RICARDO REYES CHILPA | Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (original) (raw)
Papers by RICARDO REYES CHILPA
Boletin Latinoamericano y del Caribe de Plantas Medicinales y Aromaticas, 2021
The "Libellus de Medicinalibus Indorum Herbis" (Little Book of Indian Medicinal Plants)... more The "Libellus de Medicinalibus Indorum Herbis" (Little Book of Indian Medicinal Plants) was composed by the indigenous sages Martín De la Cruz and Juan Badiano, 31 years after the Aztec Empire fall. The former was the author, and the latter translated the manuscript from the Nahuatllanguage to Latin. It contains numerous recipes for treating human diseases and 185 colored drawings of the prescribed plants. In 1939 it was first published as "An Aztec Herbarium". However, it also contains XVI century European diseases and medical practices. We present an updated review of this beautiful codex, its history, conception, creators, and botany; as well as, the chemistry and pharmacology of fiveplants therein cited. The Libellusis a window in the time that allows the scientific research of ancient ethnopharmacological knowledge in Mesoamerica and document its persistence, disappearance, or transformation. However, this requires overcoming linguistic defies, but also deri...
Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2018
CRC Press eBooks, Jan 4, 2023
<div><p><i>Pachyrhizus erosus</i> (Fabaceae) is a herb commonly known as ... more <div><p><i>Pachyrhizus erosus</i> (Fabaceae) is a herb commonly known as ‘yam bean’, which has been cultivated in México since pre-Columbian times for its edible tubers. The seeds are also known for their acaricidal and insecticidal properties due to rotenone and other isoflavonoid contents. Rotenone has exhibited cytotoxic activity against several human tumour cell lines; however, its mechanism of action is still not fully understood. In this study, we determined the cytotoxicity of rotenone isolated from <i>P. erosus</i> seeds on K562 human leukaemia cells. Rotenone exhibited significant cytotoxic activity (IC<sub>50</sub> = 13.05 μM), as determined by the MTT assay. Three other isolated isoflavonoids were not cytotoxic. Rotenone genotoxicity was detected using the comet assay. Rotenone induced cell death, and caspase-3 activation as indicated by TUNEL assay, and immunocytofluorescence. Plasmid nicking assay indicated that rotenone does not interact directly with DNA.</p></div
Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia, 2014
The term "nervios" is referred as a folk illness recognized by Mexican Traditional Medicine, and ... more The term "nervios" is referred as a folk illness recognized by Mexican Traditional Medicine, and also widely reported across many countries in Latin America. "Nervios" are characterized by a "state of bodily and mental unrest", which decreases the ability to achieve daily goals. The causes are varied; in fact, any situation that alters the emotional state or mood is interpreted as a possible triggering agent. Depression and anxiety are psychiatric disorders, which share symptoms, or can be included in the same group of disorders with "nervios". The therapies are designed to reassure health, i.e. "calm the nerves". For this propose, the oral administration of plants infusions is common. In this review we compile information regarding the plants used for the treatment of "nervios" in México, along with those for which reports of anxiolytic or/and antidepressive activity exist. We found 92 plant species used in folk medicine for the treatment of "nervios", among these, sixteen have been studied experimentally. The most studied plant is Galphimia glauca Cav., Malpighiaceae, which current clinical studies have validated its efficacy in patients, and their active components, the triterpenes galphimine A, B, and C, identified. Interestingly only nine plants were found to be reported in folk medicine for the treatment of sadness or/and depression, but their antidepressant activity has not been investigated. However, among the plants used in folk medicine for treatment of "nervios", several, as Litsea glaucescens Kunth, Lauraceae, have been proven to show antidepressant activity in experimental models, and some of their active compounds have been determined. These species could be a potential source of compounds with activity in the central nervous system.
Molecules, 2007
Phytochemical studies on Galanthus elwesii resulted in the isolation of five alkaloids: incartine... more Phytochemical studies on Galanthus elwesii resulted in the isolation of five alkaloids: incartine, hordenine, hippeastrine, 8-O-demethylhomolycorine and lycorine. The NMR data given previously for incartine were revised and completed by two-dimensional 1 H-1 H and 1 H-13 C chemical shift correlation experiments. In vitro studies on the bioactivity of incartine were carried out.
Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2005
Thirty-two extracts from 22 Mexican medicinal plants of 15 different families were assayed to det... more Thirty-two extracts from 22 Mexican medicinal plants of 15 different families were assayed to determine their antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Seventeen plants showed antibacterial activity, while five plants showed no activity against both bacteria. All of the extracts showed higher activity against Staphylococcus aureus (methicillin-sensitive and methicillin-resistant) than against Escherichia coli, except one. Among the plants examined, Bursera simaruba (L.) Sarg. (Burseraceae), Haematoxylum brasiletto H. Karst. (Fabaceae), Calophyllum brasiliense Cambess. (Clusiaceae), and Mammea americana L. (Clusiaceae) were highly active against Staphylococcus aureus. Coumarins (mammea A/BA and mammea A/AA) and xanthones, namely jacareubin and 1,3,5,6-tetrahydroxy-2-(3,3-dimethylallyl) xanthone, were isolated as the principle compounds from the last two plants.
Economic Botany, 2011
anza química con otras especies asiáticas. Nuestros resultados sugieren que los perfiles químicos... more anza química con otras especies asiáticas. Nuestros resultados sugieren que los perfiles químicos de L. glaucescens y L. guatemalensis están relacionados con sus aplicaciones culinarias y medicinales en razón a las propiedades conocidas de sus componentes mayoritarios.
Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 2004
Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 2004
Hamelia patens JAQC. (Rubiaceae) is a perennial bush growing in the tropical areas of the America... more Hamelia patens JAQC. (Rubiaceae) is a perennial bush growing in the tropical areas of the American continent. It can reach up to 3 m in height, bearing bright reddish-orange tubular flowers that give rise to red berries. It is commonly known as "bayetilla," "trompetilla," "coralillo," or "hierba coral." These two last names are related to the red color of some of its organs. A number of traditional medicinal applications are known for this species along Latin America, from Mexico to Argentina. In Mexico it is used for 42 different medicinal purposes, especially to stop bleeding, healing sores, and in menstrual disorders (Mendoza, 2000; Argueta et al., 1994). 1,2) Regarding its use in menses, habitants of two different regions of Veracruz, Mexico, use H. patens to stop excessive menstruation (Cano-Asseleith, 1997). 3) Contrastingly, the peasants of Zapotitlan, State of Puebla, Mexico, use it as a remedy for amenorrhea. To prepare the infusion a handful of leaves is poured in 4 l of water, and boiled until only half the volume is remaining. The patient must drink the infusion "constantly" in the next days and follow a diet low in fat. This is also administered against flux and dark bleeding after menstruation, or child delivering (Martínez, et al., 1995). 4) Hamelia patens is a well known medicinal plant for certain ethnic groups in Mexico. For instance, it is the most frequently recorded among 614 medicinal plant species known by the Popoluca people inhabiting the Sierra de Santa Marta in the State of Veracruz, Mexico. In this region, the fresh leaf sap is applied to stop the bleeding of a wound; while the root is used to treat inflamed uterus (Leonti et al., 2001). 5) Scientific research that could sustain H. patens purported folk medicinal uses is scant. However, recent experimental evidence indicates that the topical application of an ointment prepared with the ethanol extract of H. patens aerial parts in
Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 2005
As a preliminary screening test for the trypanocidal activity against epimastigotes of Trypanosom... more As a preliminary screening test for the trypanocidal activity against epimastigotes of Trypanosoma cruzi in vitro, we examined some crude extracts of Mexican medicinal plants. 2) T. cruzi is the etiological agent for Chagas' disease (American trypanosomiasis), one of the most serious protozoan diseases in Latin America. Then we started on identification of the principal compounds of the active extracts seeking new chemotherapeutic agents for Chagas' disease. Lignans 2) from Guaco (roots of Aristolochia taliscana) and xanthones 3) from Bari (stems of Calophyllum brasiliense) were isolated as active components against epimastigotes in vitro. T. cruzi exhibits three developmental stages: epimastigote in the insect gut; trypomastigote, an infectious form in the mammalian blood stream; and an amastigote, a proliferative form in mammalian cells. In this paper we describe the results of continuous preliminary screening tests for trypanocidal activity against trypomastigotes as well as against epimastigotes in some Mexican plants. The edible fruit of Persea americana MILL. (Lauraceae), avocado, is grown throughout the tropics worldwides. The MeOH extract of seeds of Persea americana also showed moderate activity in the screening test. Herein we also describe the identification of the active constituents in seeds of P. americana.
Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2010
Abiotic stress is an important environmental problem limiting crop growth and productivity. Micro... more Abiotic stress is an important environmental problem limiting crop growth and productivity. Micronutrients have ability to overcome stress up to some extent. This study was carried out to investigate the effects of priming with micronutrients (Zn and Cu) on Brassica rapa grown under NaCl stress. Seeds were primed with 100 and 200 ppm ZnSO and CuSO and then treated with different concentrations (0 mM, 60 mM, 4 4 90 mM, 120 mM) of NaCl. Effect of NaCl, ZnSO and CuSO were observed on germination, seedling growth 4 4 separately. It was observed that germination and different seedling growth parameters viz. shoot length, root length, fresh and dry biomass were decreased under different concentrations of NaCl (without treatment of ZnSO and CuSO). It was also observed that treatment with different doses of ZnSO and CuSO exhibited 4 4 4 4 increase in germination and seedling growth in both salinity levels as well as in non-saline conditions.
Canadian Journal of Chemistry, 2022
The tropical tree Calophyllum brasiliense Cambess. (Clusiaceae) grows in rain forests from Brazil... more The tropical tree Calophyllum brasiliense Cambess. (Clusiaceae) grows in rain forests from Brazil to Mexico. Its leaves, as well as those of other Calophyllum species, are rich sources of chromanone acids, such as apetalic acid, isoapetalic acid, and their derivatives. Apetalic acid has shown significant antimycobacterial activity. The biological activity of apetalic acid has been related to the configuration of three asymmetric centers and the stereochemistry of the molecule; however, the C-19 configuration in the acidic side chain has not been fully resolved. For this reason, the unequivocal determination of the absolute configuration by means of X-ray crystallography in a sample of unique homogeneous apetalic acid stereoisomer was the most important point to start this study. Chiral amides were prepared using the carboxyl group. We determined the C-19 stereochemistry of apetalic acid and its specific chiral derivatives using NMR, X-ray diffraction, and molecular mechanics. Finall...
Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 2008
Calophyllum brasiliense and Mammea americana (Clusiaceae) are two trees from the tropical rain fo... more Calophyllum brasiliense and Mammea americana (Clusiaceae) are two trees from the tropical rain forests of the American continent. A previous screening showed high trypanocidal activity in the extracts of these species. Several mammea-type coumarins, triterpenoids and biflavonoids were isolated from the leaves of C. brasiliense. Mammea A/ AA was obtained from the fruit peels of M. americana. These compounds were tested in vitro against epimastigotes and trypomastigotes of Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiologic agent of Chagas disease. The most potent compounds were mammea A/BA, A/BB, A/AA, A/BD and B/BA, with MC 100 values in the range of 15 to 90 μg/ml. Coumarins with a cyclized γ,γ-dimethylallyl substituent on C-6, such as mammea B/BA, cyclo F + B/BB cyclo F, and isomammeigin, showed MC 100 values > 200 μg/ml. Several active coumarins were also tested against normal human lymphocytes in vitro, which showed that mammea A/AA and A/BA were not toxic. Other compounds from C. brasiliense, such as the triterpenoids, friedelin, canophyllol, the biflavonoid amentoflavone, and protocatechuic and shikimic acids, were inactive against the epimastigotes. The isopropylidenedioxy derivative of shikimic acid was inactive, and its structure was confirmed by X-ray diffraction. Our results suggest that mammea-type coumarins could be a valuable source of trypanocidal compounds.
Madera y Bosques, 2016
El interés en los Productos Forestales No Maderables (PFNM) ha aumentado con la creciente concien... more El interés en los Productos Forestales No Maderables (PFNM) ha aumentado con la creciente conciencia sobre la deforestación de los bosques y la necesidad de diversificar e incrementar el valor de los recursos forestales. Los PFNM incluyen productos importantes en la vida diaria de las comunidades locales; además, generan ingresos y empleos complementarios. En el presente trabajo se revisa la información disponible sobre los PFNM en México, con el fin de distinguir tendencias en su producción y contribuir a generar propuestas que incentiven su aprovechamiento sustentable. De acuerdo a fuentes oficiales, en México existen 20 000 especies vegetales, 950 proporcionan PFNM útiles, pero sólo el 10% de esta última cifra se comercializa y está regulada. Actualmente se distinguen siete categorías de PFNM. En el periodo 1985-2003, la producción anual promedio de PFNM fue 135 667 toneladas. La categoría “otros productos” ocupó el primer lugar, seguida por “resinas”, “fibras”, “ceras”, “gomas”...
