mohammad rezaei | Hamadan Medical sciences University (original) (raw)
Papers by mohammad rezaei
مجله پژوهش در علوم توانبخشی, 2013
Introduction: Speech production involves planning, programming and implementation phases for whic... more Introduction: Speech production involves planning, programming and implementation phases for which several specific regions of cerebrum are responsible. Deficits in these steps can be manifested in disorders of speech production and Diadochokinesis. Diadochokinetic tasks are used in assessment and management of speech disorders such as dysarthria and cerebella impairments. The aim of this research was to assess and determine Diadochokinetic performances of 7 to 9-year-old students studying at primary schools of Kermanshah, Iran. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive and analytic study, 210 students (105 females, 105 males) were randomly recruited from the elementary schools of Kermanshah province and then were equally divided into three age groups (7, 8 and 9-year olds). Students had to repeat one syllable consisting of a consonant and a vowel twenty times to determine their production rate. Results: The result showed that the average times of repeating one syll...
Word finding difficulty is a known impairments in multiple sclerosis (MS). The purpose of this st... more Word finding difficulty is a known impairments in multiple sclerosis (MS). The purpose of this study is to adapt homophone meaning generation test to Persian language, and then examine word storage and access in multiple sclerosis patients through these three word-finding tests. This study examined the word retrieval in 90 Persian speaking patients with multiple sclerosis and 90 matched healthy controls through three tasks: semantic fluency, phonemic fluency, and homophonic meaning generation. The Persian homophone meaning generation test had a strong convergent validity with semantic and phonemic switching and an adequate divergent validity with semantic and phonemic clustering. There was a significant difference between two groups in all three tests (p<0.001) except semantic and phonetic clustering (p≥ 0.05). Multiple sclerosis is a disease affecting word access, but not the word storage, and Persian homophone meaning generation test is an appropriate, valid, and reliable test ...
Journal of Biology and Today's World, 2014
ABSTRACT Feeding is an essential function which affects life quality of children with autism spec... more ABSTRACT Feeding is an essential function which affects life quality of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Approximately, 80% of the ASD patients have some feeding difficulties. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of behavioral feeding problems in ASD. In this cross-sectional descriptive study, 30 individuals with ASD referred to speech and language pathology clinic were included using random sampling. To gather the data, Screening Tool of feeding Problems (STEP) was used. Data analysis was done through SPSS. The findings of the study indicated that all subjects were somehow involved with behavioral feeding problems Findings indicate that in autism children, behavioral feeding problems were prevalent. These problems will be treated by opportune identification. Key words: Nutrition, Behavioral problems, Autism spectrum disorder, Screening Tool of feeding Problems
Journal of Audiology and Otology, 2017
The aim of present study is to evaluate and compare speech intelligibility in hearing impaired ch... more The aim of present study is to evaluate and compare speech intelligibility in hearing impaired children with cochlear implants (CI) and hearing aid (HA) users and children with normal hearing (NH). The sample consisted of 45 Persian-speaking children aged 3 to 5-years-old. They were divided into three groups, and each group had 15, children, children with CI and children using hearing aids in Hamadan. Participants was evaluated by the test of speech intelligibility level. Results of ANOVA on speech intelligibility test showed that NH children had significantly better reading performance than hearing impaired children with CI and HA. Post-hoc analysis, using Scheffe test, indicated that the mean score of speech intelligibility of normal children was higher than the HA and CI groups; but the difference was not significant between mean of speech intelligibility in children with hearing loss that use cochlear implant and those using HA. It is clear that even with remarkabkle advances in HA technology, many hearing impaired children continue to find speech production a challenging problem. Given that speech intelligibility is a key element in proper communication and social interaction, consequently, educational and rehabilitation programs are essential to improve speech intelligibility of children with hearing loss.
