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Papers by Carina Magalhaes

Acta portuguesa de nutrição, Dec 1, 2018

Acta portuguesa de nutrição, Dec 31, 2018

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Handbook of Dialogical Self Theory and Psychotherapy, 2018

Revista de Psicoterapia

At the beginning of the therapeutic process, clients frequently feel immersed in their problems, ... more At the beginning of the therapeutic process, clients frequently feel immersed in their problems, and demoralized, with a negative perspective of different areas of their lives. The clients´ discourse is specially focused on difficulties and previous ineffective attempts to overcome their problems. Even though positive aspects of the clients’ life continue to exist, such as resources and strengths, they have little visibility in the clients’ speech and, consequently, in the therapist’s assessment and intervention planning. Moreover, most psychotherapy models emphasize a focus on the deficits of the clients, centered on the correction of difficulties as a way to achieve mental health. In this context, we highlight the importance of integrating resources and strengths of the clients’ life in case assessment, clinical formulation, and treatment planning. This information can be collected in the assessment phase, but in order to make it explicit the relevance of this information we creat...

Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 2020

This paper aims to describe the Innovative Moments (IM) Coding System (IMCS), an idiographic and ... more This paper aims to describe the Innovative Moments (IM) Coding System (IMCS), an idiographic and transtheoretical methodology that allows the identification of IMs-markers of changes in the client's initial maladaptive framework of meaningthroughout psychotherapy. The present study introduces the theoretical background underlying this methodology, along with the main empirical findings resulting from former studies that have applied this tool to clinical data. The IMCS application is also detailed: the coding phases, the training steps and inter-rater agreement measures. In order to illustrate the application of IM coding, a case study is presented. Although a partial coding was used, the results are in line with previous research. Discussion is centred on the usefulness of the IMCS for the advance of process research in psychotherapy, and the potential use of this methodology in group format.

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 2019

We performed a multilevel meta-analytic review, complemented with both sensitivity analysis and r... more We performed a multilevel meta-analytic review, complemented with both sensitivity analysis and robust variance estimation (RVE) method, to systematically assess the effects of working memory training on healthy older adults.  We found small significant gains on verbal and visuospatial working memory, however the effects were maintained at follow-up only for verbal working memory.  Far-transfer effects were not verified, except for the studies whose Cattell Test was used to assess reasoning.  The effects of working memory training were moderated by the adopted measures, type of training, training length and duration, and baseline performance.  Moderator analysis did not show the influence of type of control group (active versus passive), except for one comparison: visuospatial WM at posttest.

Clinical psychology & psychotherapy, Jan 10, 2018

In previous studies, reconceptualization innovative moments were associated with successful psych... more In previous studies, reconceptualization innovative moments were associated with successful psychotherapy. Reconceptualization has two components-(a) a positive temporal contrast between the past self and the present self (contrasting self [CS]) and (b) a description of how and/or why this change has occurred (change process [CP])-from the perspective of the client. The aim of this study is to analyse if CS and CP have the same association with outcomes as reconceptualization. Sixteen cases of clients with major depression (305 sessions) were analysed. Longitudinal regression models were used to explore if proportions of CS, CP, and reconceptualization predicted outcome measures and if outcome measures predicted CS, CP, and reconceptualization. Reconceptualization is less frequent than CS and CP taken separately, but reconceptualization was a better predictor of treatment outcomes than were its separate components. Moreover, symptom improvement did not predict reconceptualization. T...

Psychotherapy research : journal of the Society for Psychotherapy Research, Jan 5, 2017

Innovative moments (IMs) are exceptions to the maladaptive framework of meaning that typically mo... more Innovative moments (IMs) are exceptions to the maladaptive framework of meaning that typically motivates clients to seek psychotherapy, and previous studies have shown that IMs are associated with psychotherapy outcomes. While IMs are exceptions that occur at the level of the therapeutic conversation, relational schemas are more stable patterns, and their increased flexibility may facilitate change during psychotherapy. With this in mind, we tested the hypothesis that IMs contribute to outcomes by improving the flexibility of relational schemas. The Core Conflictual Relationship Theme (CCRT) was used to assess relational schemas. IMs were evaluated using the Innovative Moments Coding System. The sample included 22 clients diagnosed with major depressive disorder. The flexibility of the three components of the CCRT (Wishes, responses of the self (RS), and responses of others (RO)) were tested as mediators between IMs and outcomes. The flexibility of the RS was a mediator between IMs ...

Journal of Constructivist Psychology, 2020

The FIND (Feedback Initiated Narrative Development) protocol was designed to foster the availabil... more The FIND (Feedback Initiated Narrative Development) protocol was designed to foster the availability of clients' resources in psychotherapy. This protocol consists of two brief interviews and an observation of an early psychotherapy session, centered on the elicitation of the client's personal resources. The contents of both the interviews and the observed session are summarized for clients and therapists in the form of therapeutic letters. The theoretical background of this protocol is presented in this paper, which focuses on the first part of the protocol, illustrating it with clinical vignettes. The FIND protocol was developed after more than 10 years of research on innovative moments in psychotherapy and is based on narrative therapy practices and dialogical self theory tenets. Other research and models further contributed to the development of this protocol, such as the hypothesis of capitalization of resources; studies that emphasize clients active role in their own change; and research on autobiographical memories and narrative construction of identity. Drawing on these models, the FIND protocol attempts to prime and activate the client s resources (i.e., potential innovative moments) from the beginning of therapy, with the aim of improving psychotherapy efficacy.