Junaidi Khotib | Universitas Airlangga (original) (raw)

Papers by Junaidi Khotib

Jurnal Farmasi dan Ilmu Kefarmasian Indonesia, Aug 31, 2022

Background: In developing a pharmaceutical product, it is necessary to conduct pre-clinical and c... more Background: In developing a pharmaceutical product, it is necessary to conduct pre-clinical and clinical trials to ensure its safety and effectiveness. The toxicity test is conducted to assess the safety of a substance to determine its toxic effect of the substance. Objective: This study aims to determine the acute and subchronic toxicity of administering IHDM allergenic extract using experimental animal models. Methods: Female BALB/c mice and female and male Wistar rats were used as experimental animal models. While the IHDM allergenic extract was used with the level of Der p1 is 11.3-26.6 ng/mL and was administered by intravenous route. The acute toxicity test was carried out for 14 days on four different dose groups of experimental animals. The subchronic toxicity test was carried out for 28 days using three other dose groups of experimental animals. Results: The administration of a single dose of IHDM allergenic extract at various doses did not cause mice behaviour changes, and no death was shown in each group. Likewise, there was no change in the principal organs by macroscopic observations. Meanwhile, administering IHDM allergenic extract at repeated doses for 28 days could show signs of toxicity. The symptoms were shown in the histopathological structure of the liver, kidney, and heart organs. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the IHDM allergenic extract is safe for single-dose administration but shows toxic signs when given in repeated doses. Further tests are needed for 90 days of subchronic toxicity and satellite testing.

Veterinary World, Sep 29, 2022

Background and Aim: Perennial allergic rhinitis (AR) is a chronic upper respiratory disease, with... more Background and Aim: Perennial allergic rhinitis (AR) is a chronic upper respiratory disease, with inflammation mediated by immunoglobulin E in the nasal mucosa caused by house dust mites. Recently, allergen immunotherapy showed promising allergic healing in patients with a definite history of sensitization. Based on this finding, a product was developed using Indonesian house dust mite (IHDM). This study aimed to optimize the allergenic rhinitis mouse model that was generated using IHDM to test the in vivo sensitivity and safety of this product. Materials and Methods: Seven groups of mice were used for effectiveness testing-normal, negative control with IHDM challenge, positive control with 0.1% histamine challenge, and AR group by both IHDM-induced sensitization at 12.5, 50, 250, or 500 µg and IHDM challenge. Mice were sensitized by intraperitoneal administration of IHDM once a week for 3 consecutive weeks. Thereafter, the challenge was given intranasally 5 times on alternate days. The number of nose rubbing and sneezing was noted. Eosinophil infiltration was assessed histologically using hematoxylin and eosin staining. The expression of interleukin-5 (IL-5) mRNA in the nasal mucosa was determined using semi-quantitative reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction. Results: The induction of AR with IHDM significantly increased the number of nose rubbing and sneezing in the mouse model. Eosinophil infiltration was observed in the nasal mucosa; however, no significant change occurred in the expression of IL-5 mRNA. Conclusion: Overall, these data indicate that IHDM allergenic extract could be an effective sensitizing agent in a mouse model of AR. Although the use of IHDM is a limitation of this study because other sources of house dust mites might have different effects, this study provides a proper model for immunotherapy effectivity testing for in vivo pre-clinical studies.

Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology

Depression is a heterogeneous disorder with more than one possible etiologies. Currently, studies... more Depression is a heterogeneous disorder with more than one possible etiologies. Currently, studies are mostly focused on neuronal dysfunction, while the involvement of other brain cells, such as microglia, has not been widely explored. This review aimed to systematically review the studies reporting the effect of microglia inhibitors on depressive-like behavior in rodent models, to obtained a better understanding of the effectiveness of the intervention against depression. The PubMed database was explored from January 2011 to April 2021 with related keywords for full-text publications reporting antidepressant effects of microglial inhibitor in rodents. We identified 713 research publications, of which only 25 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included for analysis. Administration of antidepressant drugs/compounds that inhibit microglia was reported to be beneficial because it improved depression-like symptoms by reducing outcomes based on immobility, anhedonia, and locomoto...