Journal of Audiology & Otology, 2016
Background and Objectives: This paper aimed at evaluating the characteristics of highfrequency (1... more Background and Objectives: This paper aimed at evaluating the characteristics of highfrequency (1,000 Hz) acoustic admittance (ya) for the neonates with transient evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAE) as either pass or refer group. Subjects and Methods: Using a 1,000 Hz probe tone, 297neonates (152 male, 145 female aged 0-104 days old) were evaluated. Tympanometric parameters admittance value at +200 dapa, middle ear admittance, and tympanometric peak pressure were calculated for each tympanogram. Results: The mean of ya was 0.9678 mmho in the TEOAE for the pass group and 0.7229 mmho in the refer group. The mean of acoustic admittance at +200 (y200) was 2.0657 in the TEOAE for the pass group and 1.7191 for the refer group. The mean of Tpp was 23/8591 in the TEOAE for the pass group and 59/7619 for the refer group. Conclusions: There were significant differences in the distribution of different types of tympanograms, the mean of ya, tympanic peak pressure, and y200 between the TEOAEs for the pass and the refer groups.
Indian Journal of Otology, 2016
In most children, learning and using a language is totally depended on hearing ability, especiall... more In most children, learning and using a language is totally depended on hearing ability, especially in initial stages of life. [1] Hearing loss can be categorized as mild (26-40 dB),
Journal of psycholinguistic research, Jan 28, 2016
Speech disfluency in children can be increased or decreased depending on the type of linguistic t... more Speech disfluency in children can be increased or decreased depending on the type of linguistic task presented to them. In this study, the effect of sentence imitation and sentence modeling on severity of speech disfluencies in preschool children with stuttering is investigated. In this cross-sectional descriptive analytical study, 58 children with stuttering (29 with mild stuttering and 29 with moderate stuttering) and 58 typical children aged between 4 and 6 years old participated. The severity of speech disfluencies was assessed by SSI-3 and TOCS before and after offering each task. In boys with mild stuttering, The mean stuttering severity scores in two tasks of sentence imitation and sentence modeling were [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] respectively ([Formula: see text]). But, in boys with moderate stuttering the stuttering severity in the both tasks were [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] respectively ([Formula: see text]). In girls with mild stuttering, ...
Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 2014
Accumulating studies are documenting specific motivational variables that, when combined into a n... more Accumulating studies are documenting specific motivational variables that, when combined into a naturalistic teaching paradigm, can positively influence the effectiveness of interventions for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The purpose of this study was to compare two applied behavior analysis (ABA) intervention procedures, a naturalistic approach, pivotal response treatment (PRT) with a structured ABA approach in a school setting. A randomized clinical trial design using two groups of children, matched according to age, sex and mean length of utterance was used to compare the interventions. The data showed that the PRT approach was significantly more effective in improving targeted and untargeted areas after 3 months of intervention. The results are discussed in terms of variables that produce more rapid improvements in communication for children with ASD.
Background and Aim: Phonological processing skills include the abilities to restore, retrieve and... more Background and Aim: Phonological processing skills include the abilities to restore, retrieve and use memorized phonological codes. The purpose of this research is to compare and evaluate phonological processing skills in 6-7 year old blind and sighted Persian speakers in Tehran, Iran. Methods: This research is an analysis-comparison study. The subjects were 24 blind and 24 sighted children. The evaluation test of reading and writing disorders in primary school students, linguistic and cognitive abilities test, and the naming subtest of the aphasia evaluation test were used as research tools. Results: Sighted children were found to perform better on phoneme recognition of nonwords and flower naming subtests; and the difference was significant (p<0.001). Blind children performed better in words and sentence memory; the difference was significant (p<0.001). There were no significant differences in other subtests. Conclusion: Blind children's better performance in memory tasks is due to the fact that they have powerful auditory memory.
