Donna Spannaus-Martin | University of Minnesota (original) (raw)
Papers by Donna Spannaus-Martin
Clinical Laboratory Science, 2012
Over the past five years our clinical laboratory sciences (CLS) program more than doubled student... more Over the past five years our clinical laboratory sciences (CLS) program more than doubled student enrollment to help address the workforce shortages in our state. At the same time, medical laboratory technician programs were also increasing enrollment, putting significant pressure on the already limited number of clinical training spaces. To help alleviate the impact on clinical sites, major changes were made to the traditional clinical rotation model; shifting from a clinical training to a clinical experience and a simultaneous decrease in length from 22 to 12 weeks. This change required extensive in-service training for clinical preceptors including rationale for the new clinical experience model, review of student campus education, expectations for preceptors and students, as well as developing and implementing new evaluation methods of student performance. Through funding from the Department of Labor, online interactive modules introducing the concepts of new clinical experience...
Clinical Laboratory Science, 2010
To evaluate the 2007 and 1990 data on the number and characteristics of programs offering graduat... more To evaluate the 2007 and 1990 data on the number and characteristics of programs offering graduate level degrees in Clinical Laboratory Science. DESIGN/SETTING/PARTICIPANT: Data were collected from published sources (Directory of Graduate Programs for Clinical Laboratory Practitioners) and analyzed at the University of Minnesota. Specific data regarding the kinds of advanced programs and the number of graduates per year, the number of program openings and closures, program requirements were collected, as well as data regarding the number and employment of graduates of Master's degree programs at two long-standing public institutions. Not Applicable. The tabulation of degree, program, and graduate data, together with the first position taken by graduates of two M.S. programs. The numbers of graduate level programs and graduates decreased between 1990 and 2007, from 39 to 28 identified Master's level programs, but with only a slight increase from two to five doctoral programs....
Journal of Allied Health, 2010
To remain dynamic and viable, academic institutions preparing the future workforce need to conver... more To remain dynamic and viable, academic institutions preparing the future workforce need to convert to a more accessible and convenient pathway for students. The need for responsiveness is especially true when considering strategies to prepare an allied health workforce in areas of shortages and to meet the needs of the underserved. A blended or hybrid learning model that strategically uses web-based and face-to-face teaching/learning methods is an innovative and strategic way that promotes learner-centered higher education and facilitates a higher learning experience. A model and emerging best practices for implementation are presented from our experience at the Center for Allied Health Programs at the University of Minnesota.
Initiation and growth of embryogenic callus and suspension cultures of Zea mays L.
European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 1998
Over the past five years our clinical laboratory sciences (CLS) program more than doubled student... more Over the past five years our clinical laboratory sciences (CLS) program more than doubled student enrollment to help address the workforce shortages in our state. At the same time, medical laboratory technician programs were also increasing enrollment, putting significant pressure on the already limited number of clinical training spaces. To help alleviate the impact on clinical sites, major changes were made to the traditional clinical rotation model; shifting from a clinical training to a clinical experience and a simultaneous decrease in length from 22 to 12 weeks. This change required extensive in-service training for clinical preceptors including rationale for the new clinical experience model, review of student campus education, expectations for preceptors and students, as well as developing and implementing new evaluation methods of student performance. Through funding from the Department of Labor, online interactive modules introducing the concepts of new clinical experience...
Medical laboratory scientists are health care practitioners who perform testing on blood and othe... more Medical laboratory scientists are health care practitioners who perform testing on blood and other body fluids providing vital information to physicians for the diagnosis, treatment, and management of patients in health and disease. Miscommunications between laboratory personnel and other health care practitioners can result in unwarranted delays in patient care or errors in treatment selection, which ultimately could cause patient harm, including the possible loss of life. In spite of prerequisite writing course requirements, students in our laboratory science baccalaureate degree program struggled to reach the program’s writing competencies. The situation in our program was complicated by the high percentage of multilingual students with varying abilities in English. This pilot study was initiated to describe the nature of writing in our field of practice and to analyze the current status of student writing abilities. A survey of writing activities among current laboratory science...
To remain dynamic and viable, academic institutions preparing the future workforce need to conver... more To remain dynamic and viable, academic institutions preparing the future workforce need to convert to a more accessible and convenient pathway for students. The need for responsiveness is especially true when considering strategies to prepare an allied health workforce in areas of shortages and to meet the needs of the underserved. A blended or hybrid learning model that strategically uses web-based and face-to-face teaching/learning methods is an innovative and strategic way that promotes learner-centered higher education and facilitates a higher learning experience. A model and emerging best practices for implementation are presented from our experience at the Center for Allied Health Programs at the University of Minnesota.
