggle. As it unfolded, the event demonstrated both the power and limits of resistance by the people, and the government's increasing will, as well as the strategies it used, to rule within the "law and order" framework under continual challenges. In the event, civil autonomy had been a contested issue involving considerations of rule of law, rights, civic propriety, state legitimacy and the construction of particular identity (such as student-hood). Given the multiplicity of discourses and sub-discourses, citizenship practices and public criticisms opened up a contested space for resistance and negotiation. A campaign of civil disobedience was at first successfully mounted through an ensemble of political and symbolic mechanisms. A turning point was configured when, mediated by a meaning reconstruction process, the government made a series of political and performative acts to re-script the drama, which turned out to be an ironic success for itself that put state-society relations on an increasingly tenuous course. Ultimately ideological differences were at stake: respect for a rights-based discourse of rule of law versus the assertion of political and legal authoritarianism.
Relações internacionais, Dec 1, 2018
The China Quarterly, Dec 1, 1998
Perspectives chinoises, 2002
Santos Neves Miguel, Merle Aurore. Macao et l'Europe : les défis du jeu de la paradiplomatie.... more Santos Neves Miguel, Merle Aurore. Macao et l'Europe : les défis du jeu de la paradiplomatie. In: Perspectives chinoises, n°73, 2002. pp. 60-73
, conducts advanced research on global migration to serve migration governance needs at European ... more , conducts advanced research on global migration to serve migration governance needs at European level, from developing, implementing and monitoring migration-related policies to assessing their impact on the wider economy and society. Rationale Migration represents both an opportunity and a challenge. While well-managed migration may foster progress and welfare in origin-as well as destination countries, its mismanagement may put social cohesion, security and national sovereignty at risk. Sound policy-making on migration and related matters must be based on knowledge, but the construction of knowledge must in turn address policy priorities. Because migration is rapidly evolving, knowledge thereof needs to be constantly updated. Given that migration links each individual country with the rest of the world, its study requires innovative cooperation between scholars around the world. The MPC conducts field as well as archival research, both of which are scientifically robust and policy-relevant, not only at European level, but also globally, targeting policy-makers as well as politicians. This research provides tools for addressing migration challenges, by: 1) producing policyoriented research on aspects of migration, asylum and mobility in Europe and in countries located along migration routes to Europe, that are regarded as priorities; 2) bridging research with action by providing policy-makers and other stakeholders with results required by evidence-based policymaking, as well as necessary methodologies that address migration governance needs; 3) pooling scholars, experts, policy makers, and influential thinkers in order to identify problems, research their causes and consequences, and devise policy solutions. The MPC's research includes a core programme and several projects, most of them co-financed by the European Union. Results of the above activities are made available for public consultation through the website of the project: www.migrationpolicycentre.eu
RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, Feb 1, 2007
This paper aims at analysing the characteristics and dynamics of the Chinese business community i... more This paper aims at analysing the characteristics and dynamics of the Chinese business community in Portugal in the context of the growing phenomenon of Chinese migration flows to Portugal and to Europe. By means of original research based on primary data obtained through questionnaires and interviews applied to Chinese entrepreneurs and business associations the paper provides an in-depth analysis of the role that this community plays both as a facilitator of China's integration in the world economy and a potential bridge between the European Union (EU) and China. The study concludes that the Chinese business community in Portugal is rather heterogeneous, dominated by immigrants from Zhejiang province, who operate predominantly in the service sector (retail and wholesale trade), taking advantage of the guanxi network within Europe so as to make use of the advantages of the European single market in order to consolidate competitive advantages. Moreover, this community plays a pro-active role in fostering China's integration in the global economy by acting as windows for the penetration of Chinese exports on the one hand and by capturing and channelling foreign direct investment to China on the other hand.