Background and Objectives: Verbal fluency performance investigated the ability of producing words,... more Background and Objectives: Verbal fluency performance investigated the ability of producing words, conscious mental process and generally, the ability to make verbal communication. In different studies, phonological fluency tasks have significant relationship with variables such as age, gender and level of education. This research tries to investigate phonological fluency and its relationship with levels of education as well as gender in Persian language. Method: The present study was done in cross- sectional approach. The subjects of this study were 290 typical persian speaking individuals with ages range from 12 to 18. They were divided in seven age groups who did not have any prior neurological, psychological and sensory disorders. Data collecting was performed through verbal fluency tests. An independent T-test and ANOVA were performed for data analysis. Results: According to obtained result from statistical tests in this research, there was significant difference between the age and level of education on one hand and mean performance of phonological fluency on other hand )P<0.005 (. Moreover, this significant difference is existed between the mean of performance and number of phonological fluency transfers in both boys and girls. Conclusions: Individuals with low education scored less in all studied area except clustering. It indicates, there is lower mental screening among the less educated people.
Background and Aim: Hearing impairment in critical period of speech and language development is c... more Background and Aim: Hearing impairment in critical period of speech and language development is caused defects in oral and written language. The aim of this study is to use a test for comparing the reading skills of elementary fifth grade hearing and moderately severe hearing loss students in public schools. Materials and Methods: In this cross sectional study, 10 hearing impaired children selected from the total number of fifth grade moderately severe hearing loss students' community (public schools) based on the inclusion criteria and compared with 10 hearing children that were matched according to grade, as a control group. In order to gather the data, reading and writing tests for school students was used. Data analysis was done through SPSS-16. Results: The findings indicated that hearing impaired children on auditory discrimination skills (P=0.001), word auditory memory (P=0.034) sentence auditory memory (P<0.001), phonological blending (P=0.034), phonological segmentation (P=0.012) and text reading comprehension (P=0.044) were significantly weaker than the control group, but they had similar function in other skills. Conclusion: Children with hearing impairment have the same function in tasks based on visual processing to normal children, whereas, in tasks based on auditory and phonological processing are weaker than them.
Cochlear implantation has significant effects on language abilities and reading skills. The curre... more Cochlear implantation has significant effects on language abilities and reading skills. The current study compared the reading performance of children with cochlear implants with that of typically developing children in second and third grades. This descriptive-analytic study was performed including 24 children with cochlear implants and 24 typically developing peers. The grade range of the participants was second and third grades. All of students were selected from Tehran city elementary schools. The reading performance of children was assessed by the &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Nama&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; reading test. The results showed that the means of reading scores of typically developed children were significantly greater than the children with cochlear implants (P &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.01) and there was a significant relationship between reading skills and age of surgery (P &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.05). Also, there was a significant relationship between reading skills and the period of cochlear implantation (P &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.05). Children with cochlear implants showed a weak performance in reading skills in comparison to typically developing children due to lower accessibility to phonological information. However, this limitation can be compensated for partly by early surgery. Parents should refer their deaf children for cochlear implantation before the age of language learning.
Children (Basel, Switzerland), Jan 30, 2018
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of combined risperidone (RIS) ... more Abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of combined risperidone (RIS) and pivotal response treatment (PRT) on children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). A total of 34 children diagnosed with ASD according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition (DSM-V) (mean age of 12.36 years) were randomly assigned to either of two groups; the first group (n = 17) received combined PRT-RIS while the second group (n = 17) received RIS only. Behavioral problems were evaluated with the Aberrant Behavior Checklist (ABC), whereas global improvement (GI) was measured with the Clinical Global Impressions (CGI). Assessment of ABC was performed before intervention, after intervention (12 weeks), and following 3 months of the intervention (follow-up). Total ABC scores were seen to decrease in both groups after 3 months, as compared with the scores prior to the interventions. Also, in both groups, mean scores of behavioral problems after the i...
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of combined risperidone (RIS) and pivota... more The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of combined risperidone (RIS) and pivotal response treatment (PRT) on children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). A total of 34 children diagnosed with ASD according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition (DSM-V) (mean age of 12.36 years) were randomly assigned to either of two groups; the first group (n = 17) received combined PRT–RIS while the second group (n = 17) received RIS only. Behavioral problems were evaluated with the Aberrant Behavior Checklist (ABC), whereas global improvement (GI) was measured with the Clinical Global Impressions (CGI). Assessment of ABC was performed before intervention, after intervention (12 weeks), and following 3 months of the intervention (follow-up). Total ABC scores were seen to decrease in both groups after 3 months, as compared with the scores prior to the interventions. Also, in both groups, mean scores of behavioral problems after the intervention were not significantly different from those prior to the intervention, in all subscales but the inappropriate speech (p < 0.001). However, both groups showed significant differences in mean scores of ABC subscales in both of the post-intervention evaluation stages. It was concluded that the combination of behavioral and drug interventions can further improve behavioral problems, ultimately improving patient's communication and social skills.
