Khalid MOUNA - Profile on Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Drafts by Khalid MOUNA
Bouhouth, 2023
C’est à partir de l’analyse du Hirak politique au Maroc que ce papier tente de présenter un nouve... more C’est à partir de l’analyse du Hirak politique au Maroc que ce papier tente de présenter un nouveau regard sur la recherche en sciences sociales. Le Hirak est un concept sociologique qui marque le « ras-le-bol » social, politique et économique. Le mot Hirak prend ici la dimension d’un mouvement qui cible à faire bouger les lignes politiques. Il signifie également une manifestation active contre le sommeil et l’immobilisme politique et économique. L’importance de ce terme se constate à travers sa reprise par d’autres mouvements en Algérie et en Tunisie, il est devenu le symbole d’une expression politique de la marge.
Le foncier et le territoire. Les limites d’une gouvernance de la légalisation du cannabis Land and territory. The limits of the governance of cannabis legalization
LEs Cahiers D'EMAM, 2022
Since the outbreak of the Hirak in 2016, land issues have emerged as a new framework for social m... more Since the outbreak of the Hirak in 2016, land issues have emerged as a new framework for social mobilization, and this goes far beyond the city of Al Hoceima, the starting point of the Hirak. The land issue, in connection with the territory, is posed with acuteness in the territories of cannabis production, whether in Tlata de Ketama or in the commune of Raya Suahal. Thus, activists blocked the departure of a military helicopter in 2017 as a sign of protest against the annexation of agricultural lands used by cultivators of cannabis. With the legalization of cannabis, the land issue arises as a condition for legal production of therapeutic and industrial cannabis. This paper seeks to explore the triangular relationship between cannabis, territory and land in the central Rif: it analyzes the aspects of this triangulation which engage the success of the legalization of cannabis for both therapeutic and industrial purposes.
L’enseignement coranique chez les Jbala du Rif occidental Qur’anic teaching among the Jbala of the Western Rif التعليم القرآني في قبائل جبالة في الريف الغربي
Enjeux locaux et régionaux de l’enseignement religieux, 2021
Since 2002, religious teaching in Morocco has undergone major transformation and pedagogical rest... more Since 2002, religious teaching in Morocco has undergone major transformation and pedagogical restructuring led by the Ministry of Endowments (Habous) and Islamic Affairs. In certain regions such as the north of the country and the Sous, this teaching appears much more rooted than in other regions. Thus, among the Jbala of the Western Rif, the fuqhā occupy a symbolic place and the memorization of the Koran is part of a local identity and socio-cultural framework. Based on ethnographic work, this article describes the processes of Koran memorization among the Jbala and shows how the Jbala are convinced that they are heirs to a tradition of memorization of the Koran. Beyond a socio-cultural dimension, the ta’līm al ‘atîq (traditional teaching) offers balance to a society that has devoted itself to the accumulation of wealth from the cannabis economy.
This publication reflects only the views of the author(s); the European Commission and Research E... more This publication reflects only the views of the author(s); the European Commission and Research Executive Agency are not responsible for any information it contains. Its contents are the sole responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the European Union or the European Institute of the Mediterranean (IEMed).
Connekt H2020, 2022
This publication reflects only the views of the author(s); the European Commission and Research E... more This publication reflects only the views of the author(s); the European Commission and Research Executive Agency are not responsible for any information it contains. Its contents are the sole responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the European Union or the European Institute of the Mediterranean (IEMed).
politique et cannabis au Maroc, policy and cannabis in Morocco
radicalisme , 2021
The report sets out valuable data, figures and information regarding violent extremism in the... more The report sets out valuable data, figures and information regarding violent extremism in their specific contexts, and provide a brief overview of the main policies, strategies and initiatives regarding Prevention/Countering Violent Extremism in the country. Moreover, it also identifies the most relevant stakeholders in the field, both as source and target of such past and current visions and actions.
Since the 1980s, the landscape of illegal drug use has changed in Morocco. This has come about th... more Since the 1980s, the landscape of illegal drug use has changed in Morocco. This has come about through the introduction of new drugs and new modes of consumption. Morocco's geographical position has actively contributed to facilitating the transit of cocaine from the Sahel; heroin arriving through the two enclaves of Sebta and Melilla; and psychotropic drugs from Europe or those transiting through Algeria. The 2000s were marked by the "democratization" of certain drugs with the massive arrival in Morocco of cocaine and heroin, which had until then been reserved for a wealthy clientele. Thus "kahla/heroin", introduced in the north at a price of around 20 dirhams (2 Euros) per gram, generated a considerable number of injecting drug users, with all the attendant public health problems (HIV). Using the city of Tangier as a working space, this article attempts to understand the process of heroin addiction, and tries to answer the following questions: how do people become junkies? How it feels to break the social link ?How do they experience the user-sick position?
