Pavol Pivovarniček | University Matej Bel, Banska Bystrica (original) (raw)

Papers by Pavol Pivovarniček

Biological Rhythm Research, 2021

The aim of this study was to compare the effect of morning and evening movement intervention on t... more The aim of this study was to compare the effect of morning and evening movement intervention on the following indicators of body composition: ratio (extracellular mass/body cell mass [ECM/BCM]), phase angle (PA), muscle mass (MM), and percentage of total body fat mass (FM%) in university female students with neutral chronotype who perform exercise in the morning (morning group [MG], n = 25, or evening (evening group [EG], n = 26). Statistical analysis did not show significant differences between the MG and EG: ECM/BCM, MGPRE-POST -0.001 ± 0.10 vs. EGPRE-POST -0.03 ± 0.07, t = -1.121, p > 0.05, d = 0.16; PA, MGPRE-POST 0.18 ± 0.29 vs. EGPRE-POST -0.28 ± 0.31, t = 1.201, p > 0.05, d = 0.17; MM, MGPRE-POST 0.3 ± 1.2 vs. EGPRE-POST 0.4 ± 1.0, t = 0.081, p > 0.05, d = 0.01; FM%, MGPRE-POST -0.04 ± 1.5 vs. EGPRE-POST -0.2 ± 1.3, t = -0.307, p > 0.05, d = 0.04. Results did not show significant difference in effect (p > 0.05) of morning and evening intervention on changes in body composition in the selected population.

Physical Activity Review, 2023

Introduction: The aim of the study was to compare the effectiveness of unilateral and bilateral t... more Introduction: The aim of the study was to compare the effectiveness of unilateral and bilateral training program on changes in the level of speed and speed-strength abilities. Methods: Experimental group 1 (EG1) consisted of 8 young athletes (age = 12.76±1.55 years) and experimental group 2 (EG2) consisted of 8 athletes (age = 12.51±1.59 years) who regularly participate in the training process at a frequency of three times a week. All of our athletes had more than 4 years experiences with regular athletic training 3 times per week prior to this study. During a period of 8 weeks in the preparatory period, such exercises were applied which were performed unilaterally in EG1 and bilaterally in EG2. To determine the effectiveness of takeoff training on change in the level of speed and speed-strength abilities, the following tests were performed: relative strength index (RSI), squat jump (SJ), countermovement jump (CMJ), standing long jump (SLJ), 20 m run from standing start. Results: We found out that in the posttest, the athletes of both groups achieved an improvement in the explosive strength of the lower extremities as well as in the acceleration speed. A significant improvement (p<0.05) was recorded in EG1 in SLJ and in EG2 in RSI. The effect size coefficients showed a large effect in RSI in EG2 and in SLJ in EG1. Conclusion: The results clearly did not confirm a higher effect of the unilateral program in comparison with the bilateral program, but indicated a higher efficiency, especially in the takeoff explosiveness of athletes with a unilateral training program.

Physical Activity Review, 2023

Introduction: The aim of the study was to compare the impact of 6 weeks plyometric intervention t... more Introduction: The aim of the study was to compare the impact of 6 weeks plyometric intervention training (PIT) and speed intervention training (SIT) on the stimulation of speed abilities (indicators) of soccer players. Methods: Research group was uniformly divided to experimental sample 1 (n=7, graduated PIT) and experimental sample 2 (n=7, graduated SIT). The indicators of linear running speed were measured by 5m, 10m, 30m sprinting. 5-10-5 test was used to measure indicators of running speed with changes of direction, where the following have been recorded: (5-0-5L) 5m left side sprint from the start, change of direction, 5m sprint (5-0-5L); 5m sprint from the start, change of direction, 10m sprint, change of direction and 5m left side sprint to the finish (5-10-5L); 5m right side sprint from the start, change of direction, 5m sprint (5-0-5R); 5m sprint from the start, change of direction, 10m sprint, change of direction and 5m right side sprint to the finish (5-10-5R). Results: Intergroup comparisons of pretest-posttest (PRE-POST) differences between PIT and SIT have not revealed significant difference (p>0.05) in any of the speed indicators tests. In two indicators of linear speed, we observed PRE-POST differences with a medium effect in favour of SIT (5m; 10m) in one indicator (30m) in favour of PIT. In two indicators of speed with changes of direction PRE-POST differences with a large effect (5-10-5L; 5-0-5R) have been noted in favour of SIT. In two other indicators (5-0-5L; 5-10-5R) PRE-POST differences between PIT and SIT have been noted without any difference effect. Conclusion: The results of the pilot study revealed a positive effect of both PIT and SIT on the stimulation of the speed abilities of soccer players and indicate tendencies in favour of SIT, which is needed to be verified with larger research samples.