Word finding difficulty is a known impairments in multiple sclerosis (MS). The purpose of this st... more Word finding difficulty is a known impairments in multiple sclerosis (MS). The purpose of this study is to adapt homophone meaning generation test to Persian language, and then examine word storage and access in multiple sclerosis patients through these three word-finding tests. This study examined the word retrieval in 90 Persian speaking patients with multiple sclerosis and 90 matched healthy controls through three tasks: semantic fluency, phonemic fluency, and homophonic meaning generation. The Persian homophone meaning generation test had a strong convergent validity with semantic and phonemic switching and an adequate divergent validity with semantic and phonemic clustering. There was a significant difference between two groups in all three tests (p<0.001) except semantic and phonetic clustering (p≥ 0.05). Multiple sclerosis is a disease affecting word access, but not the word storage, and Persian homophone meaning generation test is an appropriate, valid, and reliable test to evaluate word-finding difficulties in this population.
Accumulating studies are documenting specific motivational variables that, when combined into a n... more Accumulating studies are documenting specific motivational variables that, when combined into a naturalistic teaching paradigm, can positively influence the effectiveness of interventions for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The purpose of this study was to compare two ABA intervention procedures, a naturalistic approach, Pivotal Response Treatment (PRT) with a structured ABA approach in a school setting. A Randomized Clinical Trial design using two groups of children, matched according to age, sex and mean length of utterance was used to compare the interventions. The data showed that the PRT approach was significantly more effective in improving targeted and untargeted areas after three months of intervention. The results are discussed in terms of variables that produce more rapid improvements in communication for children with ASD.
Children with autism often demonstrate disruptive behaviors during demanding teaching tasks. Lang... more Children with autism often demonstrate disruptive behaviors during demanding teaching tasks. Language intervention can be particularly difficult as it involves social and communicative areas, which are challenging for this population. The purpose of this study was to compare two intervention conditions, a naturalistic approach, Pivotal Response Treatment (PRT) with a structured ABA approach on disruptive behavior during language intervention in the public schools. A Randomized Clinical Trial (RCT) design was used with two groups of children, matched according to age, sex and mean length of utterance. The data showed that the children demonstrated significantly lower levels of disruptive behavior during the PRT condition. The results are discussed with respect to antecedent manipulations that may be helpful in reducing disruptive behavior.
Journal of Rehabilitation, Jul 15, 2013
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International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, 2016
Reading skills are necessary for educational development in children. Many studies have shown tha... more Reading skills are necessary for educational development in children. Many studies have shown that children with hearing loss often experience delays in reading. This study aimed to examine reading skills of Persian deaf children with cochlear implant and hearing aid and compare them with normal hearing counterparts. The sample consisted of 72 s and third grade Persian-speaking children aged 8-12 years. They were divided into three equal groups including 24 children with cochlear implant (CI), 24 children with hearing aid (HA), and 24 children with normal hearing (NH). Reading performance of participants was evaluated by the &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Nama&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; reading test. &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Nama&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; provides normative data for hearing and deaf children and consists of 10 subtests and the sum of the scores is regarded as reading performance score. Results of ANOVA on reading test showed that NH children had significantly better reading performance than deaf children with CI and HA in both grades (P &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.001). Post-hoc analysis, using Tukey test, indicated that there was no significant difference between HA and CI groups in terms of non-word reading, word reading, and word comprehension skills (respectively, P = 0.976, P = 0.988, P = 0.998). Considering the findings, cochlear implantation is not significantly more effective than hearing aid for improvement of reading abilities. It is clear that even with considerable advances in hearing aid technology, many deaf children continue to find literacy a challenging struggle.