European Foreign Affairs Review Volume 25, Special Issue (2020) pp. 67 – 86, 2020
The process of democratization in Morocco has confronted political and economic challenges. Civil... more The process of democratization in Morocco has confronted political and economic challenges. Civil society has recently become very active in Moroccan society, operating in all sectors and starting from the paradigm of human rights. However, this civil society faces two major difficulties. The first is intrinsic to its existence, because it lacks resources and professionalism; whereas the second difficulty lies in the nature of power and its centralization, as central power is obsessed by co-optation of political actors and actors from civil society. Thus political actors and social activists must start from consensus as a prerequisite and avoid anything that could challenge the political system. This leaves little room for a genuine democratic process and is the context that the EU enters as an external player. Its presence is perceived as ambivalent, even neocolonial; its practices are not seen as supportive of the local fight for democracy, but as a source to use by emerging players, which is evidence of the competition for resources among the different actors in Morocco’s political system.
Journal des anthropologues, 2011
This paper examines gender relations in the cannabis production area. This is an ethnographic wor... more This paper examines gender relations in the cannabis production area. This is an ethnographic work that starts from a case study and goes up in generality.
Fuori Luogo / n. 4, dicembre , 2018
The transformation of Morocco from a country of emigration to a country of immigration has change... more The transformation of Morocco from a country of emigration to a country of immigration has changed the migratory profile of the country since the 1990s. Morocco has become a country of origin, transit but also destination. In this context, migration-related issues are mostly associated with the presence of immigrants, whereby migration is framed through a securitizing approach. In the framework of this securitizing representation of migration, this paper aims to present and analyse the perspectives of stakeholders operating in the field of migration in Morocco, by intersecting the viewpoints of governmental and para-governmental stakeholders, CSOs and migrants. The analysis of these diverse perspectives allows us to better understand the place of migration in North-South (EU-Morocco) relations.
The process of democratization in Morocco has confronted political and economic challenges. Civil... more The process of democratization in Morocco has confronted political and economic challenges. Civil society has recently become very active in Moroccan society, operating in all sectors and starting from the paradigm of human rights. However, this civil society faces two major difficulties. The first is intrinsic to its existence, because it lacks resources and professionalism; whereas the second difficulty lies in the nature of power and its centralization, as central power is obsessed by co-optation of political actors and actors from civil society. Thus political actors and social activists must start from consensus as a prerequisite and avoid anything that could challenge the political system. This leaves little room for a genuine democratic process. This is the context that the EU enters as an external player. How is it perceived by grassroots actors, and what role could it play to become a true partner towards democracy?
Préface La Fondation Heinrich Böll Afrique du Nord Rabat, en partenariat avec le Rabat Social Stu... more Préface La Fondation Heinrich Böll Afrique du Nord Rabat, en partenariat avec le Rabat Social Studies Institute et l'Université Moulay Ismail de Meknès, a entamé ce projet afin d'enrichir le débat sur la migration et les réfugié(e)s au Maroc et promouvoir la culture de l'inclusion, le respect, l'intégration et la coexistence ainsi que des perspectives sur la migration et les réfugié(e)s basées sur les droits humains. « Migration : intégration, identité et mobilité », ces études, centré(e)s sur le Maroc en tant que pays de transition, ont été faites initialement par des chercheur/ses en Master et Doctorat, Marocain(e)s et migrant(e)s. Elles ont des effets réels sur les politiques et les pratiques. Elles soulignent par ailleurs la précarité que certain(e)s migrant(e)s et réfugié(e)s vivent au Maroc, surtout dans les domaines de l'éducation, de l'intégration économique et de l'accès au logement. Les trois chapitres observent de près la vie des migrant(e)s au Maroc, avec un oeil sur des détails et des études qualitatives et quantitatives sur les migrant(e)s. Ils montrent également la complexité de l'intégration par la société marocaine et l'accès aux droits humains les plus basiques.
Le Maroc a connu depuis 2011 une mobilisation sociale qui a provoqué un changement politique ; ce... more Le Maroc a connu depuis 2011 une mobilisation sociale qui a provoqué un changement politique ; cette mobilisation se poursuit aujourd’hui à travers les différentes formes de Hirak : Rif, Jrada, boycott. Ces nouvelles mobilisations sont riches en enseignements sur le changement produit au sein de la société marocaine, mais elles nous poussent aussi à réfléchir sur les modalités permettant de penser la pratique des sciences sociales au Maroc. Ce papier tente d’ouvrir le débat sur ce sujet.
his article focuses on a fieldwork study we conducted on the Rif society, more precisely on the q... more his article focuses on a fieldwork study we conducted on the Rif society, more precisely on the question of power. As the culture of kif and its derivatives has emerged and developed, the socio-economic connections have been deeply changed. So have the values of honour and baraka, which were traditionally the foundation of power, symbolically built on lands and women, forbidden domains. What are the social consequences of this internationalisation of the kif economy ? How is the new power in the actual Rif ? This is what this article deals with, by analysing the new social hierarchy in general and the baznass group in particular, a new social class trying to rule a society where the symbolic basis has been chased by the material one.