Biological Rhythm Research, 2023

The aim of study was to identify the relationships between the circadian preference and diurnal t... more The aim of study was to identify the relationships between the circadian preference and diurnal training times of elite volleyball players (n = 78). The Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) was used to identify circadian preference, resulting in a point score. Diurnal training times were divided: morning training time (MTT), intermediate training time (ITT) and evening training time (ETT). One-way ANOVA showed a relationship between circadian preference and diurnal training time documented by point score differences in the MEQ between MTT, ITT and ETT (p < 0.01). A higher (p < 0.01) point score value in the MEQ was recorded in the MTT compared to the ETT. No difference was found between MTT and ITT and ITT and ETT (p > 0.05). The results of the study show the importance of the relationship between circadian preference and typical training times during the day. The influence of training time on the development of circadian preference will need to be verified experimentally.

Physical Activity Review, 2022

Introduction: The aim of the pilot study was an effect comparison of stretching between foam roll... more Introduction: The aim of the pilot study was an effect comparison of stretching between foam rolling and dynamic stretching on performance in motion tests by young volleyball players. Methods: 1. Experimental sample – ESFR (n=8, age = 13.4±0.5 years, height = 173.8±7.7 cm, weight = 59.8±7.1 kg) absolved 6 measurements of indicators of stretching with foam rolling during 6 weeks. 2. Experimental sample – ESDS (n=8, age = 13.4±0.5 years, height = 174.5±9.5 cm, weight = 59.4±11.0 kg) absolved dynamic stretching. We had determined the stretching effect between ESFR and ESDS by comparison of performance in tests: spike jump (SS), block jump (BS) E-test (ET), run to cones (RC), throw with 1 kg ball (H2), sit and reach test (SR) and sit-ups (SU). Results: The most important determination was that better level of stretching presented in performance and it was determined in RC in two examples with medium effect and in three examples with large effect in behalf of ESFR. By contrast, one example from ESDS in parameter PS had better level of stretching with medium effect and one example with medium effect in H2. In other parameters (BS, SS, SU and ET) were the differences only small or none between ESFR and ESDS. Conclusion: The results of the pilot study indicate that using of foam rolling and dynamic stretching can have different influence on the level of stretching and preparation of young volleyball players. These results must be verified on larger experimental sample.

Chronobiology International, 2021

Chronotype refer to individuals’ time-of-day preferences for activities, which can be classified ... more Chronotype refer to individuals’ time-of-day preferences for activities, which can be classified as “morning types = (M-types)”, “evening types = (E-types)”, and “neither types (N-types)”. The primary aim of this study was to compare the chronotype distribution of Czech First League (1L) and Czech National Football League (2L) male elite football players, which was divided into two secondary aims: (i) statistically identify and compare the number (presence) of particular chronotypes in 1L, and (ii) statistically identify and compare the number (presence) of particular chronotypes in 2L. The present cross-sectional study employed a self-reported standardized questionnaire, the Composite Scale of Morningness, to study the chronotype distribution among the male elite football players. The chronotype distribution of 139 (85 from 1L with mean age ± S.D. = 25.5 ± 3.7 years and 54 from 2L age = 24.4 ± 4.5 years) players was assessed. Overall, 61 (71.8%) of the participants from 1L were mainly N-types, followed by M- and E-types. Similarly, 40 (74.1%) participants from 2L were mainly N-types, followed by M- and E-types. The statistical analysis of the 1L players showed a significantly higher presence of N-types compared to M- and E-types (χ2(2) = 57.62, p < .05, V = .58). The same results were detected in 2L, where the N-type was identified in the majority of football players (χ2(2) = 57.62, p < .05, V = .58). The statistical comparison of the number of presented chronotypes did not show a significant difference (F = 3.29, p > .05, V = .16) between players of the 1L and 2L. Thus, N-types are dominant among Czech elite football players, and the chronotype distribution of male elite football players from the Czech First League and the Czech National Football League does not vary.

The aim of the study was to analyse a level of running speed in 50 meters of soccer players in Sl... more The aim of the study was to analyse a level of running speed in 50 meters of soccer players in Slovak national under-21 soccer team (n = 20, goalkeepers = 2, defenders = 4, midfielders = 8, forwards = 6) in the period of classification for the UEFA European Under-21 Football Championship 2011. The level of running speed was diagnosed with the device Fitro Light Gates (FiTRONIC, Bratislava, Slovak Republic). The criteria for the performance assessment was the time obtained in the distance of 50m with the exactness of 0,01s. Differences in the level of running speed were recognised and defined by the subject analysis. The level of running speed of the whole group was presented by the average performance with the figure 6.80±0.13s. The level of running speed of defenders was transformed into the performance 6.90±0.07s, midfielders 6.75±0.12s and forwards 6.73±0.28s, what is adequate to the level of performance and running speed of the whole group. The significantly low level of running...