This article analyses, in the dual context of globalisation and the emergence of the knowledge so... more This article analyses, in the dual context of globalisation and the emergence of the knowledge society, the new strategic role performed by diasporas as significant links in the relationship between the receiving country and the respective country of origin. Diasporas are also seen as strategic factors in the foreign policy of the country of origin and a fundamental instrument of its soft power. The analysis draws on the experience of the Chinese business communities in Portugal, whose members have been functioning as catalysts for the integration of China into the global economy and in the spreading of Chinese culture. They therefore perform three main functions: (i) catalysts of economic flows: entry points for Chinese exports in Portugal; investors and mobilisers of foreign investment in China (ii) sources of economic intelligence, information on business opportunities, characteristics of the markets and the local business culture for the Chinese authorities, and (iii) institutional brokers and agents of the decentralised 'paradiplomacy' of Chinese provincial and local governments. globalisation, knowledge society, Chinese business community in Portugal, cultural diasporas, foreign policy, soft power.
A agua e a base da vida na Terra e talvez o elemento mais caracteristico do Planeta Azul sendo a ... more A agua e a base da vida na Terra e talvez o elemento mais caracteristico do Planeta Azul sendo a sua maioria agua dos oceanos (97,5%) e uma percentagem marginal de agua doce (2,5%). Apesar de a agua doce existir em relativa abundância na natureza e ser suficiente para satisfazer as necessidades de toda a populacao humana, a maioria das reservas nao sao acessiveis as comunidades humanas uma vez que se situam nos glaciares nas calotes polares (67,4%), com a maior reserva na Antartida, e nas aguas subterrâneas (30,1%), representando a agua de superficie e atmosferica apenas 0,4% de toda a agua doce, da qual 2/3 concentrada nos lagos e apenas 1,6% em rios. Ora, por razoes culturais, historicas e tecnicas e precisamente a agua dos rios e a agua da chuva (agua verde) que constituem a fonte mais importante de abastecimento da populacao humana.
International Year Book and Statesmen's Who's Who
O artigo analisa a posicao do Japao no contexto de seguranca da Asia Oriental, tendo em conta as ... more O artigo analisa a posicao do Japao no contexto de seguranca da Asia Oriental, tendo em conta as mudancas no equilibrio de poder na regiao e a crescente assimetria entre uma China poderosa e “musculada” e um Japao mais vulneravel que se debate com uma economia estagnada, uma popu‐ lacao em rapido envelhecimento e uma imagem ambigua e problematica na regiao. A disputa te‐ rritorial sobre as ilhas Senkaku/Diaoyu e uma manifestacao da reorganizacao do poder na ordem regional na medida em que acentua a vulnerabi‐ lidade do Japao e foi usada pela China como um mecanismo para enfraquecer a alianca EUA‐Japao e opor‐se ao plano de expansao do soft power ame‐ ricano na regiao atraves do processo do TPP. Estas mudancas desencadearam uma alteracao funda‐ mental na estrategia de seguranca do Japao no sen‐ tido da sua remilitarizacao e reconstrucao do hard power, por forma a compensar o declinio no seu soft power, atualmente em fase de implementacao pelo Governo de inspiracao nacionalista lidera...
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), 2010
The paper analyses the nature and features of the Knowledge Regions and their emergence in the in... more The paper analyses the nature and features of the Knowledge Regions and their emergence in the international system as strategic players in the process of glocalization, strongly anchored in the creation of dense knowledge networks and the development of an active paradiplomacy which enables the regions to project externally their specific interests and to reinforce their influence in the process of multilevel governance functioning as strategic brokers between the global and the local. In this context the paper discusses the implications of the paradiplomacy of sub-national governments to the foreign policies of central governments and argues that not only paradiplomacy does not present a risk to the coherence of foreign policy but constitutes a major factor for the consolidation of the soft power of states.