Keywords: Mouna, Rif, Power, Economy, Cannabis
Corps et société, numéro spécial, Revue Ibla, n° 216 : 105-122., 2015
Bouhouth, 2023
C’est à partir de l’analyse du Hirak politique au Maroc que ce papier tente de présenter un nouve... more C’est à partir de l’analyse du Hirak politique au Maroc que ce papier tente de présenter un nouveau regard sur la recherche en sciences sociales. Le Hirak est un concept sociologique qui marque le « ras-le-bol » social, politique et économique. Le mot Hirak prend ici la dimension d’un mouvement qui cible à faire bouger les lignes politiques. Il signifie également une manifestation active contre le sommeil et l’immobilisme politique et économique. L’importance de ce terme se constate à travers sa reprise par d’autres mouvements en Algérie et en Tunisie, il est devenu le symbole d’une expression politique de la marge.
Le foncier et le territoire. Les limites d’une gouvernance de la légalisation du cannabis Land and territory. The limits of the governance of cannabis legalization
LEs Cahiers D'EMAM, 2022
Since the outbreak of the Hirak in 2016, land issues have emerged as a new framework for social m... more Since the outbreak of the Hirak in 2016, land issues have emerged as a new framework for social mobilization, and this goes far beyond the city of Al Hoceima, the starting point of the Hirak. The land issue, in connection with the territory, is posed with acuteness in the territories of cannabis production, whether in Tlata de Ketama or in the commune of Raya Suahal. Thus, activists blocked the departure of a military helicopter in 2017 as a sign of protest against the annexation of agricultural lands used by cultivators of cannabis. With the legalization of cannabis, the land issue arises as a condition for legal production of therapeutic and industrial cannabis. This paper seeks to explore the triangular relationship between cannabis, territory and land in the central Rif: it analyzes the aspects of this triangulation which engage the success of the legalization of cannabis for both therapeutic and industrial purposes.
L’enseignement coranique chez les Jbala du Rif occidental Qur’anic teaching among the Jbala of the Western Rif التعليم القرآني في قبائل جبالة في الريف الغربي
Enjeux locaux et régionaux de l’enseignement religieux, 2021
Since 2002, religious teaching in Morocco has undergone major transformation and pedagogical rest... more Since 2002, religious teaching in Morocco has undergone major transformation and pedagogical restructuring led by the Ministry of Endowments (Habous) and Islamic Affairs. In certain regions such as the north of the country and the Sous, this teaching appears much more rooted than in other regions. Thus, among the Jbala of the Western Rif, the fuqhā occupy a symbolic place and the memorization of the Koran is part of a local identity and socio-cultural framework. Based on ethnographic work, this article describes the processes of Koran memorization among the Jbala and shows how the Jbala are convinced that they are heirs to a tradition of memorization of the Koran. Beyond a socio-cultural dimension, the ta’līm al ‘atîq (traditional teaching) offers balance to a society that has devoted itself to the accumulation of wealth from the cannabis economy.
This publication reflects only the views of the author(s); the European Commission and Research E... more This publication reflects only the views of the author(s); the European Commission and Research Executive Agency are not responsible for any information it contains. Its contents are the sole responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the European Union or the European Institute of the Mediterranean (IEMed).
Connekt H2020, 2022
This publication reflects only the views of the author(s); the European Commission and Research E... more This publication reflects only the views of the author(s); the European Commission and Research Executive Agency are not responsible for any information it contains. Its contents are the sole responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the European Union or the European Institute of the Mediterranean (IEMed).
politique et cannabis au Maroc, policy and cannabis in Morocco
radicalisme , 2021
The report sets out valuable data, figures and information regarding violent extremism in the... more The report sets out valuable data, figures and information regarding violent extremism in their specific contexts, and provide a brief overview of the main policies, strategies and initiatives regarding Prevention/Countering Violent Extremism in the country. Moreover, it also identifies the most relevant stakeholders in the field, both as source and target of such past and current visions and actions.
