Zykamilia Kamin - Universiti Malaysia Sabah (original) (raw)

Papers by Zykamilia Kamin

Study of operating conditions on fabrication of a kaolin hollow fibre membrane

International Journal of Chemical Engineering, Jan 19, 2023

Oxygen, an odorless and colorless gas constituent of the atmosphere, is a vital gas component for... more Oxygen, an odorless and colorless gas constituent of the atmosphere, is a vital gas component for the Earth, as it makes up 21% of the composition of the air we breathe. Apart from the importance of oxygen for human breathing, its highly pure form is demanding for industrial applications. As such, several technologies have been established to increase the oxygen purity from 21% to somewhat higher than 95%. One of the competitive technologies for producing this high-purity oxygen from the air is through pressure swing adsorption (PSA), which has the advantages of low cost and energy while being highly efcient. Also, PSA is a simple and fexible system due to its ability to start up and shut down more rapidly since its operation occurs at ambient temperature, which is enabled through the use of adsorbents to bind and separate the air molecules. Te enhancement of the PSA's performances was reported through the modifcation of PSA step cycles and material (zeolite) tailoring. A simplifed complete set of a mathematical model is included for modelling the PSA system, aiming to ease the experimental burden of the process design and optimization of an infnite modifcation of PSA step cycles. Finally, some technological importance of oxygen production via PSA, particularly for onboard oxygen generation system and oxy-enriched incineration of municipal solid waste, was discussed. Continuous development of PSA will make signifcant contributions to a wide range of chemical industries in the near future, be it for oxygen production or other gas separation applications.

II INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC FORUM ON COMPUTER AND ENERGY SCIENCES (WFCES-II 2021)

Oil and gas industry contribute to a major energy resource in the world. Depletion of oil and gas... more Oil and gas industry contribute to a major energy resource in the world. Depletion of oil and gas reservoir has attracted researchers on the enhanced oil recovery (EOR) technique to extract the residual oil content in the reservoir after primary and secondary treatment. Since various techniques of EOR are available to be potentially applied, however, nanoemulsion extraction technique has gained attention for further exploration, owing to its favorable properties for EOR, especially in terms of its kinetic stability. Two methods for synthesizing nanoemulsion including low energy and high energy method were discussed. High energy method offers various advantages, mainly related to stability and amount of surfactant, which directly related to cost. Also, the different types of surfactants for nanoemulsion synthesis have been clearly distinguished and the mechanism of nanoemulsion flooding for the EOR has been briefly discussed. Lastly, the compilation of previous research on the application of nanoemulsion for EOR has been outlined.

II INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC FORUM ON COMPUTER AND ENERGY SCIENCES (WFCES-II 2021)

Two types of commercial membranes are investigated to destabilize the oil/water emulsion in this ... more Two types of commercial membranes are investigated to destabilize the oil/water emulsion in this work. One of the membranes is mono-layered membrane made from polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and another one is dual-layered membrane which is a PVDF membrane supported by a fibrous polypropylene (PP) support layer. The membrane area of 17.35 cm 2 was characterized by pore size, thickness and distilled water permeation test, and tested with the synthesized oily water in a crossflow microfiltration system. The fibrous PP support layer embedded on the bottom surface of the PVDF-Synder membrane has significantly reduced the open pore structure and increased the thickness of the membrane. As a result, the water permeation flux of the PVDF-Synder membrane (1.90-8.80 cm 3 /cm 2 min) is slightly lower than that the PVDF-Westran membrane (2.71-9.80 cm 3 /cm 2 min). Compared with the oil droplet radius in the feed solution ranged from 20 to 180 nm, the PVDF-Westran membrane can coalesce the oil droplets up to 0.56 m while the PVDF-Synder membrane can enlarge the oil droplets to approximately 2.8 m. The PVDF-Synder membrane with narrower pore sizes, i.e. at least 50% of the pores are below 0.3 m, exhibited better performance in the oil/water emulsion separation.

II INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC FORUM ON COMPUTER AND ENERGY SCIENCES (WFCES-II 2021)

Oxygen notably has high demand to be used in industrial applications. It is crucial that effectiv... more Oxygen notably has high demand to be used in industrial applications. It is crucial that effective and efficient technology needs to be developed to coping this situation. Generally, oxygen is generated through cryogenic distillation, which requires the air to undergo cooling, compression, and further purification. It can produce almost 99% oxygen purity, but it is cost-intensive and has high energy consumption. Therefore, pressure swing adsorption (PSA) is developed for oxygen production, which has uncomplicated operating principles and is cost-efficient with generating relatively high product purity. In this paper, a brief review of pressure swing adsorption is presented. The usage of oxygen produced through pressure swing adsorption has been reviewed for on-board oxygen generation systems (OBOGS) and oxy-enriched incineration of municipal solid waste (MSW). In addition, assumptions and correlations for material, heat and energy balances, as well as the adsorption equilibrium are included. This work also addresses the suitable adsorbents to be used to generate oxygen through pressure swing adsorption.

II INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC FORUM ON COMPUTER AND ENERGY SCIENCES (WFCES-II 2021)

Antibiotics are often utilized to treat a variety of microbial diseases which affect high-value f... more Antibiotics are often utilized to treat a variety of microbial diseases which affect high-value fruits and vegetables. Oxytetracycline and streptomycin are the most widely utilized antibiotics on plants today. It was released into the surrounding through wastewater and animal waste of effluents from livestock plants. Due to the increasing use of antibiotics and their insufficient separation from wastewater, low levels of antibiotics; in both original and metabolized forms, have been found in various aquatic components, including surface water, groundwater, effluent from sewage treatment plants seawater, and even potable water. Several methods such as bioremediation, advanced oxidation process, and adsorption are available to treat wastewater. However, all these techniques have significant limitations, such as high operation and maintenance costs, including the formation of by-products that are more toxic than the original pollutants. Adsorption is the simplest, cheapest, and most versatile method for retaining these pollutants. Therefore, this paper aims to review the use of the adsorption process in the removal of antibiotics in wastewater. The finding shows that antibiotic removal best fits a wide variety of isotherm and kinetic models. Subsequently, carbon-based adsorbents such as biochar activated carbon and carbon nanotubes were the best adsorbents to remove the antibiotic. The highest reported show maximum adsorption percentage for an antibiotic is 99% by biochar.

II INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC FORUM ON COMPUTER AND ENERGY SCIENCES (WFCES-II 2021)

Nanoemulsions have been reported as a suitable alternative for potential use in enhanced oil reco... more Nanoemulsions have been reported as a suitable alternative for potential use in enhanced oil recovery (EOR) by reducing the interfacial tension of the oil-water system and altering rock wettability. However, their production can be costly and have unstable colloidal properties. Hence, this work is aimed to produce stable oil-in-water nanoemulsion at a lower cost using refined palm oil and surfactants of Tween 60 and Span 80 in the ratio of 2:1 via ultrasonication method. In this study, response surface methodology (RSM) was used to investigate the effect of surfactant concentration (5-30 mL), sonication time (0-15 min), and sonication power (0-375 W) on droplet size and zeta potential of nanoemulsion as well as an approach to optimize nanoemulsions preparation. The coefficient of determinations for droplets size and zeta potential were 0.8712 and 0.8041, respectively. The optimum conditions for nanoemulsions preparation were 5.0 mL surfactant concentration, 2.9 min sonication time, and 375 W sonication power, which attained nanoemulsion with droplet size of 423.33 nm and zeta potential of-19.37 mV. These results indicate nanoemulsion can be prepared at low cost using refined palm oil within a shorter sonication time and lower sonication power, and it has the potential to be used for EOR application.

II INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC FORUM ON COMPUTER AND ENERGY SCIENCES (WFCES-II 2021)

Phenolic compounds are very toxic if released to the environment through the extensive usage of p... more Phenolic compounds are very toxic if released to the environment through the extensive usage of pesticides in the agriculture sector. This review paper aims to review the adsorption process of phenolic compounds from aqueous media. The preliminary assessment on the uncontrolled application of pesticides containing phenolic compounds confirmed phenolic compounds' health and environmental risk in the aqueous environment. Based on the review, the best adsorbent for the uptake of phenolic compounds is the carbon-based adsorbent. The highest reported adsorption capacity is 1000 mg/g by activated neem leaf. However, the adsorption capacities are varied from 1 to 1000 mg/g and are affected by different parameters: pH, adsorbent dosage, temperature, the phenol's initial concentration, and contact time. Activated carbon-based adsorbent achieves the highest adsorption capacities, followed by synthetic and polymeric resin, and lastly bio-sorbent/wastes.

II INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC FORUM ON COMPUTER AND ENERGY SCIENCES (WFCES-II 2021)

The hydrocarbon production from a well is decreases naturally over time due to the depletion of r... more The hydrocarbon production from a well is decreases naturally over time due to the depletion of reservoir pressure. The pressure then increases by using primary and secondary recoveries. The recovery increases further by an enhanced oil recovery method involving chemicals. Nanoemulsion is employed as a chemical because it effectively reduces the interfacial tension between the surfactant and the oil. This study is aimed at producing stable oil-in-water nanoemulsion at a lower cost using refined palm oil and a combination of typical surfactants (sorbitan monooleate and polyoxyethylene sorbitan monopalmitate). The effect of surfactant concentration (5-30 mL), sonication time (0-30 min), and sonication power (150-750 W) were studied using response surface methodology (RSM) to determine the significant parameters affecting the nanoemulsion synthesis, as well as for formulation optimization. It was found that the optimum conditions to prepare the nanoemulsions were 5 mL, 15 min, and 100 W of surfactant concentration, sonication time, and sonication power, respectively, which attained nanoemulsion with a droplet size of 320.2 nm and zeta potential of-20.6 mV. These results indicate that nanoemulsion can be prepared at a lower cost using refined palm oil. However, the nanoemulsion produced is not stable after five-day storage at room temperature. Therefore, further investigation needs to be carried out to enhance the nanoemulsion stability after synthesizing.

II INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC FORUM ON COMPUTER AND ENERGY SCIENCES (WFCES-II 2021)

Nitrogen is among the essential industrial gases after oxygen and hydrogen commonly obtained thro... more Nitrogen is among the essential industrial gases after oxygen and hydrogen commonly obtained through the air separation process. Air separation is one of the essential gas separation processes in many chemical industries since it accounts for a substantial element of production costs in related sectors. In response to this increasing need, one of the most substantial areas of investigation is the quest for cost-effective and energy-efficient air separation processes. Different technologies for nitrogen generation from the air, such as cryogenic distillation, membrane separation, and pressure swing adsorption (PSA), were discussed. PSA offers various advantages, mainly related to cost, low-energy penalty, environmental impact, and modularity. Since its first invention, the three different configurations of PSA have been distinguished. The dynamic behavior of PSA is well described using the simplified coupled mass, momentum, and energy balances, with some related correlations. Herein, comprehensive correlations were presented for easy reference. As a flexible process and a viable alternative to existing nitrogen generation technologies, we anticipate that the PSA technology will significantly contribute to a wide range of chemical industries in the near future.

International Journal of Chemical Engineering

Composting and anaerobic digestion have emerged as better options for managing food waste and sew... more Composting and anaerobic digestion have emerged as better options for managing food waste and sewage sludge at the campus level. This review highlights the characteristics of food waste and sewage sludge from various global higher education institutions. The composting and anaerobic digestion processes of food waste and sewage sludge will be reviewed and evaluated. Also, the adoption of composting and anaerobic digestion at various campus levels has been reviewed. The challenges and future direction, focusing on managing university campus composting and anaerobic digestion, are discussed as well. This review paper will significantly contribute to the understanding of the potential for managing and handling campus waste in a natural-friendly manner.

Coalescence of stable oil/water emulsion through microporous polyvinylidene fluoride membranes

Chemical Engineering Communications

Removal of Trace Plant Antibiotics from Water Systems by Adsorption: A Review

Chemical Engineering & Technology

Assessment of adsorbent for removing lead (pb) ion in an industrial-scaled packed bed column

Applicability of linear driving force (LDF) mass transfer model for heavy metal biosorption in packed bed column

Materials Today: Proceedings, 2021

Abstract Adsorption technique for industrial effluent treatment as well as recovery of valuable c... more Abstract Adsorption technique for industrial effluent treatment as well as recovery of valuable components have been widely accepted for application. Since then, many researches on adsorption field have been established to investigate the economical yet having high separation efficiency of adsorbent for specific purpose. Biosorbent, for instance have shifted the focused of researches due to their abundant existence that can be easily converted into adsorbent, and some showed promising separation properties. However, the study on the biosorbent adsorption usually limited until the isotherm determination in batch experimental study. The dynamic behaviour of the system requires the experimental set-up in packed bed column, which is primarily controlled by the mass transfer mechanism. Mathematical expression describing the system is very useful as preliminary estimation of the system dynamic behaviour, provided by several input parameters such as isotherm parameters and mass transfer coefficients. Linear driving force (LDF) model approximation has proved its reliability to describe the dynamic behaviour of a system over a wide range of adsorption process. By taking three (3) experiments adsorption system on packed bed, the respective systems were simulated employing LDF approximation to obtain the dynamic behaviour of the system. The breakthrough curves were simulated by using the simplified mathematical model of LDF approximation. It is shown that the predicted LDF approximation give acceptable agreement to the experimental data with error of less than 15%, provided with mass transfer coefficient predicted from correlation. Overall, this work proved that it is possible to accurately determine the behaviour of the system using LDF approximation accompanied with the predicted mass transfer coefficient (MTC) from correlation and accurately determined adsorption isotherm for continuous system. Therefore, the mass transfer approximation is further used for evaluation of industrial-scaled packed bed column.

IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2020

Monoliths are an important technology for filtration, liquid chromatography, and protein purifica... more Monoliths are an important technology for filtration, liquid chromatography, and protein purification. A template commonly uses to produce porous monolith. However, it is a challenge to produce a monolith with a homogenous porous structure due to the arrangements of pores within the monolith are often uneven and sometimes closed, causing pressure to accumulate and increase within the monolith which reduce the efficiency of the monoliths. Therefore, an appropriate template is needed to produce a monolith with homogenous porous structure. Nanofiber is a potential alternative as a template due to its high porosity and interconnectivity. Therefore, this research aimed to investigate the potential of polypropylene melt blown nanofiber fabricated at various operating condition to fabricate monolith by assessing the monolith morphology. Nanofibers templates were produced using a melt blowing technique at various motor speeds, air pressures, and die-to-collector distance (DCD) between 30 an...

Jurnal Teknologi, 2019

The effluent of the palm oil mill is known as palm oil mill effluent (POME) constituting water, o... more The effluent of the palm oil mill is known as palm oil mill effluent (POME) constituting water, oil and solid. Upon discharge from the mill, POME goes into an anaerobic pond system which is not environmentally friendly. The threats, mainly come from the accumulated oil inside the pond. Therefore, this study attempt to find a solution for this problem by using polyurethane nanofiber to sorb the oil from the POME due to its oleophilic and hydrophobic properties. The nanofibers were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), oil sorption capacity, amount of extracted oil of POME and Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) content after sorption. The result shows the nanofibers average diameter is 3.0 ´ 103 nm, about 31.40 g /g oil sorption capacity, 48 % oil extracted from the POME and the BOD content was reduced to 10 mg/l. This result shows that nanofiber sorbent is a viable method to not only protect the environment, but also has the potential for recovery the oil.

Journal of Mechanical Engineering Research and Developments, 2019

The development of oil and gas industries has resulted in environmental issues, such as oil pollu... more The development of oil and gas industries has resulted in environmental issues, such as oil pollution. Oil pollution in a marine environment, poses significant threats to not only coastal marine life, but also to the social economic activities of community living in the nearby areas. The spreading of the oil could be controlled efficiently using sorbents such as nanofiber, due to its high specific surface area, high porosity, small diameter, and small pore sizes properties. Common approach to produce nanofiber is by using electrospinning technique however, this technique has low productivity and requires a post treatment for solvent removal. However, a melt blowing technique is an alternative to electrospinning as it is highly productive and does not require any solvent. The mass production of nanofiber fulfils the demand of the material during an oil spill clean-up operation. Therefore, this review discusses the influence of melt blowing process conditions such as die, polymer, air and collector, on the properties of nanofiber targeted for oil-water separation for the application of oil spill clean-up.

IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2019

Enhanced oil recovery (EOR) is a tertiary method to extract potential oil in a matured well. Emul... more Enhanced oil recovery (EOR) is a tertiary method to extract potential oil in a matured well. Emulsion, which is one EOR method has properties which enable it to recover oil remains in reservoir rocks of the matured well. Nano sized emulsion or nano emulsion able to recover trapped oil, by capillary force in fine pores of the reservoir rock. Nano emulsion reduces the oil-water interfacial tension and therefore changes the wettability of the reservoir rock. However, the nano emulsion is uneconomical and unstable. Therefore, this work aimed to produce nano emulsions by using low cost waste cooking oil, Tween 80 and Span 80. Ultra-sonication was used to reduce the size of the emulsion. The concentration of surfactant, power of ultra-sonication and time of sonication were varied to study the stability of the oil-in-water and size of the emulsion using the Malvern Zetasizer. The nano emulsion was then tested on a crude oil soak meligan formation sand rock to test the performance of the na...

Journal of Applied Membrane Science & Technology, 2018

This work reports the effect of the membrane pore size distribution on the oil droplets size dist... more This work reports the effect of the membrane pore size distribution on the oil droplets size distribution in permeate using the polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes. The sponge-like structures of the PVDF membranes were fabricated via the phase inversion technique using 30% v/v ethanol aqueous solution as coagulation medium. Water and polyethylene glycol (PEG1000) were used as the pore forming additives in the dope solutions. Microfiltration was employed to coalesce the oil droplets at the transmembrane pressure of 2.5 bar. Simulated alkaline-surfactant-polymer (ASP) produced water was tested as the feed solution. Results revealed that the PVDF membranes with sponge-like structure were formed. The additives in the dope solutions have induced the membranes to become thicker due to more porous, spongy and resilient structure. The membrane pore sizes increased with the presence of the additives in the dope solutions especially when larger molecular weight of the additive, i.e., PEG...