مجله پژوهش در علوم توانبخشی, 2013
Introduction: Speech production involves planning, programming and implementation phases for whic... more Introduction: Speech production involves planning, programming and implementation phases for which several specific regions of cerebrum are responsible. Deficits in these steps can be manifested in disorders of speech production and Diadochokinesis. Diadochokinetic tasks are used in assessment and management of speech disorders such as dysarthria and cerebella impairments. The aim of this research was to assess and determine Diadochokinetic performances of 7 to 9-year-old students studying at primary schools of Kermanshah, Iran. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive and analytic study, 210 students (105 females, 105 males) were randomly recruited from the elementary schools of Kermanshah province and then were equally divided into three age groups (7, 8 and 9-year olds). Students had to repeat one syllable consisting of a consonant and a vowel twenty times to determine their production rate. Results: The result showed that the average times of repeating one syll...
Word finding difficulty is a known impairments in multiple sclerosis (MS). The purpose of this st... more Word finding difficulty is a known impairments in multiple sclerosis (MS). The purpose of this study is to adapt homophone meaning generation test to Persian language, and then examine word storage and access in multiple sclerosis patients through these three word-finding tests. This study examined the word retrieval in 90 Persian speaking patients with multiple sclerosis and 90 matched healthy controls through three tasks: semantic fluency, phonemic fluency, and homophonic meaning generation. The Persian homophone meaning generation test had a strong convergent validity with semantic and phonemic switching and an adequate divergent validity with semantic and phonemic clustering. There was a significant difference between two groups in all three tests (p<0.001) except semantic and phonetic clustering (p≥ 0.05). Multiple sclerosis is a disease affecting word access, but not the word storage, and Persian homophone meaning generation test is an appropriate, valid, and reliable test ...
Journal of Biology and Today's World, 2014
ABSTRACT Feeding is an essential function which affects life quality of children with autism spec... more ABSTRACT Feeding is an essential function which affects life quality of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Approximately, 80% of the ASD patients have some feeding difficulties. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of behavioral feeding problems in ASD. In this cross-sectional descriptive study, 30 individuals with ASD referred to speech and language pathology clinic were included using random sampling. To gather the data, Screening Tool of feeding Problems (STEP) was used. Data analysis was done through SPSS. The findings of the study indicated that all subjects were somehow involved with behavioral feeding problems Findings indicate that in autism children, behavioral feeding problems were prevalent. These problems will be treated by opportune identification. Key words: Nutrition, Behavioral problems, Autism spectrum disorder, Screening Tool of feeding Problems
Journal of Audiology and Otology, 2017
The aim of present study is to evaluate and compare speech intelligibility in hearing impaired ch... more The aim of present study is to evaluate and compare speech intelligibility in hearing impaired children with cochlear implants (CI) and hearing aid (HA) users and children with normal hearing (NH). The sample consisted of 45 Persian-speaking children aged 3 to 5-years-old. They were divided into three groups, and each group had 15, children, children with CI and children using hearing aids in Hamadan. Participants was evaluated by the test of speech intelligibility level. Results of ANOVA on speech intelligibility test showed that NH children had significantly better reading performance than hearing impaired children with CI and HA. Post-hoc analysis, using Scheffe test, indicated that the mean score of speech intelligibility of normal children was higher than the HA and CI groups; but the difference was not significant between mean of speech intelligibility in children with hearing loss that use cochlear implant and those using HA. It is clear that even with remarkabkle advances in HA technology, many hearing impaired children continue to find speech production a challenging problem. Given that speech intelligibility is a key element in proper communication and social interaction, consequently, educational and rehabilitation programs are essential to improve speech intelligibility of children with hearing loss.