Since the 1980s, the landscape of illegal drug use has changed in Morocco. This has come about th... more Since the 1980s, the landscape of illegal drug use has changed in Morocco. This has come about through the introduction of new drugs and new modes of consumption. Morocco's geographical position has actively contributed to facilitating the transit of cocaine from the Sahel; heroin arriving through the two enclaves of Sebta and Melilla; and psychotropic drugs from Europe or those transiting through Algeria. The 2000s were marked by the "democratization" of certain drugs with the massive arrival in Morocco of cocaine and heroin, which had until then been reserved for a wealthy clientele. Thus "kahla/heroin", introduced in the north at a price of around 20 dirhams (2 Euros) per gram, generated a considerable number of injecting drug users, with all the attendant public health problems (HIV). Using the city of Tangier as a working space, this article attempts to understand the process of heroin addiction, and tries to answer the following questions: how do people become junkies? How it feels to break the social link ?How do they experience the user-sick position?
European Foreign Affairs Review Volume 25, Special Issue (2020) pp. 67 – 86, 2020
The process of democratization in Morocco has confronted political and economic challenges. Civil... more The process of democratization in Morocco has confronted political and economic challenges. Civil society has recently become very active in Moroccan society, operating in all sectors and starting from the paradigm of human rights. However, this civil society faces two major difficulties. The first is intrinsic to its existence, because it lacks resources and professionalism; whereas the second difficulty lies in the nature of power and its centralization, as central power is obsessed by co-optation of political actors and actors from civil society. Thus political actors and social activists must start from consensus as a prerequisite and avoid anything that could challenge the political system. This leaves little room for a genuine democratic process and is the context that the EU enters as an external player. Its presence is perceived as ambivalent, even neocolonial; its practices are not seen as supportive of the local fight for democracy, but as a source to use by emerging players, which is evidence of the competition for resources among the different actors in Morocco’s political system.
Journal des anthropologues, 2011
This paper examines gender relations in the cannabis production area. This is an ethnographic wor... more This paper examines gender relations in the cannabis production area. This is an ethnographic work that starts from a case study and goes up in generality.
Fuori Luogo / n. 4, dicembre , 2018
The transformation of Morocco from a country of emigration to a country of immigration has change... more The transformation of Morocco from a country of emigration to a country of immigration has changed the migratory profile of the country since the 1990s. Morocco has become a country of origin, transit but also destination. In this context, migration-related issues are mostly associated with the presence of immigrants, whereby migration is framed through a securitizing approach. In the framework of this securitizing representation of migration, this paper aims to present and analyse the perspectives of stakeholders operating in the field of migration in Morocco, by intersecting the viewpoints of governmental and para-governmental stakeholders, CSOs and migrants. The analysis of these diverse perspectives allows us to better understand the place of migration in North-South (EU-Morocco) relations.
The process of democratization in Morocco has confronted political and economic challenges. Civil... more The process of democratization in Morocco has confronted political and economic challenges. Civil society has recently become very active in Moroccan society, operating in all sectors and starting from the paradigm of human rights. However, this civil society faces two major difficulties. The first is intrinsic to its existence, because it lacks resources and professionalism; whereas the second difficulty lies in the nature of power and its centralization, as central power is obsessed by co-optation of political actors and actors from civil society. Thus political actors and social activists must start from consensus as a prerequisite and avoid anything that could challenge the political system. This leaves little room for a genuine democratic process. This is the context that the EU enters as an external player. How is it perceived by grassroots actors, and what role could it play to become a true partner towards democracy?
Préface La Fondation Heinrich Böll Afrique du Nord Rabat, en partenariat avec le Rabat Social Stu... more Préface La Fondation Heinrich Böll Afrique du Nord Rabat, en partenariat avec le Rabat Social Studies Institute et l'Université Moulay Ismail de Meknès, a entamé ce projet afin d'enrichir le débat sur la migration et les réfugié(e)s au Maroc et promouvoir la culture de l'inclusion, le respect, l'intégration et la coexistence ainsi que des perspectives sur la migration et les réfugié(e)s basées sur les droits humains. « Migration : intégration, identité et mobilité », ces études, centré(e)s sur le Maroc en tant que pays de transition, ont été faites initialement par des chercheur/ses en Master et Doctorat, Marocain(e)s et migrant(e)s. Elles ont des effets réels sur les politiques et les pratiques. Elles soulignent par ailleurs la précarité que certain(e)s migrant(e)s et réfugié(e)s vivent au Maroc, surtout dans les domaines de l'éducation, de l'intégration économique et de l'accès au logement. Les trois chapitres observent de près la vie des migrant(e)s au Maroc, avec un oeil sur des détails et des études qualitatives et quantitatives sur les migrant(e)s. Ils montrent également la complexité de l'intégration par la société marocaine et l'accès aux droits humains les plus basiques.