Jurnal Farmasi dan Ilmu Kefarmasian Indonesia, Apr 26, 2022

Letters in Drug Design & Discovery, 2022

Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a global pand... more Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a global pandemic and emergency. Currently, there is no therapeutic agent that has been proven effective against the virus. Objective: We investigated and screened for 401 antiviral compounds that could inhibit one or more of the three protein targets in SARS-CoV-2 chymotrypsin-like (3CL) protease, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, and spike glycoprotein) using the in-silico approach. Methods: Lipinski’s rule of five was used as an initial screening for relevant compounds. Ligand preparation was conducted using JChem software and Schrödinger’s LigPrep module, while protein elucidation was conducted using AutoDockTools-1.5.6. Molecular docking was analyzed using AutoDockVina. Results: Five antiviral compounds were obtained from each SARS-CoV-2 protein with ideal and potential binding energy as a candidate for target protein inhibition on SARS-CoV-2, TAK-981; lopinavir, mefloquine, and sitagliptin were pot...

Journal of Islamic Pharmacy, 2022

This study is conducted to observe the hipoglicemic and hepatoprotective effect due to administra... more This study is conducted to observe the hipoglicemic and hepatoprotective effect due to administration of water extract of lingzhi (G. lucidum) to aloxan monohydrate induced diabetic rats. The hepatoprotective effect was evaluated by histopathological view of the liver. Thirty-six rats devided into 6 groups, i.e: control, diabetic, glibenclamid comparing, and treatment group. Rats of the treatment group were administered by the water extract of G. lucidum with the dose of 225 mg/kg.BW. Within the 0 day, rats were intraperitoneal injected by the dose of 150mg/kg.BW. After persistent diabetic effect was appeared, glibenclamid or water fraction of G. lucidum were given 9 days respectively. In day 10, rats were dinecropsed for histopathological observation using haematoxylin/ eosin staining. The result of the study showed that water fraction of G. lucidum succesfully lowering blood-glucose level as well as glibenclamid does. Histopathological picture of liver tissue also reveal that water fraction of G. lucidum could protect liver from damage due to diabetic condition. That was proven by the morphological characteristics of hepatocyte through repair and recovery.

Prosiding Seminar Nasional Pharmacopoaeae "Peran Farmakoekonomi dalam Pelayanan Kefarmasian&... more Prosiding Seminar Nasional Pharmacopoaeae "Peran Farmakoekonomi dalam Pelayanan Kefarmasian" 2014

It has been well documented that chemical carcinogen, DMBA (7.12 dimethylbenz(a)anthracene), play... more It has been well documented that chemical carcinogen, DMBA (7.12 dimethylbenz(a)anthracene), plays a role in the incidence and growth of mammary cancer. The present study was designed to investigate histochemical alteration of epithelial cells in mammary gland influenced by DMBA in the female Sprague-Dawley rat. DMBA-inducing mammary cancer is a useful model to investigate the changes of epithelial cells that occur during mammary cancer progression. Mammary cancer model was induced 10 times twice a week orally by DMBA, with 20 mg/kg body mass. Mammary cancer occurred in 90% for nine weeks after oral administration of DMBA, and it was represented with nodule on the mammary gland and the increasing of mammary gland volume compared with normal control (F = 100.592; p 0.05). This data indicated that the extract of Andrographis paniculata had no significant effect on the treatment of DMBA-inducing mammary carcinoma. The Epithelial cells then were harvested on the 90th day and stained on ...

Temporal lobe epilepsy is the most common type of epilepsy in adult. Unfortunately, mechanism of ... more Temporal lobe epilepsy is the most common type of epilepsy in adult. Unfortunately, mechanism of this disease remains unclear. Therefore it needs many researches to unfold this mystery. Research in human often faces obstacles especially in ethics; so animal model is necessary to replace human role in the study of pathophysiology of the disease.