Sportlogia, 2013

The aim of the study was to analyse a level of sprint abilities, jump abilities and intermittent ... more The aim of the study was to analyse a level of sprint abilities, jump abilities and intermittent endurance of playing groups divided according to playing positions (goalkeepers, defenders, midfielders, forwards) from Slovak national under-21 soccer team (N=18, goalkeepers n=2, defenders n=4, midfielders n=7, forwards n=5) in time of qualification for the UEFA European Under-21 Football Championship 2011. The level of sprint abilities was diagnosed with the device Fitro Light Gates (FiTRONIC, Bratislava, The Slovak Republic). The criterion for the level assessment was the time obtained in the distance of 10m with the exactness of 0.01s. The level of jump abilities was diagnosed with the device FiTRO Jumper (FiTRONIC, Bratislava, The Slovak Republic). The criterion for the level assessment was the jump height in centimeter (cm) with the exactness of 0.1cm. Intermittent endurance was diagnosed with Yo-Yo Intermittent recovery test, level 2. The criterion for the evaluation was total overcame distance in the test in metres (m). Differences in the level of sprint abilities, jump abilities and intermittent endurance were recognised and defined with the special subject analysis. The level of sprint abilities of the whole group was presented with the average performance with the value 2.21±0.08 s, the level of jump abilities with the average performance with the value 39.0±4.2 cm and the level of intermittent endurance with the average value 1283±294 m, what means VO 2 max. kg-1 = 62.7±4.0 ml.kg-1 min-1. We have not found out with special subject analysis any significant differences in monitored parameters between groups divided according to playing positions. The significantly lower level was observed only in the level of sprint abilities and intermittent endurance of goalkeepers.

The aim of the study is to compare the impact of static and dynamic stretching on performance in ... more The aim of the study is to compare the impact of static and dynamic stretching on performance in terms of speed and speed-strength abilities. The studied subject was a group of professional ice hockey players (n = 12, goalkeeper = 1, defenders = 3, centres = 8, age = 22.9±3.4 years, height = 184.8±7.4 cm, weight = 86.2±7.6 kg) playing in the highest-level ice hockey competition in the 2011/2012 year of competition. The impact of static and dynamic stretching was determined via speed and speed-strength ability indicators (lower limb frequency velocity, lower limb explosive and dynamic strength). The average result of the players in terms of lower limb frequency velocity after static stretching was 69.7±2.9 taps, whereas after dynamic stretching we obtained 73.4±4.2 taps; There is therefore, an important difference between them (t = 4.031, p<0.05; d = 1.15 – large effect). In terms of the lower limb explosive strength, the average result after static performance was 41.1±3.8 cm in ...

Biological Rhythm Research

Journal of physical education and sport, 2015

IntroductionModern trends of present professional soccer become evident mainly in dynamics and co... more IntroductionModern trends of present professional soccer become evident mainly in dynamics and constant increase in playing speed which is especially presented by limiting jump abilities. We agree with the authors Psotta et al. (2006) who state that the biggest changes in soccer in last years were made especially in condition figures which regard to speed-force assumptions in playing performance. The condition according to Bunc (1999) presents 3040% of playing performance in soccer. According to Reilly (1997), Psotta et al. (2006), Orendurff et al. (2010), soccer is intermittent movement activity which contains very short, usually 1 to 5 seconds continuing intervals of endurance with high to maximum intensity, which alternate with intervals of endurance with lower intensity or inaction lasting from 5 to 10 seconds. Bangsbo, Mohr & Krustrup (2006), Bangsbo, Iaia & Krustrup (2007) state by professional players 150 to 250 short intensive activities in a match. Hipp (2007) declares that...

FIEP Bulletin On-line, 2013

This contribution deals with the level of general physical performance of 7 years old pupils atte... more This contribution deals with the level of general physical performance of 7 years old pupils attending primary schools. Firstgrade pupils at primary schools in Banska Bystrica were tested. Tested group consisted of pupils from all primary schools. The following indicators of general physical performance were monitored: sit-and-reach, standing long jump, sit-ups in 30 s, flexed arm hang, shuttle run 4x10 meters, endurance shuttle run. Also basic somatic indicators such as body height, body weight and BMI were found out. However, we monitored an after-school physical activity as well. The results are compared to other authors dealing with the general physical performance of mentioned age group. Acknowledgment: This contribution was written with the support of grant project VE GA 1/1158/12.

Journal of physical education and sport, 2018

The aim of the study was to compare the effects of static (StatS) and dynamic stretching (DynS) o... more The aim of the study was to compare the effects of static (StatS) and dynamic stretching (DynS) on forcevelocity tasks (spike jump – SJ, block jump – BJ, 1 kg ball throw – THW) of young volleyball players (n = 10, age = 15.4±0.5 years, height = 177.5±4.7 cm, weight = 61.0±5.7 kg) during their competition period. The statistical analysis did not show any significant differences (t = -0.074, p > 0.05, d = 0.02) when measuring the SJ height after the StatS warm-up (58.3±10.0 cm) and after the DynS warm-up (58.9±10.1 cm). No significant differences were observed with the BS height (t = -0.214, p > 0.05, d = 0.05) – StatS warm-up (42.3±9.2 cm) and DynS warm-up (43.1±9.3 cm). The THW indicator came up similar (t = 0.164, p > 0.05, d = 0.04), StatS warmup 12.2±3.2 cm, DynS warm-up 13.0±2.9 cm.