Journal of Allied …, 2010
To remain dynamic and viable, academic institutions preparing the future workforce need to conver... more To remain dynamic and viable, academic institutions preparing the future workforce need to convert to a more accessible and convenient pathway for students. The need for responsiveness is especially true when considering strategies to prepare an allied health workforce in areas of shortages and to meet the needs of the underserved. A blended or hybrid learning model that strategically uses web-based and face-to-face teaching/learning methods is an innovative and strategic way that promotes learner-centered higher education and facilitates a higher learning experience. A model and emerging best practices for implementation are presented from our experience at the Center for Allied Health Programs (CAHP) at the University of Minnesota.
Atherosclerosis
Low concentrations of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) are a recognized risk factor f... more Low concentrations of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) are a recognized risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Exercise is often recommended to increase HDL-C, but the effect of exercise training on HDL levels and metabolism in subjects with low HDL concentrations is not well defined. The present study compared the HDL response to 12 months of supervised endurance exercise training without weight loss in 17 men aged 26–49 years with initially low (<40 mg/dl, N=7) or normal (>44 mg/dl, N=10) HDL-C levels. HDL-C levels and HDL apolipoprotein metabolism were assessed while the subjects consumed controlled diets before and after the year of training. Increases in total (5.1±2.8 versus 1.9±4.2 mg/dl, P=0.08) and HDL2 (3.8±2.9 versus 0.4±1.1 mg/dl, P=0.01) cholesterol were greater in men with normal initial HDL-C levels. Catabolic rates for HDL apolipoproteins decreased 7–14% and biological half-lives increased 10–15% after exercise training in subjects ...
Typescript (photocopy). Thesis (Ph. D.)--Iowa State University, 1987. Includes bibliographical re... more Typescript (photocopy). Thesis (Ph. D.)--Iowa State University, 1987. Includes bibliographical references.
American Journal Of Pathology
The present study describes a novel experimental immunotherapeutic methodology for the reduction ... more The present study describes a novel experimental immunotherapeutic methodology for the reduction of inflammatory synovitis that is noted in an animal model of rheumatoid arthritis. The reduction in inflammation is noted in the animals administered a contra-interleukin-2 (IL-2) cytokine secreted by a cloned T-cell line. The mechanism of reduction of inflammation by this cytokine is through the inhibition of activation and differentiation of T lymphocytes. The cytokine inhibits the in vitro mitogen activation of T-cell lymphocytes as well as antigen-specific activation of a collagen type II specific T-cell line. In addition, decreased levels of messenger RNA coding for interleukin-2 are noted in T lymphocytes and IL-2 activation of the collagen type II specific cell line is inhibited by the contra-IL-2 cytokine. This initial description of a reduction in inflammation by a contra-IL-2 lymphokine suggests that immunoregulatory biologic molecules that are antagonists to IL-2 may be usefu...
Clinical laboratory science : journal of the American Society for Medical Technology, 2012
Over the past five years our clinical laboratory sciences (CLS) program more than doubled student... more Over the past five years our clinical laboratory sciences (CLS) program more than doubled student enrollment to help address the workforce shortages in our state. At the same time, medical laboratory technician programs were also increasing enrollment, putting significant pressure on the already limited number of clinical training spaces. To help alleviate the impact on clinical sites, major changes were made to the traditional clinical rotation model; shifting from a clinical training to a clinical experience and a simultaneous decrease in length from 22 to 12 weeks. This change required extensive in-service training for clinical preceptors including rationale for the new clinical experience model, review of student campus education, expectations for preceptors and students, as well as developing and implementing new evaluation methods of student performance. Through funding from the Department of Labor, online interactive modules introducing the concepts of new clinical experience...
Journal of allied health, 2010
To remain dynamic and viable, academic institutions preparing the future workforce need to conver... more To remain dynamic and viable, academic institutions preparing the future workforce need to convert to a more accessible and convenient pathway for students. The need for responsiveness is especially true when considering strategies to prepare an allied health workforce in areas of shortages and to meet the needs of the underserved. A blended or hybrid learning model that strategically uses web-based and face-to-face teaching/learning methods is an innovative and strategic way that promotes learner-centered higher education and facilitates a higher learning experience. A model and emerging best practices for implementation are presented from our experience at the Center for Allied Health Programs at the University of Minnesota.