Journal of Audiology & Otology, 2016
Background and Objectives: This paper aimed at evaluating the characteristics of highfrequency (1... more Background and Objectives: This paper aimed at evaluating the characteristics of highfrequency (1,000 Hz) acoustic admittance (ya) for the neonates with transient evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAE) as either pass or refer group. Subjects and Methods: Using a 1,000 Hz probe tone, 297neonates (152 male, 145 female aged 0-104 days old) were evaluated. Tympanometric parameters admittance value at +200 dapa, middle ear admittance, and tympanometric peak pressure were calculated for each tympanogram. Results: The mean of ya was 0.9678 mmho in the TEOAE for the pass group and 0.7229 mmho in the refer group. The mean of acoustic admittance at +200 (y200) was 2.0657 in the TEOAE for the pass group and 1.7191 for the refer group. The mean of Tpp was 23/8591 in the TEOAE for the pass group and 59/7619 for the refer group. Conclusions: There were significant differences in the distribution of different types of tympanograms, the mean of ya, tympanic peak pressure, and y200 between the TEOAEs for the pass and the refer groups.
Indian Journal of Otology, 2016
In most children, learning and using a language is totally depended on hearing ability, especiall... more In most children, learning and using a language is totally depended on hearing ability, especially in initial stages of life. [1] Hearing loss can be categorized as mild (26-40 dB),
Journal of psycholinguistic research, Jan 28, 2016
Speech disfluency in children can be increased or decreased depending on the type of linguistic t... more Speech disfluency in children can be increased or decreased depending on the type of linguistic task presented to them. In this study, the effect of sentence imitation and sentence modeling on severity of speech disfluencies in preschool children with stuttering is investigated. In this cross-sectional descriptive analytical study, 58 children with stuttering (29 with mild stuttering and 29 with moderate stuttering) and 58 typical children aged between 4 and 6 years old participated. The severity of speech disfluencies was assessed by SSI-3 and TOCS before and after offering each task. In boys with mild stuttering, The mean stuttering severity scores in two tasks of sentence imitation and sentence modeling were [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] respectively ([Formula: see text]). But, in boys with moderate stuttering the stuttering severity in the both tasks were [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] respectively ([Formula: see text]). In girls with mild stuttering, ...
Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 2014
Accumulating studies are documenting specific motivational variables that, when combined into a n... more Accumulating studies are documenting specific motivational variables that, when combined into a naturalistic teaching paradigm, can positively influence the effectiveness of interventions for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The purpose of this study was to compare two applied behavior analysis (ABA) intervention procedures, a naturalistic approach, pivotal response treatment (PRT) with a structured ABA approach in a school setting. A randomized clinical trial design using two groups of children, matched according to age, sex and mean length of utterance was used to compare the interventions. The data showed that the PRT approach was significantly more effective in improving targeted and untargeted areas after 3 months of intervention. The results are discussed in terms of variables that produce more rapid improvements in communication for children with ASD.
Background and Aim: Phonological processing skills include the abilities to restore, retrieve and... more Background and Aim: Phonological processing skills include the abilities to restore, retrieve and use memorized phonological codes. The purpose of this research is to compare and evaluate phonological processing skills in 6-7 year old blind and sighted Persian speakers in Tehran, Iran. Methods: This research is an analysis-comparison study. The subjects were 24 blind and 24 sighted children. The evaluation test of reading and writing disorders in primary school students, linguistic and cognitive abilities test, and the naming subtest of the aphasia evaluation test were used as research tools. Results: Sighted children were found to perform better on phoneme recognition of nonwords and flower naming subtests; and the difference was significant (p<0.001). Blind children performed better in words and sentence memory; the difference was significant (p<0.001). There were no significant differences in other subtests. Conclusion: Blind children's better performance in memory tasks is due to the fact that they have powerful auditory memory.
Background and Objectives: Verbal fluency performance investigated the ability of producing words,... more Background and Objectives: Verbal fluency performance investigated the ability of producing words, conscious mental process and generally, the ability to make verbal communication. In different studies, phonological fluency tasks have significant relationship with variables such as age, gender and level of education. This research tries to investigate phonological fluency and its relationship with levels of education as well as gender in Persian language. Method: The present study was done in cross- sectional approach. The subjects of this study were 290 typical persian speaking individuals with ages range from 12 to 18. They were divided in seven age groups who did not have any prior neurological, psychological and sensory disorders. Data collecting was performed through verbal fluency tests. An independent T-test and ANOVA were performed for data analysis. Results: According to obtained result from statistical tests in this research, there was significant difference between the age and level of education on one hand and mean performance of phonological fluency on other hand )P<0.005 (. Moreover, this significant difference is existed between the mean of performance and number of phonological fluency transfers in both boys and girls. Conclusions: Individuals with low education scored less in all studied area except clustering. It indicates, there is lower mental screening among the less educated people.