Cuphea aquipetala Cav. (Hierba del cancer) is used in Mexican traditional medicine. In the presen... more Cuphea aquipetala Cav. (Hierba del cancer) is used in Mexican traditional medicine. In the present work, its most frequent medicinal applications were determined through interviews, revision of herbarium specimens, and bibliography. The quoted applications were: to treat pounds and wounds. For these purposes, the drug (leaf and stem) is prepared and administered as infusion, or as poultice. In order to provide data for inclusion of this species in the Herbal Pharmacopoeia of the United Mexican States (FHEUM) we describe its leaf architecture and diagnostic anatomical characters of drug,. The anatomical study revealed that the three types of trichomes observed can aid to differentiate this species from other Cuphea species. Anatomical variation was observed mainly in the midrib of the leaf. Leaf architecture is first described for this species, and provides the basis for future comparisons. In addition, the acetone-water extract of the aerial parts previously reported as cytotoxic activity against DU-145 (human prostate carcinoma) and HCT-15 (human colon carcinoma), showed the presence of polyphenolic compounds of the type of hydrolysable and condensed tannins, mannitol was isolated and identified.
ABSTRACT Tirso Ríos Castillo, Leovigildo Quijano, Ricardo Reyes-Chilpa (Recibido Junio 2012; Acep... more ABSTRACT Tirso Ríos Castillo, Leovigildo Quijano, Ricardo Reyes-Chilpa (Recibido Junio 2012; Aceptado Octubre 2012) RESUMEN Bernardino de Sahagún, Martin de la Cruz y Francisco Hernández compilaron durante el siglo XVI los conocimientos herbolarios de los antiguos habitantes del territorio mexicano. Sus extraordinarios trabajos son verdaderas ventanas en el tiempo que permiten conocer el saber médico y botánico en la época precolombina. En este artículo presentamos una breve semblanza de las vidas y obras de estos autores, así como una breve revisión química y de las propiedades biológicas de algunas especies vegetales que ellos registraron, en especial Montanoa tomentosa (Asteraceae) conocida hace 500 años como "cihuapatli" = "medicina de mujer". Varios de estos compuestos explican racionalmente, ya sea en todo o en parte, sus antiguas aplicaciones médicas. ABSTRACT Bernardino de Sahagún, Martin de la Cruz, and Francisco Hernández compiled during the XVI century the herbal understanding of the habitants of the current Mexican territory. Their extraordinary works are real a window in time to pre-Columbian medical and botanical knowledge. In this contribution we briefly review their lives and writings, as well as, the chemistry and biological properties of plant species that they recorded, mainly Montanoa tomentosa (Asteraceae) known 500 years ago as "cihuapatli" = "women's medicine". Several compounds explain whole or in part its ancient medicinal applications. www.relaquim.com
Vitae
Antecedentes: Calophyllum brasiliense Cambess. Es un árbol de la familia Calophyllaceae, separada... more Antecedentes: Calophyllum brasiliense Cambess. Es un árbol de la familia Calophyllaceae, separada recientemente de Clusiaceae (Guttiferae). Se distribuye ampliamente en selvas tropicales lluviosas del continente americano, desde Brasil hasta México. Esta especie sintetiza diversos metabolitos secundarios en hojas, flores, frutos, corteza y raíz, tales como cumarinas, cromanonas, xantonas, terpenos, flavonoides y compuestos fenólicos, los cuales presentan múltiples propiedades biológicas. Objetivos: Ofrecer una visión general de las características botánicas, químicas y farmacológicas de C. brasiliense , así como evidencias químicas, anatómicas y genéticas que sugieren la existencia de quimiotipos (fenotipos químicos) en la especie. Métodos: Se revisó la información disponible en las bases de datos NCBI y SciFinder®, se seleccionaron investigaciones relevantes que permitieron conocer los compuestos químicos aislados y su actividad biológica. Resultados: Entre los compuestos sintetiza...