Original scientific paper The aim of the paper was to compare the influence of three different al... more Original scientific paper The aim of the paper was to compare the influence of three different alternatives of hypoxic training (a training in higher altitude – HA, an intermittent hypoxic training – IHT, and a hypoxic tent – HT). The research was executed on 10 athletes who all took part in higher altitude training and an intermittent hypoxic training. Four of the athletes from this sample took part in a training (a sleep) in a hypoxic tent. All the three alternatives lasted for approximately three weeks. In haematological indicators the number of erythrocytes, haemoglobin and hematocrit in HA and IHT increased from 3% to 4.9%. A more significant increase (25.3%, resp. 26.2%) was measured in reticulocytes. In HT we measured the increase of reticulocytes in 17.9%; however in the remaining indicators we observed even smaller increase, namely 0.7 – 2.3%. From the point of spiroergometric indicators we observed the most significant increase in the VO 2 max.kg-1 at ANT where we measured...

Kolektiv přednich autorů nabizi bohatou paletu domacich i zahranicnich teoretických poznatků z ob... more Kolektiv přednich autorů nabizi bohatou paletu domacich i zahranicnich teoretických poznatků z oblasti chronobiologie a vlivu biorytmů na tělesný, pohybový a psychický stav clověka. Zaroveň autoři doplňuji a poukazuji na chronobiologicke přistupy, aplikace a metody zjisťovani vlivu biorytmů na sportovni výkonnost a jejich využiti v praxi ve vztahu k prevenci a zdravi clověka. Monografie je urcena sirokemu okruhu odborniků předevsim z oblasti sportu. Klade důraz na chronobiologicke přistupy nejen v teorii ale předevsim v implementaci těchto poznatků do sportovni praxe.

International Journal of Sports Science, 2014

This The aim of the study was to analyse and compare the actual level of sprint ability in 10m, 3... more This The aim of the study was to analyse and compare the actual level of sprint ability in 10m, 30m and 50m from the point of view of playing positions of Slovak national under-21 football players U21 (N = 20, goalkeepers = 2, defenders = 4, midfielders = 8, forwards = 6) in time of qualification for European Under-21 Football Championship 2011. The level of sprint ability was measured with the device Fitro Light Gates (FiTRONIC, Bratislava, the Slovak Republic). The criterion of evaluation of the performance level was achieved time in distance of 10m, 30m and 50m from start from rest with accuracy 0.01s. Distance 10m, 30m and 50m was measured within one run. Differences in the level of sprint ability were determinated with special subject analysis. The level of sprint ability of the whole group in distance 10m was presented by average running time with the value 2.20±0.09s, in distance 30m with the value 4.59±0.09s and in 50m with the value 6.80±0.13s. In all measured sections (10m...

Cieľom studie bolo analyzovať aktualnu uroveň akceleracnej rýchlosti futbalových reprezentantov S... more Cieľom studie bolo analyzovať aktualnu uroveň akceleracnej rýchlosti futbalových reprezentantov Slovenskej republiky kategorie U21 (n = 20, brankari = 2, obrancovia = 4, stredovi hraci = 8, utocnici = 6) v obdobi kvalifikacie na Majstrovstva Europy U21 2011 vo futbale. Uroveň akceleracnej rýchlosti bola diagnostikovana zariadenim FiTRONIC – Fitro Light Gates. Kriteriom hodnotenia urovne bol dosiahnutý cas na vzdialenosť 30 m s presnosťou 0,01 s. Rozdiely v urovni akceleracnej rýchlosti boli zisťovane a definovane expertiznou vecnou analýzou. Uroveň akceleracnej rýchlosti suboru bola prezentovana priemernou výkonnosťou s hodnotou 4,59±0,09 s. Uroveň akceleracnej rýchlosti obrancov bola transformovana do priemernej výkonnosti 4,67±0,07 s, stredových hracov 4,56±0,10 s a utocnikov 4,54±0,19 s, co je primerane k urovni výkonnosti a akceleracnej rýchlosti celeho suboru. U brankarov vsak bola zistena vecne významne nižsia uroveň akceleracnej rýchlosti prezentovanej priemernou hodnotou 4,7...

Study’s objective was to find out the effect of the training programme on the development of spee... more Study’s objective was to find out the effect of the training programme on the development of speed, explosiveness and agility through selected tests.The programme focused on the development of different types of speed and agility and was applied to a group of 10 female playersof Premier League basketball team BDŽ ŠK UMB Banska Bystrica in Slovakia.The average age of the group was 20.4±2.2 years, the average body height was 170.3±7.7 cm and the average body weight was 64±6.9 kg.Fitro Agility Check Desk Test was the test of reaction rate in which a statistically and substantively significant difference was observed during the experimental period (T = 0, n = 10, p < 0.05, r = 0.63 large effect).Similar situation was observed in the 5 metres linear acceleration running (t = 4.457, n = 10,p < 0.05, d = 1.41 large effect) and in the 10 metres linear acceleration running (t = 5.775, n = 10, p < 0.05,d = 1.83 large effect), where the significant improvement was identified.We observ...