JURNAL FARMASI DAN ILMU KEFARMASIAN INDONESIA, 2021

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that causes neuronal plasticity and increased ... more Background: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that causes neuronal plasticity and increased hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis of stress disorders. The change in metabolism is reportedly associated with inadequate response to antianxiety and antidepressant agents. Objective: This study aimed to determine the effect of milnacipran antidepressants on anxiety-like behavior in mice with diabetes mellitus. Methods: Male ICR mice were divided into naive, stress, diabetes mellitus (DM), DM + stress groups to measure anxiety-like behavior. Diabetes mellitus was induced using alloxan, and electric footshock stress was used as a stressor for 14 consecutive days. Anxiety-like behavior was measured using the light-dark box (LDB) and elevated plus maze (EPM) test at days 0, 7 and 14. The antidepressant milnacipran (MIL) was given for 7 days, on days 8 to 14. On day 14, evaluation of anxiety-like behavior after administration of MIL was carried out in all groups using LDB and EPM test...

Increasing prevalence and mortality of HIV/AIDS led to a revolution in the care patients with HIV... more Increasing prevalence and mortality of HIV/AIDS led to a revolution in the care patients with HIV/AIDS. The accurate strategy of treatment was needed to solve any problems in related to opportunistic infections of AIDS. The treatments with antiretroviral (ARV) utilization are not a cure and present new challenges with respect to side effect and toxicity in the short therapy as well as ARV resistance which is used the long therapy due to viral mutation. The objective of this study was to analyze the drug profile in HIV/AIDS patients. The patients studied all were receiving antiretroviral and antimicrobial therapy who were hospitalized in Dr. Soetomo Teaching Hospital Surabaya during January 1st, 2004 until January 31st, 2006 (n=66 patients). This study was a descriptive analysis using patient’s medical records. The results revealed that the patients’ infection levels were in Stage III and IV (± 96% patients). Among the patients, about 82% using combination of the first line antiretro...

INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACY, 2008

The huge endogenous macromolecule protein responsible for controlling migration and dendritic gro... more The huge endogenous macromolecule protein responsible for controlling migration and dendritic growth of developing neurons, reelin, has recently been proposed that its signaling pathway modulates synaptic plasticity in the adult rodent brain. This study was carried out to investigate the pivotal role of the reelin signaling pathway in the development of tolerance to morphine induced antinociception. There was evidence that repeated intracerebroventricular administration of reelin’s monoclonal antibody, the competitive inhibitor to reelin – apolipoprotein receptor E2 recombinant, and disabled1 (Dab1) protein inhibitor – MG132, resulted in the inhibition to the development of antinociception tolerance to morphine administration. Furthermore, chronic in vivo administration with morphine caused significance increase of the immunoreactivity (IR) for phosphorylated-Dab1 in the thalamus. These data suggested that persistent activation of reelin signaling pathway due to chronic administrati...

T-cell activation, with the low expression of CD62L (Lselectin) marker in the spleen, will increa... more T-cell activation, with the low expression of CD62L (Lselectin) marker in the spleen, will increase B cell activity to produce lupus antibodies. Therefore, lupus patients need drugs which could increase the Lselectin expression in the spleen to reduce the auto-reactive T cell. The tested drug to increase the L-selectin in this research was the ethyl acetate fraction of Kalanchoe pinnata (Lmk) Pers leaves (EF-KP), based on its immunosuppressant and anti-inflammatory activities. The research was performed by means of 2, 6, 10, 14 tetramethylpentadecane (TMPD) induced lupus-like mice. The experimental groups consisted of negative control (NC), EF-KP, and positive control (PC) groups. After 21 day treatment, the blood leukocyte was checked. Then, the spleen was prepared for the flow cytometry method to measure CD4 + CD62L + and CD8 + CD62L + T cells. The relative percentage of CD4 + CD62L + T cells in EF-KP groups increased insignificantly (p>0.05) (NC=7.91 ± 4.98%, EF-KP = 8.63 ± 3....