Boletin Latinoamericano y del Caribe de Plantas Medicinales y Aromaticas, 2021
The "Libellus de Medicinalibus Indorum Herbis" (Little Book of Indian Medicinal Plants)... more The "Libellus de Medicinalibus Indorum Herbis" (Little Book of Indian Medicinal Plants) was composed by the indigenous sages Martín De la Cruz and Juan Badiano, 31 years after the Aztec Empire fall. The former was the author, and the latter translated the manuscript from the Nahuatllanguage to Latin. It contains numerous recipes for treating human diseases and 185 colored drawings of the prescribed plants. In 1939 it was first published as "An Aztec Herbarium". However, it also contains XVI century European diseases and medical practices. We present an updated review of this beautiful codex, its history, conception, creators, and botany; as well as, the chemistry and pharmacology of fiveplants therein cited. The Libellusis a window in the time that allows the scientific research of ancient ethnopharmacological knowledge in Mesoamerica and document its persistence, disappearance, or transformation. However, this requires overcoming linguistic defies, but also deri...
Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2018
CRC Press eBooks, Jan 4, 2023
<div><p><i>Pachyrhizus erosus</i> (Fabaceae) is a herb commonly known as ... more <div><p><i>Pachyrhizus erosus</i> (Fabaceae) is a herb commonly known as ‘yam bean’, which has been cultivated in México since pre-Columbian times for its edible tubers. The seeds are also known for their acaricidal and insecticidal properties due to rotenone and other isoflavonoid contents. Rotenone has exhibited cytotoxic activity against several human tumour cell lines; however, its mechanism of action is still not fully understood. In this study, we determined the cytotoxicity of rotenone isolated from <i>P. erosus</i> seeds on K562 human leukaemia cells. Rotenone exhibited significant cytotoxic activity (IC<sub>50</sub> = 13.05 μM), as determined by the MTT assay. Three other isolated isoflavonoids were not cytotoxic. Rotenone genotoxicity was detected using the comet assay. Rotenone induced cell death, and caspase-3 activation as indicated by TUNEL assay, and immunocytofluorescence. Plasmid nicking assay indicated that rotenone does not interact directly with DNA.</p></div
Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia, 2014
The term "nervios" is referred as a folk illness recognized by Mexican Traditional Medicine, and ... more The term "nervios" is referred as a folk illness recognized by Mexican Traditional Medicine, and also widely reported across many countries in Latin America. "Nervios" are characterized by a "state of bodily and mental unrest", which decreases the ability to achieve daily goals. The causes are varied; in fact, any situation that alters the emotional state or mood is interpreted as a possible triggering agent. Depression and anxiety are psychiatric disorders, which share symptoms, or can be included in the same group of disorders with "nervios". The therapies are designed to reassure health, i.e. "calm the nerves". For this propose, the oral administration of plants infusions is common. In this review we compile information regarding the plants used for the treatment of "nervios" in México, along with those for which reports of anxiolytic or/and antidepressive activity exist. We found 92 plant species used in folk medicine for the treatment of "nervios", among these, sixteen have been studied experimentally. The most studied plant is Galphimia glauca Cav., Malpighiaceae, which current clinical studies have validated its efficacy in patients, and their active components, the triterpenes galphimine A, B, and C, identified. Interestingly only nine plants were found to be reported in folk medicine for the treatment of sadness or/and depression, but their antidepressant activity has not been investigated. However, among the plants used in folk medicine for treatment of "nervios", several, as Litsea glaucescens Kunth, Lauraceae, have been proven to show antidepressant activity in experimental models, and some of their active compounds have been determined. These species could be a potential source of compounds with activity in the central nervous system.
Molecules, 2007
Phytochemical studies on Galanthus elwesii resulted in the isolation of five alkaloids: incartine... more Phytochemical studies on Galanthus elwesii resulted in the isolation of five alkaloids: incartine, hordenine, hippeastrine, 8-O-demethylhomolycorine and lycorine. The NMR data given previously for incartine were revised and completed by two-dimensional 1 H-1 H and 1 H-13 C chemical shift correlation experiments. In vitro studies on the bioactivity of incartine were carried out.
Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2005
Thirty-two extracts from 22 Mexican medicinal plants of 15 different families were assayed to det... more Thirty-two extracts from 22 Mexican medicinal plants of 15 different families were assayed to determine their antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Seventeen plants showed antibacterial activity, while five plants showed no activity against both bacteria. All of the extracts showed higher activity against Staphylococcus aureus (methicillin-sensitive and methicillin-resistant) than against Escherichia coli, except one. Among the plants examined, Bursera simaruba (L.) Sarg. (Burseraceae), Haematoxylum brasiletto H. Karst. (Fabaceae), Calophyllum brasiliense Cambess. (Clusiaceae), and Mammea americana L. (Clusiaceae) were highly active against Staphylococcus aureus. Coumarins (mammea A/BA and mammea A/AA) and xanthones, namely jacareubin and 1,3,5,6-tetrahydroxy-2-(3,3-dimethylallyl) xanthone, were isolated as the principle compounds from the last two plants.
Economic Botany, 2011
anza química con otras especies asiáticas. Nuestros resultados sugieren que los perfiles químicos... more anza química con otras especies asiáticas. Nuestros resultados sugieren que los perfiles químicos de L. glaucescens y L. guatemalensis están relacionados con sus aplicaciones culinarias y medicinales en razón a las propiedades conocidas de sus componentes mayoritarios.
Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 2004
Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 2004
Hamelia patens JAQC. (Rubiaceae) is a perennial bush growing in the tropical areas of the America... more Hamelia patens JAQC. (Rubiaceae) is a perennial bush growing in the tropical areas of the American continent. It can reach up to 3 m in height, bearing bright reddish-orange tubular flowers that give rise to red berries. It is commonly known as "bayetilla," "trompetilla," "coralillo," or "hierba coral." These two last names are related to the red color of some of its organs. A number of traditional medicinal applications are known for this species along Latin America, from Mexico to Argentina. In Mexico it is used for 42 different medicinal purposes, especially to stop bleeding, healing sores, and in menstrual disorders (Mendoza, 2000; Argueta et al., 1994). 1,2) Regarding its use in menses, habitants of two different regions of Veracruz, Mexico, use H. patens to stop excessive menstruation (Cano-Asseleith, 1997). 3) Contrastingly, the peasants of Zapotitlan, State of Puebla, Mexico, use it as a remedy for amenorrhea. To prepare the infusion a handful of leaves is poured in 4 l of water, and boiled until only half the volume is remaining. The patient must drink the infusion "constantly" in the next days and follow a diet low in fat. This is also administered against flux and dark bleeding after menstruation, or child delivering (Martínez, et al., 1995). 4) Hamelia patens is a well known medicinal plant for certain ethnic groups in Mexico. For instance, it is the most frequently recorded among 614 medicinal plant species known by the Popoluca people inhabiting the Sierra de Santa Marta in the State of Veracruz, Mexico. In this region, the fresh leaf sap is applied to stop the bleeding of a wound; while the root is used to treat inflamed uterus (Leonti et al., 2001). 5) Scientific research that could sustain H. patens purported folk medicinal uses is scant. However, recent experimental evidence indicates that the topical application of an ointment prepared with the ethanol extract of H. patens aerial parts in
Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 2005
As a preliminary screening test for the trypanocidal activity against epimastigotes of Trypanosom... more As a preliminary screening test for the trypanocidal activity against epimastigotes of Trypanosoma cruzi in vitro, we examined some crude extracts of Mexican medicinal plants. 2) T. cruzi is the etiological agent for Chagas' disease (American trypanosomiasis), one of the most serious protozoan diseases in Latin America. Then we started on identification of the principal compounds of the active extracts seeking new chemotherapeutic agents for Chagas' disease. Lignans 2) from Guaco (roots of Aristolochia taliscana) and xanthones 3) from Bari (stems of Calophyllum brasiliense) were isolated as active components against epimastigotes in vitro. T. cruzi exhibits three developmental stages: epimastigote in the insect gut; trypomastigote, an infectious form in the mammalian blood stream; and an amastigote, a proliferative form in mammalian cells. In this paper we describe the results of continuous preliminary screening tests for trypanocidal activity against trypomastigotes as well as against epimastigotes in some Mexican plants. The edible fruit of Persea americana MILL. (Lauraceae), avocado, is grown throughout the tropics worldwides. The MeOH extract of seeds of Persea americana also showed moderate activity in the screening test. Herein we also describe the identification of the active constituents in seeds of P. americana.
Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2010
Abiotic stress is an important environmental problem limiting crop growth and productivity. Micro... more Abiotic stress is an important environmental problem limiting crop growth and productivity. Micronutrients have ability to overcome stress up to some extent. This study was carried out to investigate the effects of priming with micronutrients (Zn and Cu) on Brassica rapa grown under NaCl stress. Seeds were primed with 100 and 200 ppm ZnSO and CuSO and then treated with different concentrations (0 mM, 60 mM, 4 4 90 mM, 120 mM) of NaCl. Effect of NaCl, ZnSO and CuSO were observed on germination, seedling growth 4 4 separately. It was observed that germination and different seedling growth parameters viz. shoot length, root length, fresh and dry biomass were decreased under different concentrations of NaCl (without treatment of ZnSO and CuSO). It was also observed that treatment with different doses of ZnSO and CuSO exhibited 4 4 4 4 increase in germination and seedling growth in both salinity levels as well as in non-saline conditions.
Canadian Journal of Chemistry, 2022
The tropical tree Calophyllum brasiliense Cambess. (Clusiaceae) grows in rain forests from Brazil... more The tropical tree Calophyllum brasiliense Cambess. (Clusiaceae) grows in rain forests from Brazil to Mexico. Its leaves, as well as those of other Calophyllum species, are rich sources of chromanone acids, such as apetalic acid, isoapetalic acid, and their derivatives. Apetalic acid has shown significant antimycobacterial activity. The biological activity of apetalic acid has been related to the configuration of three asymmetric centers and the stereochemistry of the molecule; however, the C-19 configuration in the acidic side chain has not been fully resolved. For this reason, the unequivocal determination of the absolute configuration by means of X-ray crystallography in a sample of unique homogeneous apetalic acid stereoisomer was the most important point to start this study. Chiral amides were prepared using the carboxyl group. We determined the C-19 stereochemistry of apetalic acid and its specific chiral derivatives using NMR, X-ray diffraction, and molecular mechanics. Finall...
Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 2008
Calophyllum brasiliense and Mammea americana (Clusiaceae) are two trees from the tropical rain fo... more Calophyllum brasiliense and Mammea americana (Clusiaceae) are two trees from the tropical rain forests of the American continent. A previous screening showed high trypanocidal activity in the extracts of these species. Several mammea-type coumarins, triterpenoids and biflavonoids were isolated from the leaves of C. brasiliense. Mammea A/ AA was obtained from the fruit peels of M. americana. These compounds were tested in vitro against epimastigotes and trypomastigotes of Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiologic agent of Chagas disease. The most potent compounds were mammea A/BA, A/BB, A/AA, A/BD and B/BA, with MC 100 values in the range of 15 to 90 μg/ml. Coumarins with a cyclized γ,γ-dimethylallyl substituent on C-6, such as mammea B/BA, cyclo F + B/BB cyclo F, and isomammeigin, showed MC 100 values > 200 μg/ml. Several active coumarins were also tested against normal human lymphocytes in vitro, which showed that mammea A/AA and A/BA were not toxic. Other compounds from C. brasiliense, such as the triterpenoids, friedelin, canophyllol, the biflavonoid amentoflavone, and protocatechuic and shikimic acids, were inactive against the epimastigotes. The isopropylidenedioxy derivative of shikimic acid was inactive, and its structure was confirmed by X-ray diffraction. Our results suggest that mammea-type coumarins could be a valuable source of trypanocidal compounds.
Madera y Bosques, 2016
El interés en los Productos Forestales No Maderables (PFNM) ha aumentado con la creciente concien... more El interés en los Productos Forestales No Maderables (PFNM) ha aumentado con la creciente conciencia sobre la deforestación de los bosques y la necesidad de diversificar e incrementar el valor de los recursos forestales. Los PFNM incluyen productos importantes en la vida diaria de las comunidades locales; además, generan ingresos y empleos complementarios. En el presente trabajo se revisa la información disponible sobre los PFNM en México, con el fin de distinguir tendencias en su producción y contribuir a generar propuestas que incentiven su aprovechamiento sustentable. De acuerdo a fuentes oficiales, en México existen 20 000 especies vegetales, 950 proporcionan PFNM útiles, pero sólo el 10% de esta última cifra se comercializa y está regulada. Actualmente se distinguen siete categorías de PFNM. En el periodo 1985-2003, la producción anual promedio de PFNM fue 135 667 toneladas. La categoría “otros productos” ocupó el primer lugar, seguida por “resinas”, “fibras”, “ceras”, “gomas”...
