Axel Oswaldo Martínez Ramírez | UNAM Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (original) (raw)
Papers by Axel Oswaldo Martínez Ramírez
General Directorate of Libraries and Digital Services of Information of the National Autonomous University of Mexico, Oct 10, 2024
The United States has been a well-known immigrant-recipient country since its founding. Notwithst... more The United States has been a well-known immigrant-recipient country since its founding. Notwithstanding, the change of the ethnic origin of those arriving in the American Union has provoked a reinvigoration of the aversion towards immigrants in that country, which coincides with a global demographic phenomenon that for some decades has been taking shape in the United States: the different rates of demographic growth and the ageing of its population, whose consequences affect in a more disproportionate way the founding population of that state, that is, the white Anglo-Saxons. All in all, this thesis presents a study about how both processes, Latino immigration and their offspring and the ageing of the population converge to reinforce xenophobia in this North American country, which has been used discursively by Anglo-Saxon white supremacists, in particular henceforth the election of Donald J. Trump as president. Albeit the supposed criminality attributed to immigrants is a discourse that has been exploited to criminalise them, the present work emphasises the fear of the white Anglo-Saxon population of being ‘replaced’ or overcome as a consequence of its ageing and the demographic growth of the population of Latino origin as a result of the high fertility of undocumented immigrants, who above all come from Latin America and the Caribbean.
Revista Cultura y Religión, Dec 28, 2023
The scrutiny of the Holy See’s foreign policy is not typically easy. In the exercise of this, int... more The scrutiny of the Holy See’s foreign policy is not typically easy. In the exercise of this, inter alia, two precepts are put into practice: ecumenism and interreligious dialogue. In the present article, it is examined how this is conducted during Francis’ Pontificate towards the Republic of Turkey to fight the problem of Christianophobia in the country. In the end, it is demonstrated that though there is congruence between the foreign policy’s words and actions, unfortunately, the cordiality seen between political and religious leaders has not permeated the Turkish citizenry yet. ISSN: 0718-4727
Borders are subject to constant debate, especially in contemporary times, and generally it centre... more Borders are subject to constant debate, especially in contemporary times, and generally it centres on one question: how much control does a border need? The border analysed in this essay is the Mexican-American border, and arguments for both positions of the debate coming from North American academia will be evaluated. Despite many scholars do not necessarily advocate in favour of one side, their arguments’ logic is usually cited in the debate. Ultimately, it will be pointed out that while pro-open border supporters have a wider array of arguments backing less strict border controls (e.g. human rights, the environment, etc.), pro-closed border adherents generally focused only on traditional security arguments to advocate in favour of tougher border controls. Consequently, the type of migration governability policies that each side will pursue will also be equally different. ISSN: 2007-7130
What factors determine the divergent foreign policies hegemons can take? For some critics it may ... more What factors determine the divergent foreign policies hegemons can take? For some critics it may be more about domestic elements, whereas others prefer to argue in favour of system-level aspects. In this paper, through the lenses of the neoclassical realist theory, it will be demonstrated that both types of factors influence the foreign policy decisions that the contemporary superpowers take, namely the United States and China, but that the primacy of some factors over others depends on the nature of the international system's environment, i.e. whether it is restrictive or permissive. The case study to test this will be the international distribution of covid-19 vaccines. In the end, it will be proved that China decided to donate their coronavirus vaccines far before the United States did because the international system facilitated that some domestic intervening variables encouraged China to do so. The United States would do the same until mid-2021 because for them the international system empowered the necessary domestic intervening variables for donating covid-19 vaccines until then. Albeit the remarkable difference between the foreign policies, eventually both played well for each country. ISSN: 2448-8623
Editorial E-dae, 2021
¿Es cierto que la época de los imperios europeos ha quedado en el pasado? Si bien es cierto que E... more ¿Es cierto que la época de los imperios europeos ha quedado en el pasado? Si bien es cierto que Europa ya no es el indiscutible centro del mundo, si es falso argumentar que “Europa ya no está por todos lados”. Por ejemplo, en estricto sentido, Reino Unido y Estados Unidos tienen frontera común, de la misma forma que Dinamarca tiene aguas nacionales en el Océano Ártico, a pesar de que el país nórdico se encuentra atrapado entre el Mar Báltico y el Mar del Norte. Los territorios de ultramar europeos son “los tentáculos” que algunas antiguas potencias imperiales, como Reino Unido y Dinamarca, aún tienen extendidos por el mundo. Pero, ¿por qué siguen sin independizarse estos territorios? La presente investigación indaga sobre dos casos: Reino Unido y Dinamarca. Primero, se dará una breve introducción general. Enseguida, se abordará a Reino Unido, primero dando una breve introducción a los Territorios de Ultramar Británicos, luego a las tensiones contemporáneas Territorios-metrópoli, y al final puntualizando los beneficios que obtienen tanto los Territorios como Reino Unido de la no independencia de los primeros. Después se hará exactamente lo mismo con Dinamarca pero, a diferencia de Reino Unido (que tiene 14 Territorios), se dará más lujo de detalle pues solo hay dos Territorios de Ultramar Daneses. Al final, el lector comprenderá porque la no independencia de los Territorios es altamente beneficiosa tanto para ellos mismos como para sus metrópolis.