Le Maroc a connu depuis 2011 une mobilisation sociale qui a provoqué un changement politique ; ce... more Le Maroc a connu depuis 2011 une mobilisation sociale qui a provoqué un changement politique ; cette mobilisation se poursuit aujourd’hui à travers les différentes formes de Hirak : Rif, Jrada, boycott. Ces nouvelles mobilisations sont riches en enseignements sur le changement produit au sein de la société marocaine, mais elles nous poussent aussi à réfléchir sur les modalités permettant de penser la pratique des sciences sociales au Maroc. Ce papier tente d’ouvrir le débat sur ce sujet.
his article focuses on a fieldwork study we conducted on the Rif society, more precisely on the q... more his article focuses on a fieldwork study we conducted on the Rif society, more precisely on the question of power. As the culture of kif and its derivatives has emerged and developed, the socio-economic connections have been deeply changed. So have the values of honour and baraka, which were traditionally the foundation of power, symbolically built on lands and women, forbidden domains. What are the social consequences of this internationalisation of the kif economy ? How is the new power in the actual Rif ? This is what this article deals with, by analysing the new social hierarchy in general and the baznass group in particular, a new social class trying to rule a society where the symbolic basis has been chased by the material one.
Keywords: Mouna, Rif, Power, Economy, Cannabis
Corps et société, numéro spécial, Revue Ibla, n° 216 : 105-122., 2015
La Croisée des Chemins, 2022
C’est à partir des rites consacrés à Aïcha Hamdouchiya, figure mi-humaine, mi-esprit, que ce livr... more C’est à partir des rites consacrés à Aïcha Hamdouchiya, figure mi-humaine, mi-esprit, que ce livre tente d’expliciter le rapport au corps, au genre et au pouvoir, par l’exploration des mythes et des rites de l’inversion sexuelle qui lui sont associés. Aïcha représente deux exceptions dans le contexte maghrébin : femme et noire, elle incarne une double figure de la marginalité, l’une sexuelle et l’autre de couleur. Elle constitue une figure mouvante, rendant fragiles les frontières qui séparent la norme de la déviance. Aïcha génère de multiples processus d’inversion, qui remettent en cause la généalogie du pouvoir des hommes saints, tout en introduisant de nouvelles variantes plus concrètes des mythes et des rites, plus efficaces aussi et plus dynamiques, qui donnent aux femmes et aux efféminés le pouvoir thérapeutique.
Cette ethnographie cherche à explorer la question de l’altérité et de la place des rituels d’inversion dans la dynamique de changement et de résistance des rôles sociaux. Il s’agit de questionner les dichotomies épistémologiques dominées par le déterminisme et le symbolisme qui structurent encore l’anthropologie maghrébine. Le culte de la marge lié à Aicha se révèle en tant qu’espace alternatif de résistance aux normes politiques, religieuses et sociales dominantes. Par leurs pratiques, les acteurs de la marge rendent vulnérable l’ordre dominant et en construisent les lignes de fuite.
Khalid Mouna, Catherine Therrien, Leila Bouasria, 2017
Dans cet ouvrage collectif, des réflexions sur des expériences de terrain ethnographique se crois... more Dans cet ouvrage collectif, des réflexions sur des expériences de terrain ethnographique se croisent pour nous livrer les différents contextes de production des données et les stratégies mobilisées par les chercheurs en fonction de leur thématique et de leur positionnement sur le terrain. Les différents chercheurs qui ont contribué à ce livre proviennent de différentes disciplines et ont en commun le fait d'avoir privilégié l'approche ethnographique pour recueillir leurs données de recherche.
ce travail reviens sur le terrain du cannabis, comment enquêter dans un milieu sensible. L'auteur... more ce travail reviens sur le terrain du cannabis, comment enquêter dans un milieu sensible. L'auteur reviens sur ses premiers terrains ethnographique au sein de la population de Ketama du Rif
Certifying Credibility: Trajectory of Sub-Saharan Asylum Seekers in Italy,
Fuori Luogo Rivista di Sociologia del Territorio, Turismo, Tecnologia, 2023
In the last decade, migrants arriving in Europe for asylum have occupied the threads of dis-cours... more In the last decade, migrants arriving in Europe for asylum have occupied the threads of dis-course on immigration. Amid the so-called «Europe’s refugee and migrant crisis» protection seekers’ quest to legal protection has been activated under an increasing enactment of bor-der regimes (Artero and Fontnari, 2019), migration-control-policies (Hess and Kasparek, 2017) and immigration law enforcement (Hess and Petrogiannis, 2020). Hindrances of border control, push backs and the tightening of asylum procedures have become the norm of EU’s approach «against the abuse of its asylum system» (Agenda on Migration 2015). Today, with the ongoing implementation of the New Pact on Migration and Asylum, asylum determination is increasingly problematic; it calls into question tensions between the governance of migration and practices of protection seekers.