JURISMAT nº15, pg.75-122, 2022
Resumo: O conflito armado internacional entre a Federação Russa e a Ucrânia representa uma ameaça... more Resumo: O conflito armado internacional entre a Federação Russa e a Ucrânia representa uma ameaça estrutural não apenas à paz e segurança globais mas aos próprios fundamentos da ordem internacional que vigora desde 1945, envolvendo a sua regulação um complexo cruzamento entre diversas áreas do direito internacional quer na vertente violação das regras quer na vertente de reação à, e consequências da violação. O presente artigo pretende contribuir para a análise dos contornos da actual crise internacional, olhando de forma holística para a regulação do conflito pelo direito internacional e pelas instituições internacionais responsáveis pela sua implementação, procurando identificar as respostas e limitações em termos da contenção da violência organizada e da efectivação das responsabilidades internacionais, assim como estimular a reflexão sobre as possíveis reformas na governança global que terão de ser equacionadas e implementadas no pós-conflito para minimizar os riscos de conflitos armados e garantir uma paz duradoura no sistema internacional. Embora o conflito represente um momento de crise do direito internacional na sequência da violação de princípios estruturantes fundamentais, representa também um catalizador do seu processo de reforma
This article examines the challenges that globalisation poses to States and societies as well as ... more This article examines the challenges that globalisation poses to States and societies as well as the attempted response strategies, in particular the restructuring of external action based on an economic diplomacy approach, which was consolidated in the post-Cold War period with the new relevance given to the geo-economics. A reflection on the reform of Portugal's external action is also developed. The evolution of the conceptual framework demonstrates that economic diplomacy implies a significant innovation and a paradigm shift in external action, based on a holistic approach that articulates the “3Ms” of multidisciplinarity (crossing economic, political and security dimensions), multilevel and multi-actor. The text addresses the case of Portugal, analysing the dynamics of external economic relations in the 2002-2015 period, structural vulnerabilities and the various failed attempts to structure a new approach during the last decade, which was essentially centred on the State a...
Relacoes Internacionais, Jun 1, 2013
Palgrave Macmillan UK eBooks, 2000
The post-Cold War international system has been characterized by the coexistence and interplay of... more The post-Cold War international system has been characterized by the coexistence and interplay of contradictory centrifugal and centripetal forces both at the political level (where there are manifestations of unipolarity but at the same time the emergence of the PRC as a new global power prepared to challenge in the future the current US monopoly) and at the economic level, where the intensification and acceleration of globalization coexists with the expansion and consolidation of regionalism.
Europe, China and the Two SARs, 2000
Since the days of Marco Polo, China has exerted a fascination for Europeans even if the cultural ... more Since the days of Marco Polo, China has exerted a fascination for Europeans even if the cultural and trade interactions have been both intermittent and variable. But, in the nineteenth century the Sino-European relationship was traumatized not by trade flows or cultural cross-fertilization but by the Europeans also becoming involved in the imperial game of territorial acquisition in China, just as they were to be in other parts of Asia. The British colonial presence in Hong Kong, established as a result of the Chinese defeat in the Opium War, finally came to an end at midnight on 30 June 1997. In a no doubt somewhat similar ceremony at midnight on 19 December 1999, the Portuguese-administered territory of Macau will also revert to China, thereby allowing China to reclaim its two ‘lost’ territories before the new millenium begins. The political symbolism of these two handovers and the recreation of the two territories as SARs within the new China is clear. Although continuity has been proclaimed as the keynote of both these transitions, it is also clear that the complex relationship between China, its two new SARs, and the European powers (not just the former colonial powers but Western Europe as a whole) cannot but be unaffected by these transitions. As the Sino-European relationship approaches the new century, the two SARs are destined to play an important role in both the economic and political dimensions of this new ‘triangular’ relationship.