Clinical laboratory science : journal of the American Society for Medical Technology, 2010
To evaluate the 2007 and 1990 data on the number and characteristics of programs offering graduat... more To evaluate the 2007 and 1990 data on the number and characteristics of programs offering graduate level degrees in Clinical Laboratory Science. DESIGN/SETTING/PARTICIPANT: Data were collected from published sources (Directory of Graduate Programs for Clinical Laboratory Practitioners) and analyzed at the University of Minnesota. Specific data regarding the kinds of advanced programs and the number of graduates per year, the number of program openings and closures, program requirements were collected, as well as data regarding the number and employment of graduates of Master's degree programs at two long-standing public institutions. Not Applicable. The tabulation of degree, program, and graduate data, together with the first position taken by graduates of two M.S. programs. The numbers of graduate level programs and graduates decreased between 1990 and 2007, from 39 to 28 identified Master's level programs, but with only a slight increase from two to five doctoral programs....
Inflammation Research, 1989
Experimental immunotherapy of murine collagen-induced arthritis can be achieved by administration... more Experimental immunotherapy of murine collagen-induced arthritis can be achieved by administration of specific T suppressor cell hybridomas. The present study examines the immunoregulation noted in this experimental immunotherapy by describing the immunomodulatory effects of a cytokine produced by a suppressor T cell line, T101N. The inhibition of the activation of splenic lymphocytes in response to T cell mitogens and the erythema and edema associated with arthritis were assayed. Mice given T101N ascites showed reduced inflammation (p<0.05). Lymphocytes derived from naive mice and cultured in the presence of T101N culture supernatant showed reduced response to concanavalin A. Therefore, this form of experimental immunotherapy of arthritis may be associated with cytokines secreted from T suppressor cells which modulate T cell activation.
Atherosclerosis, 1998
Low concentrations of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) are a recognized risk factor f... more Low concentrations of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) are a recognized risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Exercise is often recommended to increase HDL-C, but the effect of exercise training on HDL levels and metabolism in subjects with low HDL concentrations is not well defined. The present study compared the HDL response to 12 months of supervised endurance exercise training without weight loss in 17 men aged 26 -49 years with initially low ( B 40 mg/dl, N=7) or normal (\44 mg/dl, N= 10) HDL-C levels. HDL-C levels and HDL apolipoprotein metabolism were assessed while the subjects consumed controlled diets before and after the year of training. Increases in total (5.1 9 2.8 versus 1.9 9 4.2 mg/dl, P = 0.08) and HDL2 (3.8 9 2.9 versus 0.4 91.1 mg/dl, P= 0.01) cholesterol were greater in men with normal initial HDL-C levels. Catabolic rates for HDL apolipoproteins decreased 7-14% and biological half-lives increased 10 -15% after exercise training in subjects with normal HDL, but were unchanged in the low HDL-C group. HDL apolipoprotein synthetic rates were not consistently affected by exercise training in either group. Postheparin lipoprotein lipase activity increased 27%, the clearance rate of intravenous triglycerides increased 14%, and apolipoprotein B levels decreased 16% with training in subjects with normal HDL-C but were unchanged in the low HDL-C group. We conclude that the ability to increase HDL-C levels through endurance exercise training is limited in subjects with low initial HDL-C, possibly because exercise training in such subjects fails to alter triglyceride metabolism.
Metabolism-clinical and Experimental, 1997
This study examined the effect of exercise training without weight loss on high-density lipoprote... more This study examined the effect of exercise training without weight loss on high-density lipoprotein (HDL) metabolism in overweight men. We evaluated HDL metabolism using 1251-radiolabeled autologous HDL in 17 overweight men aged 40 _+ 7 years (mean ---SD) before and after I year of exercise training. Subjects consumed defined diets in a metabolic kitchen during the metabolic studies. They performed endurance exercise under supervision for 1 hour four times weekly and maintained their pretraining body weight. Maximal oxygen uptake (Vo2max) increased 27% (P < .001) with exercise training. HDLcholesterol (HDL-C) and apolipoprotein (apo) A-I increased 10% and 9%, respectively (P < .001 for both), whereas triglycerides and apo B decreased 7% and 10%, respectively (P < .05). Postheparin lipoprotein lipase increased 11% (P= NS). Hepatic triglyceride lipase activity (HTGLA) decreased 12% (P < .05). The fractional catabolic rate (FCR) of HDL protein and of apo A-I decreased 5% and 7%, respectively (P < .05 for both). The synthetic rate of apo A-I increased 13% (P < .01). Increased HDL after exercise training is associated with both decreased HDL protein catabolism and increased HDL apo A-I synthesis. Weight loss is not required to increase HDL-C with exercise training in overweight men, but without weight loss, even prolonged exercise training produces only modest changes in HDL-C concentrations.
