Dawit G Ayele | University of Maryland Baltimore (original) (raw)

Papers by Dawit G Ayele

Additional file 2. Graphic overview of convergence for model parameters across all fitted quantil... more Additional file 2. Graphic overview of convergence for model parameters across all fitted quantiles, produced from the qrLMM package using the CAPRISA 002 AI Study data.

Additional file 1. R package qrLMM() sample output using CAPRISA 002 Acute Infection Study data a... more Additional file 1. R package qrLMM() sample output using CAPRISA 002 Acute Infection Study data across fitted quantile levels.

, Temesgen T Zewotir and Henry G Mwambi Background: The transmission of malaria is the leading pu... more , Temesgen T Zewotir and Henry G Mwambi Background: The transmission of malaria is the leading public health problem in Ethiopia. From the total area of Ethiopia, more than 75 % is malarious. The aim of this study was to identify socio-economic, geographic and demographic risk factors of malaria based on the rapid diagnosis test (RDT) survey results and produce the prevalence map of the area illustrating variation in malaria risk. Methods: This study accounts for spatial correlation in assessing the effects of socio- economic, demographic and geographic factors on the prevalence of malaria in Ethiopia. A total of 224 clusters of about 25 households each were selected from the Amhara, Oromiya and Southern Nation Nationalities and People’s (SNNP) regions of Ethiopia. A generalized linear mixed model with spatial covariance structure was used to analyse the data where the response variable was the presence or absence of malaria using the RDT. Results: The results showed that households in the SNNP region were found to be at more risk than Amhara and Oromiya regions. Moreover, households which have toilet facilities clean drinking water, and a greater number of rooms and mosquito nets in the rooms, have less chance of having household members testing positive for RDT. Moreover, from this study, it can be suggested that incorporating spatial variability is necessary for understanding and devising the most appropriate strategies to reduce the risk of malaria.

Evidence-based Medicine & Public Health, 2015

African Health Sciences, 2015

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2013

European Journal of Law and Economics, 2010

ABSTRACT The raising trend both in violent and property crime are of major concern in Iran. Using... more ABSTRACT The raising trend both in violent and property crime are of major concern in Iran. Using a panel data modeling (province wide), the paper provides an econometrics assessment of the relationship between crime against properties and violent crimes as functions of deterrent, social, economic and demographic factors in Iran, in the framework of Becker-Ehrlich crime supply theory. The findings indicate that, although deterrence hypothesis is not confirmed for burglary and assault, it explains the variations of murders and threats. Economic factors play key role in burglary and threat explanation, but they do not affect willful murders, however, Literacy explains both murders and threats. Average of families’ income is explored as a deterrent factor for crime against properties. KeywordsEconomics of crime–Deterrence hypothesis–Social determinant of crime

Annals of Tropical Paediatrics, 2011

BMC Pediatrics, 2021

Background Globally, acute respiratory infection (ARI) is a leading cause of infant and childhood... more Background Globally, acute respiratory infection (ARI) is a leading cause of infant and childhood morbidity and mortality. Currently, it is estimated that 50 million cases of childhood ARI are untreated. In this study, we identified determinants of the type of treatment sought for symptoms of childhood acute respiratory infection (ARI), including non-treatment, amongst a nationally representative sample of children under five years in Ghana. Methods In total, 1 544 children were studied by a secondary analysis of pooled survey data from the 1993, 1998, 2003, 2008, and 2014 Ghana Demographic and Health Surveys (GDHS). Cross-tabulations, chi-square, multinomial logistic regression, and Bayesian hierarchical spatial logistic regression analyses were used to identify relationships between the type of treatment sought and maternal socio-economic and household characteristics. Results Seeking medical care was significantly associated with child age (RRR= 1.928, 95 % CI 1.276 – 2.915), mat...

BMC Infectious Diseases, 2022

Background The CD4 cell count signifies the health of an individual’s immune system. The use of d... more Background The CD4 cell count signifies the health of an individual’s immune system. The use of data-driven models enables clinicians to accurately interpret potential information, examine the progression of CD4 count, and deal with patient heterogeneity due to patient-specific effects. Quantile-based regression models can be used to illustrate the entire conditional distribution of an outcome and identify various covariates effects at the respective location. Methods This study uses the quantile mixed-effects model that assumes an asymmetric Laplace distribution for the error term. The model also incorporated multiple random effects to consider the correlation among observations. The exact maximum likelihood estimation was implemented using the Stochastic Approximation of the Expectation–Maximization algorithm to estimate the parameters. This study used the Centre of the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA) 002 Acute Infection Study data. In this study, the response...