Biological Rhythm Research, 2021

The aim of this study was to compare the effect of morning and evening movement intervention on t... more The aim of this study was to compare the effect of morning and evening movement intervention on the following indicators of body composition: ratio (extracellular mass/body cell mass [ECM/BCM]), phase angle (PA), muscle mass (MM), and percentage of total body fat mass (FM%) in university female students with neutral chronotype who perform exercise in the morning (morning group [MG], n = 25, or evening (evening group [EG], n = 26). Statistical analysis did not show significant differences between the MG and EG: ECM/BCM, MGPRE-POST -0.001 ± 0.10 vs. EGPRE-POST -0.03 ± 0.07, t = -1.121, p > 0.05, d = 0.16; PA, MGPRE-POST 0.18 ± 0.29 vs. EGPRE-POST -0.28 ± 0.31, t = 1.201, p > 0.05, d = 0.17; MM, MGPRE-POST 0.3 ± 1.2 vs. EGPRE-POST 0.4 ± 1.0, t = 0.081, p > 0.05, d = 0.01; FM%, MGPRE-POST -0.04 ± 1.5 vs. EGPRE-POST -0.2 ± 1.3, t = -0.307, p > 0.05, d = 0.04. Results did not show significant difference in effect (p > 0.05) of morning and evening intervention on changes in body composition in the selected population.

Physical Activity Review, 2023

Introduction: The aim of the study was to compare the effectiveness of unilateral and bilateral t... more Introduction: The aim of the study was to compare the effectiveness of unilateral and bilateral training program on changes in the level of speed and speed-strength abilities. Methods: Experimental group 1 (EG1) consisted of 8 young athletes (age = 12.76±1.55 years) and experimental group 2 (EG2) consisted of 8 athletes (age = 12.51±1.59 years) who regularly participate in the training process at a frequency of three times a week. All of our athletes had more than 4 years experiences with regular athletic training 3 times per week prior to this study. During a period of 8 weeks in the preparatory period, such exercises were applied which were performed unilaterally in EG1 and bilaterally in EG2. To determine the effectiveness of takeoff training on change in the level of speed and speed-strength abilities, the following tests were performed: relative strength index (RSI), squat jump (SJ), countermovement jump (CMJ), standing long jump (SLJ), 20 m run from standing start. Results: We found out that in the posttest, the athletes of both groups achieved an improvement in the explosive strength of the lower extremities as well as in the acceleration speed. A significant improvement (p<0.05) was recorded in EG1 in SLJ and in EG2 in RSI. The effect size coefficients showed a large effect in RSI in EG2 and in SLJ in EG1. Conclusion: The results clearly did not confirm a higher effect of the unilateral program in comparison with the bilateral program, but indicated a higher efficiency, especially in the takeoff explosiveness of athletes with a unilateral training program.

Physical Activity Review, 2023

Introduction: The aim of the study was to compare the impact of 6 weeks plyometric intervention t... more Introduction: The aim of the study was to compare the impact of 6 weeks plyometric intervention training (PIT) and speed intervention training (SIT) on the stimulation of speed abilities (indicators) of soccer players. Methods: Research group was uniformly divided to experimental sample 1 (n=7, graduated PIT) and experimental sample 2 (n=7, graduated SIT). The indicators of linear running speed were measured by 5m, 10m, 30m sprinting. 5-10-5 test was used to measure indicators of running speed with changes of direction, where the following have been recorded: (5-0-5L) 5m left side sprint from the start, change of direction, 5m sprint (5-0-5L); 5m sprint from the start, change of direction, 10m sprint, change of direction and 5m left side sprint to the finish (5-10-5L); 5m right side sprint from the start, change of direction, 5m sprint (5-0-5R); 5m sprint from the start, change of direction, 10m sprint, change of direction and 5m right side sprint to the finish (5-10-5R). Results: Intergroup comparisons of pretest-posttest (PRE-POST) differences between PIT and SIT have not revealed significant difference (p>0.05) in any of the speed indicators tests. In two indicators of linear speed, we observed PRE-POST differences with a medium effect in favour of SIT (5m; 10m) in one indicator (30m) in favour of PIT. In two indicators of speed with changes of direction PRE-POST differences with a large effect (5-10-5L; 5-0-5R) have been noted in favour of SIT. In two other indicators (5-0-5L; 5-10-5R) PRE-POST differences between PIT and SIT have been noted without any difference effect. Conclusion: The results of the pilot study revealed a positive effect of both PIT and SIT on the stimulation of the speed abilities of soccer players and indicate tendencies in favour of SIT, which is needed to be verified with larger research samples.