Cuphea aquipetala Cav. (Hierba del cancer) is used in Mexican traditional medicine. In the presen... more Cuphea aquipetala Cav. (Hierba del cancer) is used in Mexican traditional medicine. In the present work, its most frequent medicinal applications were determined through interviews, revision of herbarium specimens, and bibliography. The quoted applications were: to treat pounds and wounds. For these purposes, the drug (leaf and stem) is prepared and administered as infusion, or as poultice. In order to provide data for inclusion of this species in the Herbal Pharmacopoeia of the United Mexican States (FHEUM) we describe its leaf architecture and diagnostic anatomical characters of drug,. The anatomical study revealed that the three types of trichomes observed can aid to differentiate this species from other Cuphea species. Anatomical variation was observed mainly in the midrib of the leaf. Leaf architecture is first described for this species, and provides the basis for future comparisons. In addition, the acetone-water extract of the aerial parts previously reported as cytotoxic activity against DU-145 (human prostate carcinoma) and HCT-15 (human colon carcinoma), showed the presence of polyphenolic compounds of the type of hydrolysable and condensed tannins, mannitol was isolated and identified.
ABSTRACT Tirso Ríos Castillo, Leovigildo Quijano, Ricardo Reyes-Chilpa (Recibido Junio 2012; Acep... more ABSTRACT Tirso Ríos Castillo, Leovigildo Quijano, Ricardo Reyes-Chilpa (Recibido Junio 2012; Aceptado Octubre 2012) RESUMEN Bernardino de Sahagún, Martin de la Cruz y Francisco Hernández compilaron durante el siglo XVI los conocimientos herbolarios de los antiguos habitantes del territorio mexicano. Sus extraordinarios trabajos son verdaderas ventanas en el tiempo que permiten conocer el saber médico y botánico en la época precolombina. En este artículo presentamos una breve semblanza de las vidas y obras de estos autores, así como una breve revisión química y de las propiedades biológicas de algunas especies vegetales que ellos registraron, en especial Montanoa tomentosa (Asteraceae) conocida hace 500 años como "cihuapatli" = "medicina de mujer". Varios de estos compuestos explican racionalmente, ya sea en todo o en parte, sus antiguas aplicaciones médicas. ABSTRACT Bernardino de Sahagún, Martin de la Cruz, and Francisco Hernández compiled during the XVI century the herbal understanding of the habitants of the current Mexican territory. Their extraordinary works are real a window in time to pre-Columbian medical and botanical knowledge. In this contribution we briefly review their lives and writings, as well as, the chemistry and biological properties of plant species that they recorded, mainly Montanoa tomentosa (Asteraceae) known 500 years ago as "cihuapatli" = "women's medicine". Several compounds explain whole or in part its ancient medicinal applications. www.relaquim.com
Vitae
Antecedentes: Calophyllum brasiliense Cambess. Es un árbol de la familia Calophyllaceae, separada... more Antecedentes: Calophyllum brasiliense Cambess. Es un árbol de la familia Calophyllaceae, separada recientemente de Clusiaceae (Guttiferae). Se distribuye ampliamente en selvas tropicales lluviosas del continente americano, desde Brasil hasta México. Esta especie sintetiza diversos metabolitos secundarios en hojas, flores, frutos, corteza y raíz, tales como cumarinas, cromanonas, xantonas, terpenos, flavonoides y compuestos fenólicos, los cuales presentan múltiples propiedades biológicas. Objetivos: Ofrecer una visión general de las características botánicas, químicas y farmacológicas de C. brasiliense , así como evidencias químicas, anatómicas y genéticas que sugieren la existencia de quimiotipos (fenotipos químicos) en la especie. Métodos: Se revisó la información disponible en las bases de datos NCBI y SciFinder®, se seleccionaron investigaciones relevantes que permitieron conocer los compuestos químicos aislados y su actividad biológica. Resultados: Entre los compuestos sintetiza...