gina ibarra | Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (original) (raw)
Papers by gina ibarra
Interdisciplinaria Archaeologica, Feb 28, 2024
Legacies of The Basin of Mexico: The Ecological Processes in the Evolution of a Civilization
Spanish Journal of Soil Science, Jul 13, 2018
Neste trabalho apresenta-se uma análise micromorfológica detalhada de uma sequência de paleossolo... more Neste trabalho apresenta-se uma análise micromorfológica detalhada de uma sequência de paleossolos e unidades sedimentares do sítio arqueológico de La Playa. Esta sequência formou-se desde o Plistocénico superior (Etapa Isotópica Marina 2) até aos finais do Holocénico. Complementando o estudo micromorfológico apresenta-se uma análise geomorfológica para estabelecer a origem das unidades de paisagem. Os resultados mostram que de acordo com a geomorfologia, La Playa constitui um cone aluvionar, constituído por um complexo canal entrançado. A unidade mais antiga, o Paleossolo San Rafael (SRP) é a mais desenvolvida e tem um conjunto de características associadas às alterações das condições paleoambientais, tais como a meteorização dos minerais primários, iluviação de argila (que evidenciam as condições húmidas do final do Plistocénico), acumulação de carbonatos pedogenéticos no horizonte A (relacionados com os ambientes secos do Altitérmico). O SRP está coberto por sedimentos fluviais, que incluem diferentes fácies interpretados como: planícies de inundação, barras de areia e canais. Estes eventos de sedimentação estão associados ao final do período Altitérmico e evidenciam processos geomorfológicos mais ativos, provavelmente devidos a fortes tempestades que causaram inundações e a migração do afluente principal. Acima da unidade sedimentar, o Paleossolo de Boquillas (BOP), formado durante os finais do Holocénico, deriva de depósitos fluvio-aluvionares originando um solo sin-sedimentar, com um desenvolvimento mais incipiente como é indicado pelas suas características micromorfológicas.
Quaternary International, 2019
The role of pedogenesis in palaeosols of Mexico basin and its implication in the paleoenvironment... more The role of pedogenesis in palaeosols of Mexico basin and its implication in the paleoenvironmental reconstruction,
Frontiers in Earth Science
The soil mantle of the tropical karst landscapes of southern Mexico was a key resource for ancien... more The soil mantle of the tropical karst landscapes of southern Mexico was a key resource for ancient Maya agriculture and experienced deep transformation due to long-term human impacts under changing environmental conditions. We conducted a comparative analysis of three compound soil toposequences in mountainous (Sierra de Chiapas/Middle Usumacinta Valley, Busiljá, and Chinikihá archaeological sites) and platform (NE Yucatán Peninsula, Yalahau region) karst landscapes to reconstruct general tendencies and regional variations in pedodiversity development and soil–human interactions since the Early Preclassic Period. Toposequence characterization is based on macro- and micromorphological observations, accompanied by a suite of laboratory data. Calcareous upland geoforms of all toposequences have similar soil combinations consisting of shallow Rendzina and deep red clayey Terra Rossa types of profiles. We argue that Rendzinas, now dominant in the upland soil cover, in most cases, are not...
Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica Mexicana, Dec 13, 2022
Spanish Journal of Soil Science, 2018
In this work we present a detailed micromorphological analysis of a sequence of palaeosols and se... more In this work we present a detailed micromorphological analysis of a sequence of palaeosols and sedimentary units at La Playa archaeological site. This sequence is from the Late Pleistocene (Marine Isotopic Stage 2) to the Late Holocene. Complementing the micromorphological study, a geomorphological analysis is provided, in order to establish the origin of the landscape units. The results show that according to the geomorphology, La Playa constitutes an alluvial fan, formed by a complex, braided channel. The older unit, the San Rafael Palaeosol (SRP) is the most developed and has a set of features associated with the changing paleoenvironmental conditions such as weathering of the primary minerals, clay illuviation (evidencing humid conditions of the Terminal Pleistocene), pedogenic carbonate accumulation in the A horizon (related to dry environments of Altithermal). The SRP is buried by fluvial sediments, which include different facies interpreted as: floodplain, sandbars, and chann...
Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Geológicas, 2019
En este trabajo se presenta un análisis integral del registro sedimentario y paleopedológico en u... more En este trabajo se presenta un análisis integral del registro sedimentario y paleopedológico en una secuencia edafo-sedimentaria encontrada en la terraza baja del arroyo Tinajas, estado de Sonora. El objetivo de esta investigación es establecer los mecanismos de formación de dicha secuencia que permitan hacer una reconstrucción de las condiciones paleoambientales. La secuencia consiste de un suelo moderno y once paleosuelos intercalados con sedimentos fluviales. Se determinaron sus propiedades físicas (color, granulometría), químicas (pH, conductividad eléctrica, contenido de calcio total), de magnetismo de rocas y micromorfológicas. Así mismo, se hizo la identificación de la mineralogía de arcilla por difracción de rayos X. Prácticamente todos los paleosuelos están decapitados. Debido a la falta de horizontes A, el marco cronológico de la secuencia se obtuvo usando una pequeña cantidad de materia orgánica encontrada en el paleosuelo 8. Para concentrar la materia orgánica, se hizo u...
Quaternary International, 2019
Environmental conditions and human-landscape interaction during the onset of the irrigated agricu... more Environmental conditions and human-landscape interaction during the onset of the irrigated agriculture in Oasisamerica are not clear yet. In la Playa site (Sonora, NW Mexico), the evidences of sedentary population, land cultivation, and water management developed after the end of Altithermal period (around 4,500 yr BP) include more than 550 archaeological features including hundreds of human cremations and a net of buried artificial channels. These findings were closely associated with several palaeosol levels alternating with sediments within a large alluvial fan. We studied micromorphological features, physical characteristics (color, texture, rock magnetic properties), and composition of organic matter, from three profiles (Maravillas, Zanja, and Cuatro Suelos), to reconstruct pedogenesis and sedimentary environment of the palaeosol sequences. Additional paleoenvironmental information was extracted from pollen assemblages, extracted from the Cuatro Suelos profile. The results pointed to a long period of geomorphic and climatic stability in the early-middle Holocene marked by a well-developed red Cambisol. This period was followed by an unstable interval around 4.5 kyr BP marked by severe erosion of earlier soil profiles and sedimentation of different kind: channel, floodplain, and fluvio-eolian. Later synsedimentary Fluvisols were formed showing signs of predominantly arid pedogenesis, interrupted by occasional flooding; indicators of human impact were also encountered. We conclude that the shift to irrigated agriculture as the main subsistence activity occurred during the period of major climatic and geomorphic
Quaternary International, 2019
The role of pedogenesis in palaeosols of Mexico basin and its implication in the paleoenvironment... more The role of pedogenesis in palaeosols of Mexico basin and its implication in the paleoenvironmental reconstruction,
Journal of South American Earth Sciences
Abstract Northern Mexico is predominantly composed of moderately developed red soils that provide... more Abstract Northern Mexico is predominantly composed of moderately developed red soils that provide evidence of weathering, rubification, neoformation of clay, and pedogenic carbonate accumulation. These soils constitute a pedological unit named San Rafael Paleosol (SRP) which were developed during the late Pleistocene (MIS 2) to the middle Holocene (15,000–4500 cal years BP). These paleosols can use as a chronologic marker at a regional scale. In this paper, we present a pedogenic interpretation of the paleosol-sedimentary processes during the late Quaternary, which contributes to the reconstruction of regional paleoenvironment. The development of SRP takes place over more than 15,000 years, and this pedogenesis is interrupted by stages of strong climatic instability, causing erosion of the SRP and sedimentation, presumably during the Altithermal. The records of La Playa show that SRP is buried by fluvial sediments, which include different facies. These sedimentation events are associated with the end of the Altithermal period and evidence more active geomorphic processes. These conditions are also observed at El Gramal, where dune sediments overly the SRP. This discontinuity evidence an intense erosional/sedimentation phase. In the particular case of El Fin del Mundo site, it is observed more mesic conditions as the water table rose, creating a wetland. Much of the synchronous variation in the morphology of the paleosols (pedofacies) can be explained by differences in local geomorphological conditions. These palaoesols developed under a semi-arid climate, slightly more humid than the present one with winter dominant rains and marked seasonal changes. These assumptions are supported by soil micromorphology, physical characteristics (color, grain size distribution) and composition of total organic and inorganic carbon. Additional paleoenvironmental information is also extracted from microbiomorphic analyses and diatoms assemblages from the one profile at El Fin del Mundo site.