Biological Rhythm Research, 2023

The aim of study was to identify the relationships between the circadian preference and diurnal t... more The aim of study was to identify the relationships between the circadian preference and diurnal training times of elite volleyball players (n = 78). The Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) was used to identify circadian preference, resulting in a point score. Diurnal training times were divided: morning training time (MTT), intermediate training time (ITT) and evening training time (ETT). One-way ANOVA showed a relationship between circadian preference and diurnal training time documented by point score differences in the MEQ between MTT, ITT and ETT (p < 0.01). A higher (p < 0.01) point score value in the MEQ was recorded in the MTT compared to the ETT. No difference was found between MTT and ITT and ITT and ETT (p > 0.05). The results of the study show the importance of the relationship between circadian preference and typical training times during the day. The influence of training time on the development of circadian preference will need to be verified experimentally.

Physical Activity Review, 2022

Introduction: The aim of the pilot study was an effect comparison of stretching between foam roll... more Introduction: The aim of the pilot study was an effect comparison of stretching between foam rolling and dynamic stretching on performance in motion tests by young volleyball players. Methods: 1. Experimental sample – ESFR (n=8, age = 13.4±0.5 years, height = 173.8±7.7 cm, weight = 59.8±7.1 kg) absolved 6 measurements of indicators of stretching with foam rolling during 6 weeks. 2. Experimental sample – ESDS (n=8, age = 13.4±0.5 years, height = 174.5±9.5 cm, weight = 59.4±11.0 kg) absolved dynamic stretching. We had determined the stretching effect between ESFR and ESDS by comparison of performance in tests: spike jump (SS), block jump (BS) E-test (ET), run to cones (RC), throw with 1 kg ball (H2), sit and reach test (SR) and sit-ups (SU). Results: The most important determination was that better level of stretching presented in performance and it was determined in RC in two examples with medium effect and in three examples with large effect in behalf of ESFR. By contrast, one example from ESDS in parameter PS had better level of stretching with medium effect and one example with medium effect in H2. In other parameters (BS, SS, SU and ET) were the differences only small or none between ESFR and ESDS. Conclusion: The results of the pilot study indicate that using of foam rolling and dynamic stretching can have different influence on the level of stretching and preparation of young volleyball players. These results must be verified on larger experimental sample.

Chronobiology International, 2021

Chronotype refer to individuals’ time-of-day preferences for activities, which can be classified ... more Chronotype refer to individuals’ time-of-day preferences for activities, which can be classified as “morning types = (M-types)”, “evening types = (E-types)”, and “neither types (N-types)”. The primary aim of this study was to compare the chronotype distribution of Czech First League (1L) and Czech National Football League (2L) male elite football players, which was divided into two secondary aims: (i) statistically identify and compare the number (presence) of particular chronotypes in 1L, and (ii) statistically identify and compare the number (presence) of particular chronotypes in 2L. The present cross-sectional study employed a self-reported standardized questionnaire, the Composite Scale of Morningness, to study the chronotype distribution among the male elite football players. The chronotype distribution of 139 (85 from 1L with mean age ± S.D. = 25.5 ± 3.7 years and 54 from 2L age = 24.4 ± 4.5 years) players was assessed. Overall, 61 (71.8%) of the participants from 1L were mainly N-types, followed by M- and E-types. Similarly, 40 (74.1%) participants from 2L were mainly N-types, followed by M- and E-types. The statistical analysis of the 1L players showed a significantly higher presence of N-types compared to M- and E-types (χ2(2) = 57.62, p < .05, V = .58). The same results were detected in 2L, where the N-type was identified in the majority of football players (χ2(2) = 57.62, p < .05, V = .58). The statistical comparison of the number of presented chronotypes did not show a significant difference (F = 3.29, p > .05, V = .16) between players of the 1L and 2L. Thus, N-types are dominant among Czech elite football players, and the chronotype distribution of male elite football players from the Czech First League and the Czech National Football League does not vary.

The aim of the study was to analyse a level of running speed in 50 meters of soccer players in Sl... more The aim of the study was to analyse a level of running speed in 50 meters of soccer players in Slovak national under-21 soccer team (n = 20, goalkeepers = 2, defenders = 4, midfielders = 8, forwards = 6) in the period of classification for the UEFA European Under-21 Football Championship 2011. The level of running speed was diagnosed with the device Fitro Light Gates (FiTRONIC, Bratislava, Slovak Republic). The criteria for the performance assessment was the time obtained in the distance of 50m with the exactness of 0,01s. Differences in the level of running speed were recognised and defined by the subject analysis. The level of running speed of the whole group was presented by the average performance with the figure 6.80±0.13s. The level of running speed of defenders was transformed into the performance 6.90±0.07s, midfielders 6.75±0.12s and forwards 6.73±0.28s, what is adequate to the level of performance and running speed of the whole group. The significantly low level of running...