International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2016

Objective: The present study was designed to investigate the influence of sodium orthovanadate (S... more Objective: The present study was designed to investigate the influence of sodium orthovanadate (SOV) on the P53 and caspase 3 expressions in beta cells of alloxan-induced diabetic mice. Methods: Mice were divided into 5 groups i.e. (1) control group, (2) diabetic group and (3-5) SOV-treated diabetic groups at dose of 16, 32 and 64 mg/kgBW respectively. Diabetic mice model was induced by intraperitoneal administration of alloxan monohydrate at the dose of 200 mg/kgBW. Diabetic state was occurred on third day after alloxan injection and then started the treatment of SOV for 7 days. The pancreas was harvested on ten day after treatment and was stained using routine histology staining with haematoxylin-eosin (HE) and aldehyde fuchsin (AF) for morphological analysis and immunohistochemical approaches to observe the expressions of P53 and caspase 3 in pancreas. Results: Diabetic condition was shown by the increasing of fasting blood glucose levels from 59.1±11.2 mg/dl to 310.6±107.2 mg/dl...

Thrombocytopenia occurs frequently in patients with hematologic disorders and other diseases in h... more Thrombocytopenia occurs frequently in patients with hematologic disorders and other diseases in hospital. Thrombocytopenia may cause bleeding, from mild to severe, which is treated for the patients. The cauese of death in thrombocytopenia cases in hospital is mainly (80%) due to uncontrolled bleeding and lack of platelet concentrates availability. The chemical on drugs that effectively to resolve thrombocytopenia through increase the thrombopoiesis mechanism still questioned. The purpose of this study was to explain the mechanism of the effect of fruit ethanol extract of Phoenix dactylifera L on thrombopoiesis increase in thrombocytopenia. The sample used 30 male rats were divided into 3 groups: negative control (K1): rats were given daily with CMC Na 0,5%; positive control (K2): rats were given heparin and CMC Na 0,5%; and the treatment group (K3): rats were given heparin and fruit ethanol extract of Phoenix dactylifera L dose of 10 mg /200 g BW. Furthermore, the cardiac blood samp...

Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology, 2021

Objectives Ischemic stroke is known as a common causes of disability, lower psychological well-be... more Objectives Ischemic stroke is known as a common causes of disability, lower psychological well-being as well as preventable death. The pathogenesis of ischemic stroke process becomes worse immediately after oxidative stress occurs. One of the flavonoids with antioxidant abilities is quercetin. This study was aimed to investigate quercetin administration on the behavioral functions (motor and sensory) and expression of melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) in mice with ischemic stroke. Methods Male ICR mice were divided into sham, stroke, stroke with quercetin 100, 150, and 200 mg/kg. The stroke model was performed by blocking the left common carotid artery for 2 h. Quercetin was intraperitoneally administered daily for seven days. Evaluation was conducted during two weeks after induction using ladder rung walking test and narrow beam test for motoric function and adhesive removal tape test for sensory function. On day-14 mice were sacrificed, MC4R expression in the dorsal striatum was dete...

Indonesian Journal of Clinical Pharmacy, Dec 1, 2015

Health Notions, 2019

Alendronate is a drug of the bisphosphonate group used for the treatment and prevention of osteop... more Alendronate is a drug of the bisphosphonate group used for the treatment and prevention of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. However, when given orally, alendronate can cause indigestion and osteonecrosis of the jaw. It also has a poor bioavailability. Taking these disadvantages into account, an injection formulation of alendronate was created in this study to act on the site locally. Beside alendronate, the injection also contains bovine hydroxyapatite and gelatin as alendronate carriers. Both, besides being able to act as carriers, are also able to reduce bone damage caused by osteoporosis. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of alendronate injection for fractures caused by osteoporosis in mouse models that were ovariectomized. The parameters used in this study were ALP concentration in blood and bone radiology. The results of ALP concentration showed that there were no significant differences in each group. The average ALP concentration of the negative co...