Interdisciplinaria Archaeologica, Feb 28, 2024
Legacies of The Basin of Mexico: The Ecological Processes in the Evolution of a Civilization
Spanish Journal of Soil Science, Jul 13, 2018
Neste trabalho apresenta-se uma análise micromorfológica detalhada de uma sequência de paleossolo... more Neste trabalho apresenta-se uma análise micromorfológica detalhada de uma sequência de paleossolos e unidades sedimentares do sítio arqueológico de La Playa. Esta sequência formou-se desde o Plistocénico superior (Etapa Isotópica Marina 2) até aos finais do Holocénico. Complementando o estudo micromorfológico apresenta-se uma análise geomorfológica para estabelecer a origem das unidades de paisagem. Os resultados mostram que de acordo com a geomorfologia, La Playa constitui um cone aluvionar, constituído por um complexo canal entrançado. A unidade mais antiga, o Paleossolo San Rafael (SRP) é a mais desenvolvida e tem um conjunto de características associadas às alterações das condições paleoambientais, tais como a meteorização dos minerais primários, iluviação de argila (que evidenciam as condições húmidas do final do Plistocénico), acumulação de carbonatos pedogenéticos no horizonte A (relacionados com os ambientes secos do Altitérmico). O SRP está coberto por sedimentos fluviais, que incluem diferentes fácies interpretados como: planícies de inundação, barras de areia e canais. Estes eventos de sedimentação estão associados ao final do período Altitérmico e evidenciam processos geomorfológicos mais ativos, provavelmente devidos a fortes tempestades que causaram inundações e a migração do afluente principal. Acima da unidade sedimentar, o Paleossolo de Boquillas (BOP), formado durante os finais do Holocénico, deriva de depósitos fluvio-aluvionares originando um solo sin-sedimentar, com um desenvolvimento mais incipiente como é indicado pelas suas características micromorfológicas.
Quaternary International, 2019
The role of pedogenesis in palaeosols of Mexico basin and its implication in the paleoenvironment... more The role of pedogenesis in palaeosols of Mexico basin and its implication in the paleoenvironmental reconstruction,
Frontiers in Earth Science
The soil mantle of the tropical karst landscapes of southern Mexico was a key resource for ancien... more The soil mantle of the tropical karst landscapes of southern Mexico was a key resource for ancient Maya agriculture and experienced deep transformation due to long-term human impacts under changing environmental conditions. We conducted a comparative analysis of three compound soil toposequences in mountainous (Sierra de Chiapas/Middle Usumacinta Valley, Busiljá, and Chinikihá archaeological sites) and platform (NE Yucatán Peninsula, Yalahau region) karst landscapes to reconstruct general tendencies and regional variations in pedodiversity development and soil–human interactions since the Early Preclassic Period. Toposequence characterization is based on macro- and micromorphological observations, accompanied by a suite of laboratory data. Calcareous upland geoforms of all toposequences have similar soil combinations consisting of shallow Rendzina and deep red clayey Terra Rossa types of profiles. We argue that Rendzinas, now dominant in the upland soil cover, in most cases, are not...
Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica Mexicana, Dec 13, 2022
Spanish Journal of Soil Science, 2018
In this work we present a detailed micromorphological analysis of a sequence of palaeosols and se... more In this work we present a detailed micromorphological analysis of a sequence of palaeosols and sedimentary units at La Playa archaeological site. This sequence is from the Late Pleistocene (Marine Isotopic Stage 2) to the Late Holocene. Complementing the micromorphological study, a geomorphological analysis is provided, in order to establish the origin of the landscape units. The results show that according to the geomorphology, La Playa constitutes an alluvial fan, formed by a complex, braided channel. The older unit, the San Rafael Palaeosol (SRP) is the most developed and has a set of features associated with the changing paleoenvironmental conditions such as weathering of the primary minerals, clay illuviation (evidencing humid conditions of the Terminal Pleistocene), pedogenic carbonate accumulation in the A horizon (related to dry environments of Altithermal). The SRP is buried by fluvial sediments, which include different facies interpreted as: floodplain, sandbars, and chann...
Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Geológicas, 2019
En este trabajo se presenta un análisis integral del registro sedimentario y paleopedológico en u... more En este trabajo se presenta un análisis integral del registro sedimentario y paleopedológico en una secuencia edafo-sedimentaria encontrada en la terraza baja del arroyo Tinajas, estado de Sonora. El objetivo de esta investigación es establecer los mecanismos de formación de dicha secuencia que permitan hacer una reconstrucción de las condiciones paleoambientales. La secuencia consiste de un suelo moderno y once paleosuelos intercalados con sedimentos fluviales. Se determinaron sus propiedades físicas (color, granulometría), químicas (pH, conductividad eléctrica, contenido de calcio total), de magnetismo de rocas y micromorfológicas. Así mismo, se hizo la identificación de la mineralogía de arcilla por difracción de rayos X. Prácticamente todos los paleosuelos están decapitados. Debido a la falta de horizontes A, el marco cronológico de la secuencia se obtuvo usando una pequeña cantidad de materia orgánica encontrada en el paleosuelo 8. Para concentrar la materia orgánica, se hizo u...
Quaternary International, 2019
Environmental conditions and human-landscape interaction during the onset of the irrigated agricu... more Environmental conditions and human-landscape interaction during the onset of the irrigated agriculture in Oasisamerica are not clear yet. In la Playa site (Sonora, NW Mexico), the evidences of sedentary population, land cultivation, and water management developed after the end of Altithermal period (around 4,500 yr BP) include more than 550 archaeological features including hundreds of human cremations and a net of buried artificial channels. These findings were closely associated with several palaeosol levels alternating with sediments within a large alluvial fan. We studied micromorphological features, physical characteristics (color, texture, rock magnetic properties), and composition of organic matter, from three profiles (Maravillas, Zanja, and Cuatro Suelos), to reconstruct pedogenesis and sedimentary environment of the palaeosol sequences. Additional paleoenvironmental information was extracted from pollen assemblages, extracted from the Cuatro Suelos profile. The results pointed to a long period of geomorphic and climatic stability in the early-middle Holocene marked by a well-developed red Cambisol. This period was followed by an unstable interval around 4.5 kyr BP marked by severe erosion of earlier soil profiles and sedimentation of different kind: channel, floodplain, and fluvio-eolian. Later synsedimentary Fluvisols were formed showing signs of predominantly arid pedogenesis, interrupted by occasional flooding; indicators of human impact were also encountered. We conclude that the shift to irrigated agriculture as the main subsistence activity occurred during the period of major climatic and geomorphic
Quaternary International, 2019
The role of pedogenesis in palaeosols of Mexico basin and its implication in the paleoenvironment... more The role of pedogenesis in palaeosols of Mexico basin and its implication in the paleoenvironmental reconstruction,
Journal of South American Earth Sciences
Abstract Northern Mexico is predominantly composed of moderately developed red soils that provide... more Abstract Northern Mexico is predominantly composed of moderately developed red soils that provide evidence of weathering, rubification, neoformation of clay, and pedogenic carbonate accumulation. These soils constitute a pedological unit named San Rafael Paleosol (SRP) which were developed during the late Pleistocene (MIS 2) to the middle Holocene (15,000–4500 cal years BP). These paleosols can use as a chronologic marker at a regional scale. In this paper, we present a pedogenic interpretation of the paleosol-sedimentary processes during the late Quaternary, which contributes to the reconstruction of regional paleoenvironment. The development of SRP takes place over more than 15,000 years, and this pedogenesis is interrupted by stages of strong climatic instability, causing erosion of the SRP and sedimentation, presumably during the Altithermal. The records of La Playa show that SRP is buried by fluvial sediments, which include different facies. These sedimentation events are associated with the end of the Altithermal period and evidence more active geomorphic processes. These conditions are also observed at El Gramal, where dune sediments overly the SRP. This discontinuity evidence an intense erosional/sedimentation phase. In the particular case of El Fin del Mundo site, it is observed more mesic conditions as the water table rose, creating a wetland. Much of the synchronous variation in the morphology of the paleosols (pedofacies) can be explained by differences in local geomorphological conditions. These palaoesols developed under a semi-arid climate, slightly more humid than the present one with winter dominant rains and marked seasonal changes. These assumptions are supported by soil micromorphology, physical characteristics (color, grain size distribution) and composition of total organic and inorganic carbon. Additional paleoenvironmental information is also extracted from microbiomorphic analyses and diatoms assemblages from the one profile at El Fin del Mundo site.