Sportlogia, 2013

The aim of the study was to analyse a level of sprint abilities, jump abilities and intermittent ... more The aim of the study was to analyse a level of sprint abilities, jump abilities and intermittent endurance of playing groups divided according to playing positions (goalkeepers, defenders, midfielders, forwards) from Slovak national under-21 soccer team (N=18, goalkeepers n=2, defenders n=4, midfielders n=7, forwards n=5) in time of qualification for the UEFA European Under-21 Football Championship 2011. The level of sprint abilities was diagnosed with the device Fitro Light Gates (FiTRONIC, Bratislava, The Slovak Republic). The criterion for the level assessment was the time obtained in the distance of 10m with the exactness of 0.01s. The level of jump abilities was diagnosed with the device FiTRO Jumper (FiTRONIC, Bratislava, The Slovak Republic). The criterion for the level assessment was the jump height in centimeter (cm) with the exactness of 0.1cm. Intermittent endurance was diagnosed with Yo-Yo Intermittent recovery test, level 2. The criterion for the evaluation was total overcame distance in the test in metres (m). Differences in the level of sprint abilities, jump abilities and intermittent endurance were recognised and defined with the special subject analysis. The level of sprint abilities of the whole group was presented with the average performance with the value 2.21±0.08 s, the level of jump abilities with the average performance with the value 39.0±4.2 cm and the level of intermittent endurance with the average value 1283±294 m, what means VO 2 max. kg-1 = 62.7±4.0 ml.kg-1 min-1. We have not found out with special subject analysis any significant differences in monitored parameters between groups divided according to playing positions. The significantly lower level was observed only in the level of sprint abilities and intermittent endurance of goalkeepers.

The aim of the study is to compare the impact of static and dynamic stretching on performance in ... more The aim of the study is to compare the impact of static and dynamic stretching on performance in terms of speed and speed-strength abilities. The studied subject was a group of professional ice hockey players (n = 12, goalkeeper = 1, defenders = 3, centres = 8, age = 22.9±3.4 years, height = 184.8±7.4 cm, weight = 86.2±7.6 kg) playing in the highest-level ice hockey competition in the 2011/2012 year of competition. The impact of static and dynamic stretching was determined via speed and speed-strength ability indicators (lower limb frequency velocity, lower limb explosive and dynamic strength). The average result of the players in terms of lower limb frequency velocity after static stretching was 69.7±2.9 taps, whereas after dynamic stretching we obtained 73.4±4.2 taps; There is therefore, an important difference between them (t = 4.031, p<0.05; d = 1.15 – large effect). In terms of the lower limb explosive strength, the average result after static performance was 41.1±3.8 cm in ...

Biological Rhythm Research

Journal of physical education and sport, 2015

IntroductionModern trends of present professional soccer become evident mainly in dynamics and co... more IntroductionModern trends of present professional soccer become evident mainly in dynamics and constant increase in playing speed which is especially presented by limiting jump abilities. We agree with the authors Psotta et al. (2006) who state that the biggest changes in soccer in last years were made especially in condition figures which regard to speed-force assumptions in playing performance. The condition according to Bunc (1999) presents 3040% of playing performance in soccer. According to Reilly (1997), Psotta et al. (2006), Orendurff et al. (2010), soccer is intermittent movement activity which contains very short, usually 1 to 5 seconds continuing intervals of endurance with high to maximum intensity, which alternate with intervals of endurance with lower intensity or inaction lasting from 5 to 10 seconds. Bangsbo, Mohr & Krustrup (2006), Bangsbo, Iaia & Krustrup (2007) state by professional players 150 to 250 short intensive activities in a match. Hipp (2007) declares that...

FIEP Bulletin On-line, 2013

This contribution deals with the level of general physical performance of 7 years old pupils atte... more This contribution deals with the level of general physical performance of 7 years old pupils attending primary schools. Firstgrade pupils at primary schools in Banska Bystrica were tested. Tested group consisted of pupils from all primary schools. The following indicators of general physical performance were monitored: sit-and-reach, standing long jump, sit-ups in 30 s, flexed arm hang, shuttle run 4x10 meters, endurance shuttle run. Also basic somatic indicators such as body height, body weight and BMI were found out. However, we monitored an after-school physical activity as well. The results are compared to other authors dealing with the general physical performance of mentioned age group. Acknowledgment: This contribution was written with the support of grant project VE GA 1/1158/12.

Journal of physical education and sport, 2018

The aim of the study was to compare the effects of static (StatS) and dynamic stretching (DynS) o... more The aim of the study was to compare the effects of static (StatS) and dynamic stretching (DynS) on forcevelocity tasks (spike jump – SJ, block jump – BJ, 1 kg ball throw – THW) of young volleyball players (n = 10, age = 15.4±0.5 years, height = 177.5±4.7 cm, weight = 61.0±5.7 kg) during their competition period. The statistical analysis did not show any significant differences (t = -0.074, p > 0.05, d = 0.02) when measuring the SJ height after the StatS warm-up (58.3±10.0 cm) and after the DynS warm-up (58.9±10.1 cm). No significant differences were observed with the BS height (t = -0.214, p > 0.05, d = 0.05) – StatS warm-up (42.3±9.2 cm) and DynS warm-up (43.1±9.3 cm). The THW indicator came up similar (t = 0.164, p > 0.05, d = 0.04), StatS warmup 12.2±3.2 cm, DynS warm-up 13.0±2.9 cm.