Je suis artiste": Trajectoires des migrations subsahariennes à Tanger, in Expression Maghrébine, vol. 23/2, 2024. With Victoire Jaquet
Expressions maghrébines, 2024
Notre étude des pratiques artistiques interroge le rôle de l'art comme voie parmi les stratégies ... more Notre étude des pratiques artistiques interroge le rôle de l'art comme voie parmi les stratégies connues d'adaptation des récits d'exil pour susciter la sympathie et organiser les conditions d'une régularisation. Elle propose une perspective singulière sur le devenir migrant. Face à la prescription d'un statut, ces individus renouvellent leurs identités avec créativité. Ainsi, devenir artiste est perçu comme un accomplissement. Ces parcours témoignent du rôle et du pouvoir de l'art à re-symboliser le réel, ici, à travers la danse et le son. Ces réalités nous incitent à formuler l'hypothèse selon laquelle l'art, en tant que processus liminal, constituerait une pratique, un moment de transition, de flottement et d'inversion. Ainsi, la régularisation de leurs situations comme artistes constituants, pour des migrants aux statuts juridiques singuliers, une occasion de renversement d'une situation qui révèle le caractère construit et relatif des hiérarchies sociales.
L’anthropologie au Maghreb. Hégémonie du Nord et production des savoirs sur les pays du Sud.
Année du Maghreb, 2024
Les sociétés maghrébines ont représenté des espaces importants pour la constitution du savoir en ... more Les sociétés maghrébines ont représenté des espaces importants pour la constitution du savoir en sciences sociales, notamment pendant la période postcoloniale avec l’école anglo-saxonne (Gellner, Geertz, Eckelmann, Rabinow, etc.). Ces études postcoloniales tendent à déconstruire les eurocentrismes épistémologiques, éthiques ou encore politiques mais persistent à penser en termes binaires. Par exemple, lorsque Rabinow (1975) étudie le changement symbolique dans le village de Sidi Lahcen Lyussi au Moyen-Atlas. Il s’attaque à l’attachement des wlad siyyed (les descendants du saint) aux formes symboliques de la sainteté qui figent le changement historique de la population, et la conduise à une forme d’aliénation. Au lieu de rentrer dans un jeu binaire de contrastes, Rabinow conceptualise les deux figures de Lyussi, mais oppose le personnage religieux et le personnage politique et leurs usages rituels lors de mussem. Eickelman (1953) pour sa part, étudie le maraboutisme en tant que phénomène qui caractérise l’islam local au Maroc. Il oppose ces pratiques relevant dudit « islam populaire », à l’islam de la « haute culture ». Son argumentation repose également sur d’autres oppositions qui apparaissent comme celles entre la tribu et la ville, le passé et le présent. Cette binarité entre islam de haute culture et islam maraboutique repose sur une construction théorique pour l’auteur, or islam de haute culture et islam maraboutique se croisent et se nourrissent l’un de l’autre (Mouna, 2022).
Le cannabis au Maroc, du jeu politique local à la scène nationale
Le 27 janvier 2013, des manifestations éclatent dans la province d’Al Hoceïma, précisément dans l... more Le 27 janvier 2013, des manifestations éclatent dans la province d’Al Hoceïma, précisément dans le douar de Bni Gmil où a été introduite la culture du cannabis en 2007. Ces troubles interviennent à la suite de l’interdiction, annoncée par le crieur public (barah) lors du marché hebdomadaire du samedi, de cultiver le cannabis cette année. Aussitôt, la population prend d’assaut le siège de la commune et se confronte aux forces de l’ordre. Rassemblant 1 400 personnes, cette manifestation est enc..
Lectures , Les comptes rendus
Le cannabis au Maroc: Un exemple de processus de transgression au Maroc
Revista de Estudios Internacionales Mediterráneos
Starting from the orality and experience of the Hirak actors, we conducted a series of semi-struc... more Starting from the orality and experience of the Hirak actors, we conducted a series of semi-structured interviews and field observation, as well as the analysis of the web content of the Hirak actors, to express the relationship to the protest memory of the Rif. This memory does not present a logical sequence of events, but rather operates as a rhetorical approach to the past where the real and the imaginary move as elements that constantly shapes the "market of memory". As such, this paper seeks to capture the movements of inversion from a heroic Rif to a victimized Rif, and vice versa. We will show how the Hirak serves to renew memory, and how actors renew their action by making memory dynamic.