Jurnal Farmasi dan Ilmu Kefarmasian Indonesia, Aug 31, 2022

Background: In developing a pharmaceutical product, it is necessary to conduct pre-clinical and c... more Background: In developing a pharmaceutical product, it is necessary to conduct pre-clinical and clinical trials to ensure its safety and effectiveness. The toxicity test is conducted to assess the safety of a substance to determine its toxic effect of the substance. Objective: This study aims to determine the acute and subchronic toxicity of administering IHDM allergenic extract using experimental animal models. Methods: Female BALB/c mice and female and male Wistar rats were used as experimental animal models. While the IHDM allergenic extract was used with the level of Der p1 is 11.3-26.6 ng/mL and was administered by intravenous route. The acute toxicity test was carried out for 14 days on four different dose groups of experimental animals. The subchronic toxicity test was carried out for 28 days using three other dose groups of experimental animals. Results: The administration of a single dose of IHDM allergenic extract at various doses did not cause mice behaviour changes, and no death was shown in each group. Likewise, there was no change in the principal organs by macroscopic observations. Meanwhile, administering IHDM allergenic extract at repeated doses for 28 days could show signs of toxicity. The symptoms were shown in the histopathological structure of the liver, kidney, and heart organs. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the IHDM allergenic extract is safe for single-dose administration but shows toxic signs when given in repeated doses. Further tests are needed for 90 days of subchronic toxicity and satellite testing.

Veterinary World, Sep 29, 2022

Background and Aim: Perennial allergic rhinitis (AR) is a chronic upper respiratory disease, with... more Background and Aim: Perennial allergic rhinitis (AR) is a chronic upper respiratory disease, with inflammation mediated by immunoglobulin E in the nasal mucosa caused by house dust mites. Recently, allergen immunotherapy showed promising allergic healing in patients with a definite history of sensitization. Based on this finding, a product was developed using Indonesian house dust mite (IHDM). This study aimed to optimize the allergenic rhinitis mouse model that was generated using IHDM to test the in vivo sensitivity and safety of this product. Materials and Methods: Seven groups of mice were used for effectiveness testing-normal, negative control with IHDM challenge, positive control with 0.1% histamine challenge, and AR group by both IHDM-induced sensitization at 12.5, 50, 250, or 500 µg and IHDM challenge. Mice were sensitized by intraperitoneal administration of IHDM once a week for 3 consecutive weeks. Thereafter, the challenge was given intranasally 5 times on alternate days. The number of nose rubbing and sneezing was noted. Eosinophil infiltration was assessed histologically using hematoxylin and eosin staining. The expression of interleukin-5 (IL-5) mRNA in the nasal mucosa was determined using semi-quantitative reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction. Results: The induction of AR with IHDM significantly increased the number of nose rubbing and sneezing in the mouse model. Eosinophil infiltration was observed in the nasal mucosa; however, no significant change occurred in the expression of IL-5 mRNA. Conclusion: Overall, these data indicate that IHDM allergenic extract could be an effective sensitizing agent in a mouse model of AR. Although the use of IHDM is a limitation of this study because other sources of house dust mites might have different effects, this study provides a proper model for immunotherapy effectivity testing for in vivo pre-clinical studies.

Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology

Depression is a heterogeneous disorder with more than one possible etiologies. Currently, studies... more Depression is a heterogeneous disorder with more than one possible etiologies. Currently, studies are mostly focused on neuronal dysfunction, while the involvement of other brain cells, such as microglia, has not been widely explored. This review aimed to systematically review the studies reporting the effect of microglia inhibitors on depressive-like behavior in rodent models, to obtained a better understanding of the effectiveness of the intervention against depression. The PubMed database was explored from January 2011 to April 2021 with related keywords for full-text publications reporting antidepressant effects of microglial inhibitor in rodents. We identified 713 research publications, of which only 25 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included for analysis. Administration of antidepressant drugs/compounds that inhibit microglia was reported to be beneficial because it improved depression-like symptoms by reducing outcomes based on immobility, anhedonia, and locomoto...