Protein Expression and Purification, 2002
Recombinant calcineurin heterodimer with the full length d-isoform of the catalytic subunit ðCaN ... more Recombinant calcineurin heterodimer with the full length d-isoform of the catalytic subunit ðCaN 500 Þ was expressed in insect cells using the baculovirus system and compared to native bovine brain enzyme in its response to divalent metal ions, redox reagents, and enzymatic modification of arginine residues. The response to various metal ions showed essentially the same profile as bovine brain calcineurin, although Co 2þ and Zn 2þ did not support recombinant activity as well. Kinetic analysis showed that metal ion and substrate binding were not independent, as found for the bovine brain calcineurin. Incubation with DTT or ascorbate alone caused similar effects on the activity of both enzymes, but different responses were observed when incubated with both DTT and ascorbate; only the recombinant enzyme showed activation. Arginine deimination of recombinant calcineurin by peptidylarginine deiminase resulted in the loss of 60-80% of its phosphatase activity with protection observed if calmodulin was present. Recombinant calcineurin was reactivated by treatment with the protease clostripain, suggesting that deimination of an arginine in the carboxyl terminal domain may be responsible for the loss of phosphatase activity and decreased calmodulin binding [Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 318 (1995) 370]. Supporting this conclusion, a truncated variant of the catalytic subunit lacking the carboxyl terminus showed no loss of phosphatase activity compared to full length calcineurin subunit and contained lower amounts of citrulline than the full length subunit after deimination. These different responses of recombinant calcineurin are consistent with conformational differences compared to bovine brain calcineurin and raise questions about its utility for studying the mechanism of calcineurin.
Clinical Laboratory Science, 2012
Over the past five years our clinical laboratory sciences (CLS) program more than doubled student... more Over the past five years our clinical laboratory sciences (CLS) program more than doubled student enrollment to help address the workforce shortages in our state. At the same time, medical laboratory technician programs were also increasing enrollment, putting significant pressure on the already limited number of clinical training spaces. To help alleviate the impact on clinical sites, major changes were made to the traditional clinical rotation model; shifting from a clinical training to a clinical experience and a simultaneous decrease in length from 22 to 12 weeks. This change required extensive in-service training for clinical preceptors including rationale for the new clinical experience model, review of student campus education, expectations for preceptors and students, as well as developing and implementing new evaluation methods of student performance. Through funding from the Department of Labor, online interactive modules introducing the concepts of new clinical experience...
Clinical Laboratory Science, 2010
To evaluate the 2007 and 1990 data on the number and characteristics of programs offering graduat... more To evaluate the 2007 and 1990 data on the number and characteristics of programs offering graduate level degrees in Clinical Laboratory Science. DESIGN/SETTING/PARTICIPANT: Data were collected from published sources (Directory of Graduate Programs for Clinical Laboratory Practitioners) and analyzed at the University of Minnesota. Specific data regarding the kinds of advanced programs and the number of graduates per year, the number of program openings and closures, program requirements were collected, as well as data regarding the number and employment of graduates of Master's degree programs at two long-standing public institutions. Not Applicable. The tabulation of degree, program, and graduate data, together with the first position taken by graduates of two M.S. programs. The numbers of graduate level programs and graduates decreased between 1990 and 2007, from 39 to 28 identified Master's level programs, but with only a slight increase from two to five doctoral programs....
Journal of Allied Health, 2010
To remain dynamic and viable, academic institutions preparing the future workforce need to conver... more To remain dynamic and viable, academic institutions preparing the future workforce need to convert to a more accessible and convenient pathway for students. The need for responsiveness is especially true when considering strategies to prepare an allied health workforce in areas of shortages and to meet the needs of the underserved. A blended or hybrid learning model that strategically uses web-based and face-to-face teaching/learning methods is an innovative and strategic way that promotes learner-centered higher education and facilitates a higher learning experience. A model and emerging best practices for implementation are presented from our experience at the Center for Allied Health Programs at the University of Minnesota.