The Process of Becoming a Heroin User in Northern Morocco
Anthropos
This article investigates heroin use in northern Morocco through ethnographic work, exploring the... more This article investigates heroin use in northern Morocco through ethnographic work, exploring the trajectory by mobilizing the concept of becoming in three distinct phases: becoming addicted, becoming sick, and becoming a patient. Starting from the practices and discourses of the actors, we seek to understand how individuals think about their addiction, and the place of their local culture in their self-definitions. The term “junkie” is used by the users to qualify their practice and social conditions, as a kind of auto-stigma. We also explore how heroin users pragmatically adhere to the medical approach to re-establish their link to society, defining themselves as sick, and then as a patient. “Becoming” is a vanishing line in the sense of Deleuze and Guattari, a dynamic of social exclusion that offers possibilities of resistance. This work shows the ability of this population to bend the rules, but also to reinvest the codes of society to recreate a new “becoming” [Morocco, addicti...
Past and present: memory as "present of the past". The case of the Rif Hirak
Revista de Estudios Internacionales Mediterráneos, 2023
Starting from the orality and experience of the Hirakactors, we conducted a series of semi-struct... more Starting from the orality and experience of the Hirakactors, we conducted a series of semi-structured interviews and field observation, as well as the analysis of the web content of the Hirakactors, to express the relationship to the protest memory of the Rif. This memory does not present a logical sequence of events, but rather operates as a rhetorical approach to the past where the real and the imaginary move as elements that constantly shapes the "market of memory". As such, this paper seeks to capturethe movements of inversion from a heroic Rif to a victimized Rif, and vice versa. We will show how the Hirakserves to renew memory, and how actors renew their action by making memory dynamic.
The Process of Becoming Heroin Users in Northern Morocco. An Anthropological Perspective
anthropos, 2023
This article investigates heroin use in northern Morocco through ethnographic work, exploring the... more This article investigates heroin use in northern Morocco through ethnographic work, exploring the trajectory by mobilizing the concept of becoming in three distinct phases: becoming addicted, becoming sick, and becoming a patient. Starting from the practices and discourses of the actors, we seek to understand how individuals think about their addiction, and the place of their local culture in their self-definitions. The term “junkie” is used by the users to qualify their practice and social conditions, as a kind of auto-stigma. We also explore how heroin users pragmatically adhere to the medical approach to re-establish their link to society, defining themselves as sick, and then as a patient. “Becoming” is a vanishing line in the sense of Deleuze and Guattari, a dynamic of social exclusion that offers possibilities of resistance. This work shows the ability of this population to bend the rules, but also to reinvest the codes of society to recreate a new “becoming”
Cuando un movimiento de protesta se mide por la represión.: Una retrospectiva del Movimiento 20 de Febrero en Meknes
Un siglo de movilización social en Marruecos, 2019, ISBN 9788472909212, págs. 469-483, 2019
The body does not escape the social condition that builds it, bearing, there is no condition prop... more The body does not escape the social condition that builds it, bearing, there is no condition proper to the body. It is from changing body conditions that Lalla Aicha's ritual finds its meaning. Contrary to the analysis of Bourdieu who perceives the rite of legitimation or consecration as a kind of demarcation line and social oppositions, such as masculine / feminine as being the symbols of the sun and the moon, Lalla Aïcha and rituals that accompany it function as the vectors of a fusion but also an ambivalence. The knowledge of the body passes through the myth and rite that are granted to Lalla Aicha that allows to attribute an identity to a body socially and religiously suspicious. The myths around Aicha play a dynamic and liberating role of the body. The strength of myths lies in the ability to be incorporated into the creation of a collective memory that reflects a group's point of view about itself, but also the way this group perceives the outside world. This contribution aims to analyze the course of suspicious bodies, bodies in search of sexual identity; it is based on an approach that focuses more on the experience and experience of actors in relation to the visible world and the invisible world.
Le foncier et le territoire. Les limites d’une gouvernance de la légalisation du cannabis
Les Cahiers d’EMAM
Since the outbreak of the Hirak in 2016, land issues have emerged as a new framework for social m... more Since the outbreak of the Hirak in 2016, land issues have emerged as a new framework for social mobilization, and this goes far beyond the city of Al Hoceima, the starting point of the Hirak. The land issue, in connection with the territory, is posed with acuteness in the territories of cannabis production, whether in Tlata de Ketama or in the commune of Raya Suahal. Thus, activists blocked the departure of a military helicopter in 2017 as a sign of protest against the annexation of agricultural lands used by cultivators of cannabis. With the legalization of cannabis, the land issue arises as a condition for legal production of therapeutic and industrial cannabis. This paper seeks to explore the triangular relationship between cannabis, territory and land in the central Rif: it analyzes the aspects of this triangulation which engage the success of the legalization of cannabis for both therapeutic and industrial purposes.
Drivers of radicalisation and violent extremism in the light of community dynamics in MENA and the Balkans, 2022
This publication reflects only the views of the author(s); the European Commission and Research E... more This publication reflects only the views of the author(s); the European Commission and Research Executive Agency are not responsible for any information it contains. Its contents are the sole responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the European Union or the European Institute of the Mediterranean (IEMed).