Jurnal Farmasi dan Ilmu Kefarmasian Indonesia, Apr 26, 2022

Letters in Drug Design & Discovery, 2022

Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a global pand... more Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a global pandemic and emergency. Currently, there is no therapeutic agent that has been proven effective against the virus. Objective: We investigated and screened for 401 antiviral compounds that could inhibit one or more of the three protein targets in SARS-CoV-2 chymotrypsin-like (3CL) protease, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, and spike glycoprotein) using the in-silico approach. Methods: Lipinski’s rule of five was used as an initial screening for relevant compounds. Ligand preparation was conducted using JChem software and Schrödinger’s LigPrep module, while protein elucidation was conducted using AutoDockTools-1.5.6. Molecular docking was analyzed using AutoDockVina. Results: Five antiviral compounds were obtained from each SARS-CoV-2 protein with ideal and potential binding energy as a candidate for target protein inhibition on SARS-CoV-2, TAK-981; lopinavir, mefloquine, and sitagliptin were pot...

Journal of Islamic Pharmacy, 2022

This study is conducted to observe the hipoglicemic and hepatoprotective effect due to administra... more This study is conducted to observe the hipoglicemic and hepatoprotective effect due to administration of water extract of lingzhi (G. lucidum) to aloxan monohydrate induced diabetic rats. The hepatoprotective effect was evaluated by histopathological view of the liver. Thirty-six rats devided into 6 groups, i.e: control, diabetic, glibenclamid comparing, and treatment group. Rats of the treatment group were administered by the water extract of G. lucidum with the dose of 225 mg/kg.BW. Within the 0 day, rats were intraperitoneal injected by the dose of 150mg/kg.BW. After persistent diabetic effect was appeared, glibenclamid or water fraction of G. lucidum were given 9 days respectively. In day 10, rats were dinecropsed for histopathological observation using haematoxylin/ eosin staining. The result of the study showed that water fraction of G. lucidum succesfully lowering blood-glucose level as well as glibenclamid does. Histopathological picture of liver tissue also reveal that water fraction of G. lucidum could protect liver from damage due to diabetic condition. That was proven by the morphological characteristics of hepatocyte through repair and recovery.

Prosiding Seminar Nasional Pharmacopoaeae "Peran Farmakoekonomi dalam Pelayanan Kefarmasian&... more Prosiding Seminar Nasional Pharmacopoaeae "Peran Farmakoekonomi dalam Pelayanan Kefarmasian" 2014

It has been well documented that chemical carcinogen, DMBA (7.12 dimethylbenz(a)anthracene), play... more It has been well documented that chemical carcinogen, DMBA (7.12 dimethylbenz(a)anthracene), plays a role in the incidence and growth of mammary cancer. The present study was designed to investigate histochemical alteration of epithelial cells in mammary gland influenced by DMBA in the female Sprague-Dawley rat. DMBA-inducing mammary cancer is a useful model to investigate the changes of epithelial cells that occur during mammary cancer progression. Mammary cancer model was induced 10 times twice a week orally by DMBA, with 20 mg/kg body mass. Mammary cancer occurred in 90% for nine weeks after oral administration of DMBA, and it was represented with nodule on the mammary gland and the increasing of mammary gland volume compared with normal control (F = 100.592; p 0.05). This data indicated that the extract of Andrographis paniculata had no significant effect on the treatment of DMBA-inducing mammary carcinoma. The Epithelial cells then were harvested on the 90th day and stained on ...

Temporal lobe epilepsy is the most common type of epilepsy in adult. Unfortunately, mechanism of ... more Temporal lobe epilepsy is the most common type of epilepsy in adult. Unfortunately, mechanism of this disease remains unclear. Therefore it needs many researches to unfold this mystery. Research in human often faces obstacles especially in ethics; so animal model is necessary to replace human role in the study of pathophysiology of the disease.