Background and Aim: Hearing impairment in critical period of speech and language development is c... more Background and Aim: Hearing impairment in critical period of speech and language development is caused defects in oral and written language. The aim of this study is to use a test for comparing the reading skills of elementary fifth grade hearing and moderately severe hearing loss students in public schools. Materials and Methods: In this cross sectional study, 10 hearing impaired children selected from the total number of fifth grade moderately severe hearing loss students' community (public schools) based on the inclusion criteria and compared with 10 hearing children that were matched according to grade, as a control group. In order to gather the data, reading and writing tests for school students was used. Data analysis was done through SPSS-16. Results: The findings indicated that hearing impaired children on auditory discrimination skills (P=0.001), word auditory memory (P=0.034) sentence auditory memory (P<0.001), phonological blending (P=0.034), phonological segmentation (P=0.012) and text reading comprehension (P=0.044) were significantly weaker than the control group, but they had similar function in other skills. Conclusion: Children with hearing impairment have the same function in tasks based on visual processing to normal children, whereas, in tasks based on auditory and phonological processing are weaker than them.
Cochlear implantation has significant effects on language abilities and reading skills. The curre... more Cochlear implantation has significant effects on language abilities and reading skills. The current study compared the reading performance of children with cochlear implants with that of typically developing children in second and third grades. This descriptive-analytic study was performed including 24 children with cochlear implants and 24 typically developing peers. The grade range of the participants was second and third grades. All of students were selected from Tehran city elementary schools. The reading performance of children was assessed by the &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Nama&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; reading test. The results showed that the means of reading scores of typically developed children were significantly greater than the children with cochlear implants (P &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.01) and there was a significant relationship between reading skills and age of surgery (P &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.05). Also, there was a significant relationship between reading skills and the period of cochlear implantation (P &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.05). Children with cochlear implants showed a weak performance in reading skills in comparison to typically developing children due to lower accessibility to phonological information. However, this limitation can be compensated for partly by early surgery. Parents should refer their deaf children for cochlear implantation before the age of language learning.
Children (Basel, Switzerland), Jan 30, 2018
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of combined risperidone (RIS) ... more Abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of combined risperidone (RIS) and pivotal response treatment (PRT) on children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). A total of 34 children diagnosed with ASD according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition (DSM-V) (mean age of 12.36 years) were randomly assigned to either of two groups; the first group (n = 17) received combined PRT-RIS while the second group (n = 17) received RIS only. Behavioral problems were evaluated with the Aberrant Behavior Checklist (ABC), whereas global improvement (GI) was measured with the Clinical Global Impressions (CGI). Assessment of ABC was performed before intervention, after intervention (12 weeks), and following 3 months of the intervention (follow-up). Total ABC scores were seen to decrease in both groups after 3 months, as compared with the scores prior to the interventions. Also, in both groups, mean scores of behavioral problems after the i...
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of combined risperidone (RIS) and pivota... more The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of combined risperidone (RIS) and pivotal response treatment (PRT) on children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). A total of 34 children diagnosed with ASD according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition (DSM-V) (mean age of 12.36 years) were randomly assigned to either of two groups; the first group (n = 17) received combined PRT–RIS while the second group (n = 17) received RIS only. Behavioral problems were evaluated with the Aberrant Behavior Checklist (ABC), whereas global improvement (GI) was measured with the Clinical Global Impressions (CGI). Assessment of ABC was performed before intervention, after intervention (12 weeks), and following 3 months of the intervention (follow-up). Total ABC scores were seen to decrease in both groups after 3 months, as compared with the scores prior to the interventions. Also, in both groups, mean scores of behavioral problems after the intervention were not significantly different from those prior to the intervention, in all subscales but the inappropriate speech (p < 0.001). However, both groups showed significant differences in mean scores of ABC subscales in both of the post-intervention evaluation stages. It was concluded that the combination of behavioral and drug interventions can further improve behavioral problems, ultimately improving patient's communication and social skills.