Initiation and growth of embryogenic callus and suspension cultures of Zea mays L.
European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 1998
Over the past five years our clinical laboratory sciences (CLS) program more than doubled student... more Over the past five years our clinical laboratory sciences (CLS) program more than doubled student enrollment to help address the workforce shortages in our state. At the same time, medical laboratory technician programs were also increasing enrollment, putting significant pressure on the already limited number of clinical training spaces. To help alleviate the impact on clinical sites, major changes were made to the traditional clinical rotation model; shifting from a clinical training to a clinical experience and a simultaneous decrease in length from 22 to 12 weeks. This change required extensive in-service training for clinical preceptors including rationale for the new clinical experience model, review of student campus education, expectations for preceptors and students, as well as developing and implementing new evaluation methods of student performance. Through funding from the Department of Labor, online interactive modules introducing the concepts of new clinical experience...
Medical laboratory scientists are health care practitioners who perform testing on blood and othe... more Medical laboratory scientists are health care practitioners who perform testing on blood and other body fluids providing vital information to physicians for the diagnosis, treatment, and management of patients in health and disease. Miscommunications between laboratory personnel and other health care practitioners can result in unwarranted delays in patient care or errors in treatment selection, which ultimately could cause patient harm, including the possible loss of life. In spite of prerequisite writing course requirements, students in our laboratory science baccalaureate degree program struggled to reach the program’s writing competencies. The situation in our program was complicated by the high percentage of multilingual students with varying abilities in English. This pilot study was initiated to describe the nature of writing in our field of practice and to analyze the current status of student writing abilities. A survey of writing activities among current laboratory science...
To remain dynamic and viable, academic institutions preparing the future workforce need to conver... more To remain dynamic and viable, academic institutions preparing the future workforce need to convert to a more accessible and convenient pathway for students. The need for responsiveness is especially true when considering strategies to prepare an allied health workforce in areas of shortages and to meet the needs of the underserved. A blended or hybrid learning model that strategically uses web-based and face-to-face teaching/learning methods is an innovative and strategic way that promotes learner-centered higher education and facilitates a higher learning experience. A model and emerging best practices for implementation are presented from our experience at the Center for Allied Health Programs at the University of Minnesota.
Journal of Allied …, 2010
To remain dynamic and viable, academic institutions preparing the future workforce need to conver... more To remain dynamic and viable, academic institutions preparing the future workforce need to convert to a more accessible and convenient pathway for students. The need for responsiveness is especially true when considering strategies to prepare an allied health workforce in areas of shortages and to meet the needs of the underserved. A blended or hybrid learning model that strategically uses web-based and face-to-face teaching/learning methods is an innovative and strategic way that promotes learner-centered higher education and facilitates a higher learning experience. A model and emerging best practices for implementation are presented from our experience at the Center for Allied Health Programs (CAHP) at the University of Minnesota.
Atherosclerosis
Low concentrations of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) are a recognized risk factor f... more Low concentrations of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) are a recognized risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Exercise is often recommended to increase HDL-C, but the effect of exercise training on HDL levels and metabolism in subjects with low HDL concentrations is not well defined. The present study compared the HDL response to 12 months of supervised endurance exercise training without weight loss in 17 men aged 26–49 years with initially low (<40 mg/dl, N=7) or normal (>44 mg/dl, N=10) HDL-C levels. HDL-C levels and HDL apolipoprotein metabolism were assessed while the subjects consumed controlled diets before and after the year of training. Increases in total (5.1±2.8 versus 1.9±4.2 mg/dl, P=0.08) and HDL2 (3.8±2.9 versus 0.4±1.1 mg/dl, P=0.01) cholesterol were greater in men with normal initial HDL-C levels. Catabolic rates for HDL apolipoproteins decreased 7–14% and biological half-lives increased 10–15% after exercise training in subjects ...
Typescript (photocopy). Thesis (Ph. D.)--Iowa State University, 1987. Includes bibliographical re... more Typescript (photocopy). Thesis (Ph. D.)--Iowa State University, 1987. Includes bibliographical references.