JURNAL FARMASI DAN ILMU KEFARMASIAN INDONESIA, 2021

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that causes neuronal plasticity and increased ... more Background: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that causes neuronal plasticity and increased hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis of stress disorders. The change in metabolism is reportedly associated with inadequate response to antianxiety and antidepressant agents. Objective: This study aimed to determine the effect of milnacipran antidepressants on anxiety-like behavior in mice with diabetes mellitus. Methods: Male ICR mice were divided into naive, stress, diabetes mellitus (DM), DM + stress groups to measure anxiety-like behavior. Diabetes mellitus was induced using alloxan, and electric footshock stress was used as a stressor for 14 consecutive days. Anxiety-like behavior was measured using the light-dark box (LDB) and elevated plus maze (EPM) test at days 0, 7 and 14. The antidepressant milnacipran (MIL) was given for 7 days, on days 8 to 14. On day 14, evaluation of anxiety-like behavior after administration of MIL was carried out in all groups using LDB and EPM test...

Increasing prevalence and mortality of HIV/AIDS led to a revolution in the care patients with HIV... more Increasing prevalence and mortality of HIV/AIDS led to a revolution in the care patients with HIV/AIDS. The accurate strategy of treatment was needed to solve any problems in related to opportunistic infections of AIDS. The treatments with antiretroviral (ARV) utilization are not a cure and present new challenges with respect to side effect and toxicity in the short therapy as well as ARV resistance which is used the long therapy due to viral mutation. The objective of this study was to analyze the drug profile in HIV/AIDS patients. The patients studied all were receiving antiretroviral and antimicrobial therapy who were hospitalized in Dr. Soetomo Teaching Hospital Surabaya during January 1st, 2004 until January 31st, 2006 (n=66 patients). This study was a descriptive analysis using patient’s medical records. The results revealed that the patients’ infection levels were in Stage III and IV (± 96% patients). Among the patients, about 82% using combination of the first line antiretro...

INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACY, 2008

The huge endogenous macromolecule protein responsible for controlling migration and dendritic gro... more The huge endogenous macromolecule protein responsible for controlling migration and dendritic growth of developing neurons, reelin, has recently been proposed that its signaling pathway modulates synaptic plasticity in the adult rodent brain. This study was carried out to investigate the pivotal role of the reelin signaling pathway in the development of tolerance to morphine induced antinociception. There was evidence that repeated intracerebroventricular administration of reelin’s monoclonal antibody, the competitive inhibitor to reelin – apolipoprotein receptor E2 recombinant, and disabled1 (Dab1) protein inhibitor – MG132, resulted in the inhibition to the development of antinociception tolerance to morphine administration. Furthermore, chronic in vivo administration with morphine caused significance increase of the immunoreactivity (IR) for phosphorylated-Dab1 in the thalamus. These data suggested that persistent activation of reelin signaling pathway due to chronic administrati...

T-cell activation, with the low expression of CD62L (Lselectin) marker in the spleen, will increa... more T-cell activation, with the low expression of CD62L (Lselectin) marker in the spleen, will increase B cell activity to produce lupus antibodies. Therefore, lupus patients need drugs which could increase the Lselectin expression in the spleen to reduce the auto-reactive T cell. The tested drug to increase the L-selectin in this research was the ethyl acetate fraction of Kalanchoe pinnata (Lmk) Pers leaves (EF-KP), based on its immunosuppressant and anti-inflammatory activities. The research was performed by means of 2, 6, 10, 14 tetramethylpentadecane (TMPD) induced lupus-like mice. The experimental groups consisted of negative control (NC), EF-KP, and positive control (PC) groups. After 21 day treatment, the blood leukocyte was checked. Then, the spleen was prepared for the flow cytometry method to measure CD4 + CD62L + and CD8 + CD62L + T cells. The relative percentage of CD4 + CD62L + T cells in EF-KP groups increased insignificantly (p>0.05) (NC=7.91 ± 4.98%, EF-KP = 8.63 ± 3....