Abstract: The objective of this study was to demonstrate the use of the Rasch model by assessing ... more Abstract: The objective of this study was to demonstrate the use of the Rasch model by assessing the appropriateness of the demographic, social-economic and geographic factors in providing a total score in malaria RDT in accordance with the model’s expectations. The baseline malaria indicator survey was conducted in Amhara, Oromiya and Southern Nation Nationalities and People (SNNP) regions of Ethiopia by The Carter Center in 2007. The result shows high reliability and little disordering of thresholds with no evidence of differential item functioning.

International Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences, 2013

This study evaluates the effects of socio-economic, demographic and geographic indicators on the ... more This study evaluates the effects of socio-economic, demographic and geographic indicators on the malaria rapid diagnosis test (RDT), using the baseline malaria indicator survey of 2007. This survey covered the Amhara, Oromiya and Southern Nations, Nationalities, and People’s Region (SNNPR) of Ethiopia. A total of 224 clusters of, on average, 25 households each were selected. In total, 28,994 individuals participated in the survey. A generalized linear mixed model was used to analyze the data where the response variable was the presence or absence of malaria using the RDT. The results showed that for households with toilet facilities, clean drinking water and more living space, the chances of testing positive for malaria RDT decreased. Moreover, using malaria nets and spraying the house walls with anti-mosquito were found to be effective control measures. Key words: Cluster sampling, interaction effect, mixed model, odds ratio, rapid diagnostic test.

Occupational health southern Africa, 2014

Background : More than two thirds of the total population of Ethiopia is estimated to be at risk ... more Background : More than two thirds of the total population of Ethiopia is estimated to be at risk of malaria. Malaria is the leading public health problem in Ethiopia. Objective : To investigate the determinants of a positive malaria Rapid Diagnosis Test (RDT) result, use of mosquito nets and use of indoor residual spray, as well as the associations between these and other factors. Methods : Data obtained from a baseline household cluster malaria survey, conducted from December 2006 to January 2007, were analysed. In the survey, a total of 224 clusters, comprising around 25 households each, were selected from the Amhara, Oromiya and Southern Nation Nationalities and People (SNNP) regions of Ethiopia. A multivariate generalized mixed random effects approach was used to jointly analyse the data. Results : The probability of a positive malaria RDT result decreased with use of mosquito nets and use of indoor residual spray. Overall, associations between a positive malaria RDT result and ...

This paper aims at determining the socioeconomic and demographic determinants related to Body Mas... more This paper aims at determining the socioeconomic and demographic determinants related to Body Mass Index (BMI) for children under-five years in Sudan. This study uses the Sudan Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) conducted in the year 2014. The survey was conducted by the Central Bureau of Statistics in cooperation with several national institutions. The objective of the study is to identify the factors of BMI for under-five children. The multinomial logistic regression model was adopted. Results revealed that the prevalence of underweight for infant’s under-five years was 86.3% for females and 85.3% for males, the proportion of the normal weight of infants under-five years of age for males is slightly higher than that of females; there is correlation amid geographic determinants; state, and BMI status. Also, there was a significant association between mother’s education and body mass index status and the wealth index and body mass index status. The variables place of residence...

Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology

Journal of Human Ecology

Abstract The main objective of this paper was to identify the risk factors of malnutrition among ... more Abstract The main objective of this paper was to identify the risk factors of malnutrition among children under five years in Rwanda and produce the maps of prevalence of joint distribution of stunting, underweight and wasting. Each of these anthropometric indicators is categorized as malnourished (z-score <-2.0) and nourished (zscore >-20). The spatial multivariate generalized linear mixed model is used to simultaneously identify the spatial distribution of risk factors of malnutrition of the children under five years. The 2010 Rwanda Demographic and Health Survey data was used in the analysis. The paper revealed that the age of child, birth order, gender of child, birth weight, fever, mother’s education level, mother’s age at the birth, body mass index, mother’s knowledge on nutrition, anemia, province, source of drinking water, multiple birth, and wealth index have significant effects on malnutrition status of the children under five years of age in Rwanda.