Editorial E-dae, 2021
Some academic literature argues the 'humanitarian' interventions in Kosovo (1999) and Libya (2011... more Some academic literature argues the 'humanitarian' interventions in Kosovo (1999) and Libya (2011) were considerably more 'successful' compared with other inventions such as Rwanda's (1993) or Somalia's (1992). But, what determines the success of humanitarian interventions? or, better say, can there be criteria to judge whether a humanitarian intervention will be a failure or not? In this article, some insights are provided to demonstrate that 'humanitarian' interventions have nothing about humanitarianism but only the name. Instead, 'humanitarian' interventions are always about interests, and because interests can change, it is difficult to establish rigorous criteria to assess whether interventions have achieved their objectives or not.
Editorial E-dae, 2020
This article describes briefly the deplorable panorama about the unequal wealth distribution in M... more This article describes briefly the deplorable panorama about the unequal wealth distribution in Mexico. It first shows in numbers how bad the situation is and points out when this issue worsened. Afterwards, some political and economic implications related to this problem are mentioned. Finally, it concludes with a quadripartite suggestion aimed at improving the status quo taken from a study about inequality.
Editorial E-dae, 2020
Con motivo del 210 aniversario del inicio de la Guerra de Independencia y del 110 del inicio de l... more Con motivo del 210 aniversario del inicio de la Guerra de Independencia y del 110 del inicio de la Revolución Mexicana, y considerando ciertas críticas que se han hecho hacia monumentos recientemente, esta investigación invita al lector a reflexionar el valor de nuestros monumentos históricos a través, en este caso, del análisis de los ejemplos de dos de los monumentos más importantes en Ciudad de México por los hitos nacionales que conmemoran.
Editorial E-dae, 2020
This is a complete scrutiny regarding the political responses given by national and international... more This is a complete scrutiny regarding the political responses given by national and international authorities against the COVID-19 pandemic to understand why they have been a disastrous failure up to July 2020. The events surrounding the performances from the World Health Organisation and the Mexican government are analysed and compared with one of the major theories of international relations: political realism. Herewith, this paper demonstrates that the political responses taken by both of the aforementioned authorities failed to tackle the issue and to protect the people because they refused to take realist, tough and drastic measures since the beginning of the outbreak despite the international environment showed them those were the type of measures that had to be taken.
Editorial E-dae, 2020
A thorough analysis of how the circumstances surrounding the construction of the Grand Ethiopian ... more A thorough analysis of how the circumstances surrounding the construction of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) in the Blue Nile River have triggered a geopolitical dispute chiefly between Egypt and Ethiopia, from which the latter may arise as a new regional power in north-east Africa.