Palgrave Macmillan UK eBooks, 2000
Europe, China and the Two SARs, 2000
Portugal and China met for the first time in Macau 450 years ago with a basic economic motivation... more Portugal and China met for the first time in Macau 450 years ago with a basic economic motivation: trade. In so doing they became not only pioneers in the development of relations between Europe and Asia but also active players in building the very early foundations of a secular process of globalisation of the world economy which is now entering a crucial phase characterised by profound and rapid qualitative changes. In the 1970s both countries changed almost simultaneously their posture vis-a-vis the international system as they decided to open up to the outside world bringing to an end a long period of international isolation. In 1977 Portugal initiated the negotiation process to join the EC and in 1978 China adopted a far reaching ‘open door policy’; both resulted in the re-emergence of the two countries in the world scene. However, in spite of historical ties and the more open orientation of their foreign policies in recent years, bilateral relations between Portugal and China are characterised by a low level of intensity and a narrow scope, as they are concentrated on the Macau question and restricted to the political sphere. The key argument of this chapter is that Portugal has a Macau policy, basically short-term oriented, but not a China policy. Thus, Portugal’s comparative advantage and potential contribution to strengthening EU-China relations has failed to be translated into real actions in the absence of a national strategy and a structured policy. This chapter attempts on the one hand to characterise the current state of bilateral relations in the economic, political and strategic fields and, on the other, to discuss, from a Portuguese perspective, the opportunities for and constraints on reshaping and deepening Portugal’s
J. Caetano et al. (eds.), New Challenges for the Eurozone Governance,, Springer eBooks, 2021
The chapter contributes to the analysis of the process of human rights and social cohesion erosi... more The chapter contributes to the analysis of the process of human rights
and social cohesion erosion set in motion by austerity programmes in the Eurozone
and to enquire about how this experience influences the current debate on the Eurozone governance reform in the context of COVID-19 crisis. The orthodox neoliberal adjustment policies imposed on several EU countries between 2010 and 2017 exacerbated economic recession, increased inequality and generated an extensive violation of human rights leading to far-reaching political radicalization. This experience has influenced the current debate on Eurozone reform functioning as a negative mirror of ineffective solutions and citizens’ distrust risks, which might contribute to the emergence of new and more adequate solutions. The main argument put forward if that a pragmatic governance reform of the Eurozone likely to be facilitated by a change in Germany’s position, is a necessary but not a sufficient condition to respond effectively to COVID-19 crisis insofar the EU has also to enhance the priority to human rights protection in order to regain citizens’ confidence and interrupt the trend of rising political influence of anti-EU radical parties which constitute one the most significant risks for the EU in the current crisis context.
Keywords Human rights · Austerity policies · Eurozone governance · Political
economy
Macmillan Press , St. Martin's Press eBooks, 2000
Barroso, L et. al (coord.) "Entender a Guerra Hoje: Estratégia, Guerra e Politica," Ed. Guerra e Paz, pp. 139-156, 2024
The chapter analyses the dynamics of interaction and the patterns of relations and cross influenc... more The chapter analyses the dynamics of interaction and the patterns of relations and cross influence between International Law and Strategy in the context of a transition from the classic vision of separation to a more recent approach of interaction and mutual influence paving the way to a three-tier structure entailing areas of autonomy, areas of overlap and coordination and areas of integration. The main argument put forward is that there is a densification of Strategy-International Law relations with a diversity of patterns of relations which include International Law’s function as a contextual conditioning factor of Strategy’s design and implementation, the inclusion of Lawfare as one of the nonmilitary means of strategy and the transformation of International Law as one of the objectives of major powers’ strategies. Particular attention is devoted to a more in-depth analysis of the use of Lawfare in the Israelian-Palestinian conflict where it has been widely used by both parties. However, the most dynamic dimension of relations is the integrative synthesis promoted by primary soft law which tends to work as a catalyst for more convergence and complementarity. Finally, the chapter looks into the future implications of this dynamics for the evolution of both International Law and Strategy.
Key-Words: International Law: Grand Strategy; patterns of relations; Lawfare
Lloyd, Armagan (ed.) Exclusion and Inclusion in International Migration: Power, Resistance and Identity, Transnational Press, London, 2019
The paper addresses the complexity, interlinkages and interchangeability that characterize the Pe... more The paper addresses the complexity, interlinkages and interchangeability that characterize the People on the Move (POM) in its diversity - refugees, asylum seekers, regular/ irregular, forced/voluntary migrants, victims of human trafficking, internally displaced people - in the context of intensification and qualitative changes in human mobility and discusses policy implications. The current regulation of different categories of POM is fragmented and discriminatory involving different international statuses that violate universal human rights standards and induce further discrimination at national and sub-national levels. The main vulnerability factors are related to the role of transnational organized crime, the proliferation of fragile/failed States and the new trends in the profile of the POM, which combined increase the level of risk of multidimensional human rights violations and human insecurity. In order to tackle those risks and effectively protect the POM’s human rights and prevent violations, the gaps and inconsistencies have to be met and the crisis of governance resolved through a more coherent and holistic approach to sustain an effective multi-level governance of human mobility (combining the global, macro-regional, national and local levels) involving more adequate public policies as well as changes in the values and attitudes of local communities. This should ensure a robust, human-rights oriented and long-term regulation of human mobility, looking simultaneously at its impact on countries of origin, transit and destination, based on a single and non-discriminatory status of protection to human movers regardless of their condition.