Movement of protest in Morocco. The case of unemployed graduates
North Africa in the Process of Change: Political, Legal, Social and Economic Transformations
The Moroccan political system is based on a diversity of actors: the urban bourgeoisie, peasantry... more The Moroccan political system is based on a diversity of actors: the urban bourgeoisie, peasantry, the state workers, etc. But, among its components, there are also unemployed graduates. This paper will show how they have been divided into several groups since the late 1990s, each group defined by its interests and degrees. Beyond these specificities, all these groups share the same aim: they want access to employment, more specifically to civil service positions. This article analyzes these two aspects through the use of public space during protest movements by unemployed graduates.
Liste des auteurs par ordre alphabétique
Encyclopédie des historiographies : Afriques, Amériques, Asies, 2020
André Sylvie Université de Polynésie Française, Papeete Argyriadis Kali IRD, URMIS, Paris Arthus ... more André Sylvie Université de Polynésie Française, Papeete Argyriadis Kali IRD, URMIS, Paris Arthus Weibert Université d’État d’Haïti Bardy Yannick Université de Lille Basu Raj Sekhar University of Calcutta Baumgartner Lesage Heidy Service de la culture et du patrimoine, Tahiti Beaujard Philippe CNRS, Institut des Mondes Africains, Paris Béligand Nadine Université de Lyon 2 Bernand Carmen Université Paris Nanterre Bertho Elara CNRS, LAM, Bordeaux Bhattacharya France Inalco, Paris Bhaumik Suda..
Le Maroc au présent
Le Maroc est probablement l’un des pays d’Afrique du Nord et du Moyen Orient les plus étudiés par... more Le Maroc est probablement l’un des pays d’Afrique du Nord et du Moyen Orient les plus étudiés par les sciences sociales et humaines. Motivée par la diversité objective du pays, cette faveur n’en demeure pas moins ambiguë, en ce qu’elle a contribué à consacrer l’antinomie tradition/modernité. À rebours de ce cliché, Le Maroc au présent expose plusieurs facettes des tensions qui traversent la société marocaine et montre qu’elles ne sont ni figées ni subies par les gens. En multipliant les approches en sciences humaines et sociales, cet ouvrage examine, notamment à partir d’observations de terrain, les transformations qui se sont produites ce dernier quart de siècle, à tous les niveaux. Pour donner à connaître, du plus près possible, le Maroc d’aujourd’hui, l’ouvrage propose une variété de regards croisés, souvent personnalisés, sur les processus sociaux, dans leurs expressions les plus variées. En cela, Le Maroc au présent se veut beaucoup plus un ouvrage d’exploration qu’un simple livre de synthèse. De par la pluralité disciplinaire des contributeurs et la diversité des terrains explorés, il est un état de la recherche sur le Maroc contemporain, fait à partir du Maroc
Civil Society Versus the State. The Case of Morocco
European Foreign Affairs Review
The process of democratization in Morocco has confronted political and economic challenges. Civil... more The process of democratization in Morocco has confronted political and economic challenges. Civil society has recently become very active in Moroccan society, operating in all sectors and starting from the paradigm of human rights. However, this civil society faces two major difficulties. The first is intrinsic to its existence, because it lacks resources and professionalism; whereas the second difficulty lies in the nature of power and its centralization, as central power is obsessed by co-optation of political actors and actors from civil society. Thus political actors and social activists must start from consensus as a prerequisite and avoid anything that could challenge the political system. This leaves little room for a genuine democratic process and is the context that the EU enters as an external player. Its presence is perceived as ambivalent, even neocolonial; its practices are not seen as supportive of the local fight for democracy, but as a source to use by emerging playe...
Le parcours migratoire de jeunes ruraux du bled du kif
Alternatives Rurales, Jun 1, 2015
The Journal of North African Studies, 2018
La crise du coronavirus, de par sa fulgurance et son ampleur, a fait entrer le Maroc, comme l’ens... more La crise du coronavirus, de par sa fulgurance et son ampleur, a fait entrer le Maroc, comme l’ensemble
des pays d’Afrique du Nord, dans une situation historiquement inédite, demandant de nouvelles
politiques économiques et sociales, et avant cela, l’adoption de nouveaux outils de réflexion et
d’analyse. Les problématiques relatives à la migration internationale en général, et à celle des
compétences en particulier, n’échappent pas à cette règle. Il est donc plus que nécessaire de ne pas
passer sous silence cette réalité lorsqu’on aborde le paradigme des compétences et plus précisément
celui de la diaspora scientifique.
FLSH, 2021
repenser la pratique de l'anthropologue au Maroc comme cadre de penser et de d'action
IURS, 2018
corps et rituel