American Journal Of Pathology
The present study describes a novel experimental immunotherapeutic methodology for the reduction ... more The present study describes a novel experimental immunotherapeutic methodology for the reduction of inflammatory synovitis that is noted in an animal model of rheumatoid arthritis. The reduction in inflammation is noted in the animals administered a contra-interleukin-2 (IL-2) cytokine secreted by a cloned T-cell line. The mechanism of reduction of inflammation by this cytokine is through the inhibition of activation and differentiation of T lymphocytes. The cytokine inhibits the in vitro mitogen activation of T-cell lymphocytes as well as antigen-specific activation of a collagen type II specific T-cell line. In addition, decreased levels of messenger RNA coding for interleukin-2 are noted in T lymphocytes and IL-2 activation of the collagen type II specific cell line is inhibited by the contra-IL-2 cytokine. This initial description of a reduction in inflammation by a contra-IL-2 lymphokine suggests that immunoregulatory biologic molecules that are antagonists to IL-2 may be usefu...
Clinical laboratory science : journal of the American Society for Medical Technology, 2012
Over the past five years our clinical laboratory sciences (CLS) program more than doubled student... more Over the past five years our clinical laboratory sciences (CLS) program more than doubled student enrollment to help address the workforce shortages in our state. At the same time, medical laboratory technician programs were also increasing enrollment, putting significant pressure on the already limited number of clinical training spaces. To help alleviate the impact on clinical sites, major changes were made to the traditional clinical rotation model; shifting from a clinical training to a clinical experience and a simultaneous decrease in length from 22 to 12 weeks. This change required extensive in-service training for clinical preceptors including rationale for the new clinical experience model, review of student campus education, expectations for preceptors and students, as well as developing and implementing new evaluation methods of student performance. Through funding from the Department of Labor, online interactive modules introducing the concepts of new clinical experience...
Journal of allied health, 2010
To remain dynamic and viable, academic institutions preparing the future workforce need to conver... more To remain dynamic and viable, academic institutions preparing the future workforce need to convert to a more accessible and convenient pathway for students. The need for responsiveness is especially true when considering strategies to prepare an allied health workforce in areas of shortages and to meet the needs of the underserved. A blended or hybrid learning model that strategically uses web-based and face-to-face teaching/learning methods is an innovative and strategic way that promotes learner-centered higher education and facilitates a higher learning experience. A model and emerging best practices for implementation are presented from our experience at the Center for Allied Health Programs at the University of Minnesota.
Clinical laboratory science : journal of the American Society for Medical Technology, 2010
To evaluate the 2007 and 1990 data on the number and characteristics of programs offering graduat... more To evaluate the 2007 and 1990 data on the number and characteristics of programs offering graduate level degrees in Clinical Laboratory Science. DESIGN/SETTING/PARTICIPANT: Data were collected from published sources (Directory of Graduate Programs for Clinical Laboratory Practitioners) and analyzed at the University of Minnesota. Specific data regarding the kinds of advanced programs and the number of graduates per year, the number of program openings and closures, program requirements were collected, as well as data regarding the number and employment of graduates of Master's degree programs at two long-standing public institutions. Not Applicable. The tabulation of degree, program, and graduate data, together with the first position taken by graduates of two M.S. programs. The numbers of graduate level programs and graduates decreased between 1990 and 2007, from 39 to 28 identified Master's level programs, but with only a slight increase from two to five doctoral programs....
Inflammation Research, 1989
Experimental immunotherapy of murine collagen-induced arthritis can be achieved by administration... more Experimental immunotherapy of murine collagen-induced arthritis can be achieved by administration of specific T suppressor cell hybridomas. The present study examines the immunoregulation noted in this experimental immunotherapy by describing the immunomodulatory effects of a cytokine produced by a suppressor T cell line, T101N. The inhibition of the activation of splenic lymphocytes in response to T cell mitogens and the erythema and edema associated with arthritis were assayed. Mice given T101N ascites showed reduced inflammation (p<0.05). Lymphocytes derived from naive mice and cultured in the presence of T101N culture supernatant showed reduced response to concanavalin A. Therefore, this form of experimental immunotherapy of arthritis may be associated with cytokines secreted from T suppressor cells which modulate T cell activation.