Study of operating conditions on fabrication of a kaolin hollow fibre membrane

International Journal of Chemical Engineering, Jan 19, 2023

Oxygen, an odorless and colorless gas constituent of the atmosphere, is a vital gas component for... more Oxygen, an odorless and colorless gas constituent of the atmosphere, is a vital gas component for the Earth, as it makes up 21% of the composition of the air we breathe. Apart from the importance of oxygen for human breathing, its highly pure form is demanding for industrial applications. As such, several technologies have been established to increase the oxygen purity from 21% to somewhat higher than 95%. One of the competitive technologies for producing this high-purity oxygen from the air is through pressure swing adsorption (PSA), which has the advantages of low cost and energy while being highly efcient. Also, PSA is a simple and fexible system due to its ability to start up and shut down more rapidly since its operation occurs at ambient temperature, which is enabled through the use of adsorbents to bind and separate the air molecules. Te enhancement of the PSA's performances was reported through the modifcation of PSA step cycles and material (zeolite) tailoring. A simplifed complete set of a mathematical model is included for modelling the PSA system, aiming to ease the experimental burden of the process design and optimization of an infnite modifcation of PSA step cycles. Finally, some technological importance of oxygen production via PSA, particularly for onboard oxygen generation system and oxy-enriched incineration of municipal solid waste, was discussed. Continuous development of PSA will make signifcant contributions to a wide range of chemical industries in the near future, be it for oxygen production or other gas separation applications.

II INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC FORUM ON COMPUTER AND ENERGY SCIENCES (WFCES-II 2021)

Oil and gas industry contribute to a major energy resource in the world. Depletion of oil and gas... more Oil and gas industry contribute to a major energy resource in the world. Depletion of oil and gas reservoir has attracted researchers on the enhanced oil recovery (EOR) technique to extract the residual oil content in the reservoir after primary and secondary treatment. Since various techniques of EOR are available to be potentially applied, however, nanoemulsion extraction technique has gained attention for further exploration, owing to its favorable properties for EOR, especially in terms of its kinetic stability. Two methods for synthesizing nanoemulsion including low energy and high energy method were discussed. High energy method offers various advantages, mainly related to stability and amount of surfactant, which directly related to cost. Also, the different types of surfactants for nanoemulsion synthesis have been clearly distinguished and the mechanism of nanoemulsion flooding for the EOR has been briefly discussed. Lastly, the compilation of previous research on the application of nanoemulsion for EOR has been outlined.

II INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC FORUM ON COMPUTER AND ENERGY SCIENCES (WFCES-II 2021)

Two types of commercial membranes are investigated to destabilize the oil/water emulsion in this ... more Two types of commercial membranes are investigated to destabilize the oil/water emulsion in this work. One of the membranes is mono-layered membrane made from polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and another one is dual-layered membrane which is a PVDF membrane supported by a fibrous polypropylene (PP) support layer. The membrane area of 17.35 cm 2 was characterized by pore size, thickness and distilled water permeation test, and tested with the synthesized oily water in a crossflow microfiltration system. The fibrous PP support layer embedded on the bottom surface of the PVDF-Synder membrane has significantly reduced the open pore structure and increased the thickness of the membrane. As a result, the water permeation flux of the PVDF-Synder membrane (1.90-8.80 cm 3 /cm 2 min) is slightly lower than that the PVDF-Westran membrane (2.71-9.80 cm 3 /cm 2 min). Compared with the oil droplet radius in the feed solution ranged from 20 to 180 nm, the PVDF-Westran membrane can coalesce the oil droplets up to 0.56 m while the PVDF-Synder membrane can enlarge the oil droplets to approximately 2.8 m. The PVDF-Synder membrane with narrower pore sizes, i.e. at least 50% of the pores are below 0.3 m, exhibited better performance in the oil/water emulsion separation.

II INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC FORUM ON COMPUTER AND ENERGY SCIENCES (WFCES-II 2021)

Oxygen notably has high demand to be used in industrial applications. It is crucial that effectiv... more Oxygen notably has high demand to be used in industrial applications. It is crucial that effective and efficient technology needs to be developed to coping this situation. Generally, oxygen is generated through cryogenic distillation, which requires the air to undergo cooling, compression, and further purification. It can produce almost 99% oxygen purity, but it is cost-intensive and has high energy consumption. Therefore, pressure swing adsorption (PSA) is developed for oxygen production, which has uncomplicated operating principles and is cost-efficient with generating relatively high product purity. In this paper, a brief review of pressure swing adsorption is presented. The usage of oxygen produced through pressure swing adsorption has been reviewed for on-board oxygen generation systems (OBOGS) and oxy-enriched incineration of municipal solid waste (MSW). In addition, assumptions and correlations for material, heat and energy balances, as well as the adsorption equilibrium are included. This work also addresses the suitable adsorbents to be used to generate oxygen through pressure swing adsorption.

II INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC FORUM ON COMPUTER AND ENERGY SCIENCES (WFCES-II 2021)

Antibiotics are often utilized to treat a variety of microbial diseases which affect high-value f... more Antibiotics are often utilized to treat a variety of microbial diseases which affect high-value fruits and vegetables. Oxytetracycline and streptomycin are the most widely utilized antibiotics on plants today. It was released into the surrounding through wastewater and animal waste of effluents from livestock plants. Due to the increasing use of antibiotics and their insufficient separation from wastewater, low levels of antibiotics; in both original and metabolized forms, have been found in various aquatic components, including surface water, groundwater, effluent from sewage treatment plants seawater, and even potable water. Several methods such as bioremediation, advanced oxidation process, and adsorption are available to treat wastewater. However, all these techniques have significant limitations, such as high operation and maintenance costs, including the formation of by-products that are more toxic than the original pollutants. Adsorption is the simplest, cheapest, and most versatile method for retaining these pollutants. Therefore, this paper aims to review the use of the adsorption process in the removal of antibiotics in wastewater. The finding shows that antibiotic removal best fits a wide variety of isotherm and kinetic models. Subsequently, carbon-based adsorbents such as biochar activated carbon and carbon nanotubes were the best adsorbents to remove the antibiotic. The highest reported show maximum adsorption percentage for an antibiotic is 99% by biochar.

II INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC FORUM ON COMPUTER AND ENERGY SCIENCES (WFCES-II 2021)

Nanoemulsions have been reported as a suitable alternative for potential use in enhanced oil reco... more Nanoemulsions have been reported as a suitable alternative for potential use in enhanced oil recovery (EOR) by reducing the interfacial tension of the oil-water system and altering rock wettability. However, their production can be costly and have unstable colloidal properties. Hence, this work is aimed to produce stable oil-in-water nanoemulsion at a lower cost using refined palm oil and surfactants of Tween 60 and Span 80 in the ratio of 2:1 via ultrasonication method. In this study, response surface methodology (RSM) was used to investigate the effect of surfactant concentration (5-30 mL), sonication time (0-15 min), and sonication power (0-375 W) on droplet size and zeta potential of nanoemulsion as well as an approach to optimize nanoemulsions preparation. The coefficient of determinations for droplets size and zeta potential were 0.8712 and 0.8041, respectively. The optimum conditions for nanoemulsions preparation were 5.0 mL surfactant concentration, 2.9 min sonication time, and 375 W sonication power, which attained nanoemulsion with droplet size of 423.33 nm and zeta potential of-19.37 mV. These results indicate nanoemulsion can be prepared at low cost using refined palm oil within a shorter sonication time and lower sonication power, and it has the potential to be used for EOR application.

II INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC FORUM ON COMPUTER AND ENERGY SCIENCES (WFCES-II 2021)

Phenolic compounds are very toxic if released to the environment through the extensive usage of p... more Phenolic compounds are very toxic if released to the environment through the extensive usage of pesticides in the agriculture sector. This review paper aims to review the adsorption process of phenolic compounds from aqueous media. The preliminary assessment on the uncontrolled application of pesticides containing phenolic compounds confirmed phenolic compounds' health and environmental risk in the aqueous environment. Based on the review, the best adsorbent for the uptake of phenolic compounds is the carbon-based adsorbent. The highest reported adsorption capacity is 1000 mg/g by activated neem leaf. However, the adsorption capacities are varied from 1 to 1000 mg/g and are affected by different parameters: pH, adsorbent dosage, temperature, the phenol's initial concentration, and contact time. Activated carbon-based adsorbent achieves the highest adsorption capacities, followed by synthetic and polymeric resin, and lastly bio-sorbent/wastes.

II INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC FORUM ON COMPUTER AND ENERGY SCIENCES (WFCES-II 2021)

The hydrocarbon production from a well is decreases naturally over time due to the depletion of r... more The hydrocarbon production from a well is decreases naturally over time due to the depletion of reservoir pressure. The pressure then increases by using primary and secondary recoveries. The recovery increases further by an enhanced oil recovery method involving chemicals. Nanoemulsion is employed as a chemical because it effectively reduces the interfacial tension between the surfactant and the oil. This study is aimed at producing stable oil-in-water nanoemulsion at a lower cost using refined palm oil and a combination of typical surfactants (sorbitan monooleate and polyoxyethylene sorbitan monopalmitate). The effect of surfactant concentration (5-30 mL), sonication time (0-30 min), and sonication power (150-750 W) were studied using response surface methodology (RSM) to determine the significant parameters affecting the nanoemulsion synthesis, as well as for formulation optimization. It was found that the optimum conditions to prepare the nanoemulsions were 5 mL, 15 min, and 100 W of surfactant concentration, sonication time, and sonication power, respectively, which attained nanoemulsion with a droplet size of 320.2 nm and zeta potential of-20.6 mV. These results indicate that nanoemulsion can be prepared at a lower cost using refined palm oil. However, the nanoemulsion produced is not stable after five-day storage at room temperature. Therefore, further investigation needs to be carried out to enhance the nanoemulsion stability after synthesizing.

II INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC FORUM ON COMPUTER AND ENERGY SCIENCES (WFCES-II 2021)

Nitrogen is among the essential industrial gases after oxygen and hydrogen commonly obtained thro... more Nitrogen is among the essential industrial gases after oxygen and hydrogen commonly obtained through the air separation process. Air separation is one of the essential gas separation processes in many chemical industries since it accounts for a substantial element of production costs in related sectors. In response to this increasing need, one of the most substantial areas of investigation is the quest for cost-effective and energy-efficient air separation processes. Different technologies for nitrogen generation from the air, such as cryogenic distillation, membrane separation, and pressure swing adsorption (PSA), were discussed. PSA offers various advantages, mainly related to cost, low-energy penalty, environmental impact, and modularity. Since its first invention, the three different configurations of PSA have been distinguished. The dynamic behavior of PSA is well described using the simplified coupled mass, momentum, and energy balances, with some related correlations. Herein, comprehensive correlations were presented for easy reference. As a flexible process and a viable alternative to existing nitrogen generation technologies, we anticipate that the PSA technology will significantly contribute to a wide range of chemical industries in the near future.

International Journal of Chemical Engineering

Composting and anaerobic digestion have emerged as better options for managing food waste and sew... more Composting and anaerobic digestion have emerged as better options for managing food waste and sewage sludge at the campus level. This review highlights the characteristics of food waste and sewage sludge from various global higher education institutions. The composting and anaerobic digestion processes of food waste and sewage sludge will be reviewed and evaluated. Also, the adoption of composting and anaerobic digestion at various campus levels has been reviewed. The challenges and future direction, focusing on managing university campus composting and anaerobic digestion, are discussed as well. This review paper will significantly contribute to the understanding of the potential for managing and handling campus waste in a natural-friendly manner.

Coalescence of stable oil/water emulsion through microporous polyvinylidene fluoride membranes

Chemical Engineering Communications

Removal of Trace Plant Antibiotics from Water Systems by Adsorption: A Review

Chemical Engineering & Technology

Assessment of adsorbent for removing lead (pb) ion in an industrial-scaled packed bed column

Applicability of linear driving force (LDF) mass transfer model for heavy metal biosorption in packed bed column

Materials Today: Proceedings, 2021

Abstract Adsorption technique for industrial effluent treatment as well as recovery of valuable c... more Abstract Adsorption technique for industrial effluent treatment as well as recovery of valuable components have been widely accepted for application. Since then, many researches on adsorption field have been established to investigate the economical yet having high separation efficiency of adsorbent for specific purpose. Biosorbent, for instance have shifted the focused of researches due to their abundant existence that can be easily converted into adsorbent, and some showed promising separation properties. However, the study on the biosorbent adsorption usually limited until the isotherm determination in batch experimental study. The dynamic behaviour of the system requires the experimental set-up in packed bed column, which is primarily controlled by the mass transfer mechanism. Mathematical expression describing the system is very useful as preliminary estimation of the system dynamic behaviour, provided by several input parameters such as isotherm parameters and mass transfer coefficients. Linear driving force (LDF) model approximation has proved its reliability to describe the dynamic behaviour of a system over a wide range of adsorption process. By taking three (3) experiments adsorption system on packed bed, the respective systems were simulated employing LDF approximation to obtain the dynamic behaviour of the system. The breakthrough curves were simulated by using the simplified mathematical model of LDF approximation. It is shown that the predicted LDF approximation give acceptable agreement to the experimental data with error of less than 15%, provided with mass transfer coefficient predicted from correlation. Overall, this work proved that it is possible to accurately determine the behaviour of the system using LDF approximation accompanied with the predicted mass transfer coefficient (MTC) from correlation and accurately determined adsorption isotherm for continuous system. Therefore, the mass transfer approximation is further used for evaluation of industrial-scaled packed bed column.

IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2020

Monoliths are an important technology for filtration, liquid chromatography, and protein purifica... more Monoliths are an important technology for filtration, liquid chromatography, and protein purification. A template commonly uses to produce porous monolith. However, it is a challenge to produce a monolith with a homogenous porous structure due to the arrangements of pores within the monolith are often uneven and sometimes closed, causing pressure to accumulate and increase within the monolith which reduce the efficiency of the monoliths. Therefore, an appropriate template is needed to produce a monolith with homogenous porous structure. Nanofiber is a potential alternative as a template due to its high porosity and interconnectivity. Therefore, this research aimed to investigate the potential of polypropylene melt blown nanofiber fabricated at various operating condition to fabricate monolith by assessing the monolith morphology. Nanofibers templates were produced using a melt blowing technique at various motor speeds, air pressures, and die-to-collector distance (DCD) between 30 an...

Jurnal Teknologi, 2019

The effluent of the palm oil mill is known as palm oil mill effluent (POME) constituting water, o... more The effluent of the palm oil mill is known as palm oil mill effluent (POME) constituting water, oil and solid. Upon discharge from the mill, POME goes into an anaerobic pond system which is not environmentally friendly. The threats, mainly come from the accumulated oil inside the pond. Therefore, this study attempt to find a solution for this problem by using polyurethane nanofiber to sorb the oil from the POME due to its oleophilic and hydrophobic properties. The nanofibers were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), oil sorption capacity, amount of extracted oil of POME and Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) content after sorption. The result shows the nanofibers average diameter is 3.0 ´ 103 nm, about 31.40 g /g oil sorption capacity, 48 % oil extracted from the POME and the BOD content was reduced to 10 mg/l. This result shows that nanofiber sorbent is a viable method to not only protect the environment, but also has the potential for recovery the oil.

Journal of Mechanical Engineering Research and Developments, 2019

The development of oil and gas industries has resulted in environmental issues, such as oil pollu... more The development of oil and gas industries has resulted in environmental issues, such as oil pollution. Oil pollution in a marine environment, poses significant threats to not only coastal marine life, but also to the social economic activities of community living in the nearby areas. The spreading of the oil could be controlled efficiently using sorbents such as nanofiber, due to its high specific surface area, high porosity, small diameter, and small pore sizes properties. Common approach to produce nanofiber is by using electrospinning technique however, this technique has low productivity and requires a post treatment for solvent removal. However, a melt blowing technique is an alternative to electrospinning as it is highly productive and does not require any solvent. The mass production of nanofiber fulfils the demand of the material during an oil spill clean-up operation. Therefore, this review discusses the influence of melt blowing process conditions such as die, polymer, air and collector, on the properties of nanofiber targeted for oil-water separation for the application of oil spill clean-up.

IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2019

Enhanced oil recovery (EOR) is a tertiary method to extract potential oil in a matured well. Emul... more Enhanced oil recovery (EOR) is a tertiary method to extract potential oil in a matured well. Emulsion, which is one EOR method has properties which enable it to recover oil remains in reservoir rocks of the matured well. Nano sized emulsion or nano emulsion able to recover trapped oil, by capillary force in fine pores of the reservoir rock. Nano emulsion reduces the oil-water interfacial tension and therefore changes the wettability of the reservoir rock. However, the nano emulsion is uneconomical and unstable. Therefore, this work aimed to produce nano emulsions by using low cost waste cooking oil, Tween 80 and Span 80. Ultra-sonication was used to reduce the size of the emulsion. The concentration of surfactant, power of ultra-sonication and time of sonication were varied to study the stability of the oil-in-water and size of the emulsion using the Malvern Zetasizer. The nano emulsion was then tested on a crude oil soak meligan formation sand rock to test the performance of the na...

Journal of Applied Membrane Science & Technology, 2018

This work reports the effect of the membrane pore size distribution on the oil droplets size dist... more This work reports the effect of the membrane pore size distribution on the oil droplets size distribution in permeate using the polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes. The sponge-like structures of the PVDF membranes were fabricated via the phase inversion technique using 30% v/v ethanol aqueous solution as coagulation medium. Water and polyethylene glycol (PEG1000) were used as the pore forming additives in the dope solutions. Microfiltration was employed to coalesce the oil droplets at the transmembrane pressure of 2.5 bar. Simulated alkaline-surfactant-polymer (ASP) produced water was tested as the feed solution. Results revealed that the PVDF membranes with sponge-like structure were formed. The additives in the dope solutions have induced the membranes to become thicker due to more porous, spongy and resilient structure. The membrane pore sizes increased with the presence of the additives in the dope solutions especially when larger molecular weight of the additive, i.e., PEG...