Word finding difficulty is a known impairments in multiple sclerosis (MS). The purpose of this st... more Word finding difficulty is a known impairments in multiple sclerosis (MS). The purpose of this study is to adapt homophone meaning generation test to Persian language, and then examine word storage and access in multiple sclerosis patients through these three word-finding tests. This study examined the word retrieval in 90 Persian speaking patients with multiple sclerosis and 90 matched healthy controls through three tasks: semantic fluency, phonemic fluency, and homophonic meaning generation. The Persian homophone meaning generation test had a strong convergent validity with semantic and phonemic switching and an adequate divergent validity with semantic and phonemic clustering. There was a significant difference between two groups in all three tests (p<0.001) except semantic and phonetic clustering (p≥ 0.05). Multiple sclerosis is a disease affecting word access, but not the word storage, and Persian homophone meaning generation test is an appropriate, valid, and reliable test to evaluate word-finding difficulties in this population.
Accumulating studies are documenting specific motivational variables that, when combined into a n... more Accumulating studies are documenting specific motivational variables that, when combined into a naturalistic teaching paradigm, can positively influence the effectiveness of interventions for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The purpose of this study was to compare two ABA intervention procedures, a naturalistic approach, Pivotal Response Treatment (PRT) with a structured ABA approach in a school setting. A Randomized Clinical Trial design using two groups of children, matched according to age, sex and mean length of utterance was used to compare the interventions. The data showed that the PRT approach was significantly more effective in improving targeted and untargeted areas after three months of intervention. The results are discussed in terms of variables that produce more rapid improvements in communication for children with ASD.
Children with autism often demonstrate disruptive behaviors during demanding teaching tasks. Lang... more Children with autism often demonstrate disruptive behaviors during demanding teaching tasks. Language intervention can be particularly difficult as it involves social and communicative areas, which are challenging for this population. The purpose of this study was to compare two intervention conditions, a naturalistic approach, Pivotal Response Treatment (PRT) with a structured ABA approach on disruptive behavior during language intervention in the public schools. A Randomized Clinical Trial (RCT) design was used with two groups of children, matched according to age, sex and mean length of utterance. The data showed that the children demonstrated significantly lower levels of disruptive behavior during the PRT condition. The results are discussed with respect to antecedent manipulations that may be helpful in reducing disruptive behavior.
Journal of Rehabilitation, Jul 15, 2013
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International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, 2016
Reading skills are necessary for educational development in children. Many studies have shown tha... more Reading skills are necessary for educational development in children. Many studies have shown that children with hearing loss often experience delays in reading. This study aimed to examine reading skills of Persian deaf children with cochlear implant and hearing aid and compare them with normal hearing counterparts. The sample consisted of 72 s and third grade Persian-speaking children aged 8-12 years. They were divided into three equal groups including 24 children with cochlear implant (CI), 24 children with hearing aid (HA), and 24 children with normal hearing (NH). Reading performance of participants was evaluated by the &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Nama&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; reading test. &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;Nama&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; provides normative data for hearing and deaf children and consists of 10 subtests and the sum of the scores is regarded as reading performance score. Results of ANOVA on reading test showed that NH children had significantly better reading performance than deaf children with CI and HA in both grades (P &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.001). Post-hoc analysis, using Tukey test, indicated that there was no significant difference between HA and CI groups in terms of non-word reading, word reading, and word comprehension skills (respectively, P = 0.976, P = 0.988, P = 0.998). Considering the findings, cochlear implantation is not significantly more effective than hearing aid for improvement of reading abilities. It is clear that even with considerable advances in hearing aid technology, many deaf children continue to find literacy a challenging struggle.