Atherosclerosis, 1998
Low concentrations of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) are a recognized risk factor f... more Low concentrations of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) are a recognized risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Exercise is often recommended to increase HDL-C, but the effect of exercise training on HDL levels and metabolism in subjects with low HDL concentrations is not well defined. The present study compared the HDL response to 12 months of supervised endurance exercise training without weight loss in 17 men aged 26 -49 years with initially low ( B 40 mg/dl, N=7) or normal (\44 mg/dl, N= 10) HDL-C levels. HDL-C levels and HDL apolipoprotein metabolism were assessed while the subjects consumed controlled diets before and after the year of training. Increases in total (5.1 9 2.8 versus 1.9 9 4.2 mg/dl, P = 0.08) and HDL2 (3.8 9 2.9 versus 0.4 91.1 mg/dl, P= 0.01) cholesterol were greater in men with normal initial HDL-C levels. Catabolic rates for HDL apolipoproteins decreased 7-14% and biological half-lives increased 10 -15% after exercise training in subjects with normal HDL, but were unchanged in the low HDL-C group. HDL apolipoprotein synthetic rates were not consistently affected by exercise training in either group. Postheparin lipoprotein lipase activity increased 27%, the clearance rate of intravenous triglycerides increased 14%, and apolipoprotein B levels decreased 16% with training in subjects with normal HDL-C but were unchanged in the low HDL-C group. We conclude that the ability to increase HDL-C levels through endurance exercise training is limited in subjects with low initial HDL-C, possibly because exercise training in such subjects fails to alter triglyceride metabolism.
Metabolism-clinical and Experimental, 1997
This study examined the effect of exercise training without weight loss on high-density lipoprote... more This study examined the effect of exercise training without weight loss on high-density lipoprotein (HDL) metabolism in overweight men. We evaluated HDL metabolism using 1251-radiolabeled autologous HDL in 17 overweight men aged 40 _+ 7 years (mean ---SD) before and after I year of exercise training. Subjects consumed defined diets in a metabolic kitchen during the metabolic studies. They performed endurance exercise under supervision for 1 hour four times weekly and maintained their pretraining body weight. Maximal oxygen uptake (Vo2max) increased 27% (P < .001) with exercise training. HDLcholesterol (HDL-C) and apolipoprotein (apo) A-I increased 10% and 9%, respectively (P < .001 for both), whereas triglycerides and apo B decreased 7% and 10%, respectively (P < .05). Postheparin lipoprotein lipase increased 11% (P= NS). Hepatic triglyceride lipase activity (HTGLA) decreased 12% (P < .05). The fractional catabolic rate (FCR) of HDL protein and of apo A-I decreased 5% and 7%, respectively (P < .05 for both). The synthetic rate of apo A-I increased 13% (P < .01). Increased HDL after exercise training is associated with both decreased HDL protein catabolism and increased HDL apo A-I synthesis. Weight loss is not required to increase HDL-C with exercise training in overweight men, but without weight loss, even prolonged exercise training produces only modest changes in HDL-C concentrations.
Protein Expression and Purification, 2002
Recombinant calcineurin heterodimer with the full length d-isoform of the catalytic subunit ðCaN ... more Recombinant calcineurin heterodimer with the full length d-isoform of the catalytic subunit ðCaN 500 Þ was expressed in insect cells using the baculovirus system and compared to native bovine brain enzyme in its response to divalent metal ions, redox reagents, and enzymatic modification of arginine residues. The response to various metal ions showed essentially the same profile as bovine brain calcineurin, although Co 2þ and Zn 2þ did not support recombinant activity as well. Kinetic analysis showed that metal ion and substrate binding were not independent, as found for the bovine brain calcineurin. Incubation with DTT or ascorbate alone caused similar effects on the activity of both enzymes, but different responses were observed when incubated with both DTT and ascorbate; only the recombinant enzyme showed activation. Arginine deimination of recombinant calcineurin by peptidylarginine deiminase resulted in the loss of 60-80% of its phosphatase activity with protection observed if calmodulin was present. Recombinant calcineurin was reactivated by treatment with the protease clostripain, suggesting that deimination of an arginine in the carboxyl terminal domain may be responsible for the loss of phosphatase activity and decreased calmodulin binding [Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 318 (1995) 370]. Supporting this conclusion, a truncated variant of the catalytic subunit lacking the carboxyl terminus showed no loss of phosphatase activity compared to full length calcineurin subunit and contained lower amounts of citrulline than the full length subunit after deimination. These different responses of recombinant calcineurin are consistent with conformational differences compared to bovine brain calcineurin and raise questions about its utility for studying the mechanism of calcineurin.