Original scientific paper The aim of the paper was to compare the influence of three different al... more Original scientific paper The aim of the paper was to compare the influence of three different alternatives of hypoxic training (a training in higher altitude – HA, an intermittent hypoxic training – IHT, and a hypoxic tent – HT). The research was executed on 10 athletes who all took part in higher altitude training and an intermittent hypoxic training. Four of the athletes from this sample took part in a training (a sleep) in a hypoxic tent. All the three alternatives lasted for approximately three weeks. In haematological indicators the number of erythrocytes, haemoglobin and hematocrit in HA and IHT increased from 3% to 4.9%. A more significant increase (25.3%, resp. 26.2%) was measured in reticulocytes. In HT we measured the increase of reticulocytes in 17.9%; however in the remaining indicators we observed even smaller increase, namely 0.7 – 2.3%. From the point of spiroergometric indicators we observed the most significant increase in the VO 2 max.kg-1 at ANT where we measured...

Kolektiv přednich autorů nabizi bohatou paletu domacich i zahranicnich teoretických poznatků z ob... more Kolektiv přednich autorů nabizi bohatou paletu domacich i zahranicnich teoretických poznatků z oblasti chronobiologie a vlivu biorytmů na tělesný, pohybový a psychický stav clověka. Zaroveň autoři doplňuji a poukazuji na chronobiologicke přistupy, aplikace a metody zjisťovani vlivu biorytmů na sportovni výkonnost a jejich využiti v praxi ve vztahu k prevenci a zdravi clověka. Monografie je urcena sirokemu okruhu odborniků předevsim z oblasti sportu. Klade důraz na chronobiologicke přistupy nejen v teorii ale předevsim v implementaci těchto poznatků do sportovni praxe.

International Journal of Sports Science, 2014

This The aim of the study was to analyse and compare the actual level of sprint ability in 10m, 3... more This The aim of the study was to analyse and compare the actual level of sprint ability in 10m, 30m and 50m from the point of view of playing positions of Slovak national under-21 football players U21 (N = 20, goalkeepers = 2, defenders = 4, midfielders = 8, forwards = 6) in time of qualification for European Under-21 Football Championship 2011. The level of sprint ability was measured with the device Fitro Light Gates (FiTRONIC, Bratislava, the Slovak Republic). The criterion of evaluation of the performance level was achieved time in distance of 10m, 30m and 50m from start from rest with accuracy 0.01s. Distance 10m, 30m and 50m was measured within one run. Differences in the level of sprint ability were determinated with special subject analysis. The level of sprint ability of the whole group in distance 10m was presented by average running time with the value 2.20±0.09s, in distance 30m with the value 4.59±0.09s and in 50m with the value 6.80±0.13s. In all measured sections (10m...

Cieľom studie bolo analyzovať aktualnu uroveň akceleracnej rýchlosti futbalových reprezentantov S... more Cieľom studie bolo analyzovať aktualnu uroveň akceleracnej rýchlosti futbalových reprezentantov Slovenskej republiky kategorie U21 (n = 20, brankari = 2, obrancovia = 4, stredovi hraci = 8, utocnici = 6) v obdobi kvalifikacie na Majstrovstva Europy U21 2011 vo futbale. Uroveň akceleracnej rýchlosti bola diagnostikovana zariadenim FiTRONIC – Fitro Light Gates. Kriteriom hodnotenia urovne bol dosiahnutý cas na vzdialenosť 30 m s presnosťou 0,01 s. Rozdiely v urovni akceleracnej rýchlosti boli zisťovane a definovane expertiznou vecnou analýzou. Uroveň akceleracnej rýchlosti suboru bola prezentovana priemernou výkonnosťou s hodnotou 4,59±0,09 s. Uroveň akceleracnej rýchlosti obrancov bola transformovana do priemernej výkonnosti 4,67±0,07 s, stredových hracov 4,56±0,10 s a utocnikov 4,54±0,19 s, co je primerane k urovni výkonnosti a akceleracnej rýchlosti celeho suboru. U brankarov vsak bola zistena vecne významne nižsia uroveň akceleracnej rýchlosti prezentovanej priemernou hodnotou 4,7...

Study’s objective was to find out the effect of the training programme on the development of spee... more Study’s objective was to find out the effect of the training programme on the development of speed, explosiveness and agility through selected tests.The programme focused on the development of different types of speed and agility and was applied to a group of 10 female playersof Premier League basketball team BDŽ ŠK UMB Banska Bystrica in Slovakia.The average age of the group was 20.4±2.2 years, the average body height was 170.3±7.7 cm and the average body weight was 64±6.9 kg.Fitro Agility Check Desk Test was the test of reaction rate in which a statistically and substantively significant difference was observed during the experimental period (T = 0, n = 10, p < 0.05, r = 0.63 large effect).Similar situation was observed in the 5 metres linear acceleration running (t = 4.457, n = 10,p < 0.05, d = 1.41 large effect) and in the 10 metres linear acceleration running (t = 5.775, n = 10, p < 0.05,d = 1.83 large effect), where the significant improvement was identified.We observ...