International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2016

Objective: The present study was designed to investigate the influence of sodium orthovanadate (S... more Objective: The present study was designed to investigate the influence of sodium orthovanadate (SOV) on the P53 and caspase 3 expressions in beta cells of alloxan-induced diabetic mice. Methods: Mice were divided into 5 groups i.e. (1) control group, (2) diabetic group and (3-5) SOV-treated diabetic groups at dose of 16, 32 and 64 mg/kgBW respectively. Diabetic mice model was induced by intraperitoneal administration of alloxan monohydrate at the dose of 200 mg/kgBW. Diabetic state was occurred on third day after alloxan injection and then started the treatment of SOV for 7 days. The pancreas was harvested on ten day after treatment and was stained using routine histology staining with haematoxylin-eosin (HE) and aldehyde fuchsin (AF) for morphological analysis and immunohistochemical approaches to observe the expressions of P53 and caspase 3 in pancreas. Results: Diabetic condition was shown by the increasing of fasting blood glucose levels from 59.1±11.2 mg/dl to 310.6±107.2 mg/dl...

Thrombocytopenia occurs frequently in patients with hematologic disorders and other diseases in h... more Thrombocytopenia occurs frequently in patients with hematologic disorders and other diseases in hospital. Thrombocytopenia may cause bleeding, from mild to severe, which is treated for the patients. The cauese of death in thrombocytopenia cases in hospital is mainly (80%) due to uncontrolled bleeding and lack of platelet concentrates availability. The chemical on drugs that effectively to resolve thrombocytopenia through increase the thrombopoiesis mechanism still questioned. The purpose of this study was to explain the mechanism of the effect of fruit ethanol extract of Phoenix dactylifera L on thrombopoiesis increase in thrombocytopenia. The sample used 30 male rats were divided into 3 groups: negative control (K1): rats were given daily with CMC Na 0,5%; positive control (K2): rats were given heparin and CMC Na 0,5%; and the treatment group (K3): rats were given heparin and fruit ethanol extract of Phoenix dactylifera L dose of 10 mg /200 g BW. Furthermore, the cardiac blood samp...

Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology, 2021

Objectives Ischemic stroke is known as a common causes of disability, lower psychological well-be... more Objectives Ischemic stroke is known as a common causes of disability, lower psychological well-being as well as preventable death. The pathogenesis of ischemic stroke process becomes worse immediately after oxidative stress occurs. One of the flavonoids with antioxidant abilities is quercetin. This study was aimed to investigate quercetin administration on the behavioral functions (motor and sensory) and expression of melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) in mice with ischemic stroke. Methods Male ICR mice were divided into sham, stroke, stroke with quercetin 100, 150, and 200 mg/kg. The stroke model was performed by blocking the left common carotid artery for 2 h. Quercetin was intraperitoneally administered daily for seven days. Evaluation was conducted during two weeks after induction using ladder rung walking test and narrow beam test for motoric function and adhesive removal tape test for sensory function. On day-14 mice were sacrificed, MC4R expression in the dorsal striatum was dete...

Indonesian Journal of Clinical Pharmacy, Dec 1, 2015

Health Notions, 2019

Alendronate is a drug of the bisphosphonate group used for the treatment and prevention of osteop... more Alendronate is a drug of the bisphosphonate group used for the treatment and prevention of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. However, when given orally, alendronate can cause indigestion and osteonecrosis of the jaw. It also has a poor bioavailability. Taking these disadvantages into account, an injection formulation of alendronate was created in this study to act on the site locally. Beside alendronate, the injection also contains bovine hydroxyapatite and gelatin as alendronate carriers. Both, besides being able to act as carriers, are also able to reduce bone damage caused by osteoporosis. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of alendronate injection for fractures caused by osteoporosis in mouse models that were ovariectomized. The parameters used in this study were ALP concentration in blood and bone radiology. The results of ALP concentration showed that there were no significant differences in each group. The average ALP concentration of the negative co...