Conference Presentations by Axel Oswaldo Martínez Ramírez
6a Semana Nacional de las Ciencias Sociales - COMECSO, Oct 2023
Presentación general de las bases, la tradición y los fundamentos teológicos y legales de la dipl... more Presentación general de las bases, la tradición y los fundamentos teológicos y legales de la diplomacia de la Santa Sede para analizar los retos y las oportunidades contemporáneas de la misma y comprender la política exterior de la Santa Sede y las relaciones internacionales de la Iglesia.
Asociación Mexicana de Ciencias Políticas, 2019
Monitoreo de redes sociales y portales digitales durante el periodo de campaña de la elección ext... more Monitoreo de redes sociales y portales digitales durante el periodo de campaña de la elección extraordinaria de la Gubernatura de Puebla en 2019.
Book Reviews by Axel Oswaldo Martínez Ramírez
![Research paper thumbnail of [Review] Categorías políticas de la democracia ante un mundo en cambio, by Pablo A. González Ulloa Aguirre and Osmar Cervantes González](https://attachments.academia-assets.com/110530258/thumbnails/1.jpg)
](Central European Political Science Review, 2024
Review of the book 'Categorías políticas de la democracia ante un mundo en cambio', by Pablo A. G... more Review of the book 'Categorías políticas de la democracia ante un mundo en cambio', by Pablo A. González Ulloa Aguirre y Osmar Cervantes González (coords.) published in 2023 by Editorial Gedisa Mexicana (ISBN: 978-607-8866-58-8). ISSN: 1586-4197
![Research paper thumbnail of [Reseña] Pope Francis: Journeys of a Peacemaker, de Mario I. Aguilar](https://attachments.academia-assets.com/107795524/thumbnails/1.jpg)
](Efemérides Mexicana, Nov 24, 2023
Reseña sobre el libro "Pope Francis: Journeys of a Peacemaker" de Mario I. Aguilar publicado en 2... more Reseña sobre el libro "Pope Francis: Journeys of a Peacemaker" de Mario I. Aguilar publicado en 2021 por Routledge India (https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003172345). ISSN: 0188-1450
General Directorate of Libraries and Digital Services of Information of the National Autonomous University of Mexico, Oct 10, 2024
The United States has been a well-known immigrant-recipient country since its founding. Notwithst... more The United States has been a well-known immigrant-recipient country since its founding. Notwithstanding, the change of the ethnic origin of those arriving in the American Union has provoked a reinvigoration of the aversion towards immigrants in that country, which coincides with a global demographic phenomenon that for some decades has been taking shape in the United States: the different rates of demographic growth and the ageing of its population, whose consequences affect in a more disproportionate way the founding population of that state, that is, the white Anglo-Saxons. All in all, this thesis presents a study about how both processes, Latino immigration and their offspring and the ageing of the population converge to reinforce xenophobia in this North American country, which has been used discursively by Anglo-Saxon white supremacists, in particular henceforth the election of Donald J. Trump as president. Albeit the supposed criminality attributed to immigrants is a discourse that has been exploited to criminalise them, the present work emphasises the fear of the white Anglo-Saxon population of being ‘replaced’ or overcome as a consequence of its ageing and the demographic growth of the population of Latino origin as a result of the high fertility of undocumented immigrants, who above all come from Latin America and the Caribbean.
Revista Cultura y Religión, Dec 28, 2023
The scrutiny of the Holy See’s foreign policy is not typically easy. In the exercise of this, int... more The scrutiny of the Holy See’s foreign policy is not typically easy. In the exercise of this, inter alia, two precepts are put into practice: ecumenism and interreligious dialogue. In the present article, it is examined how this is conducted during Francis’ Pontificate towards the Republic of Turkey to fight the problem of Christianophobia in the country. In the end, it is demonstrated that though there is congruence between the foreign policy’s words and actions, unfortunately, the cordiality seen between political and religious leaders has not permeated the Turkish citizenry yet. ISSN: 0718-4727
Borders are subject to constant debate, especially in contemporary times, and generally it centre... more Borders are subject to constant debate, especially in contemporary times, and generally it centres on one question: how much control does a border need? The border analysed in this essay is the Mexican-American border, and arguments for both positions of the debate coming from North American academia will be evaluated. Despite many scholars do not necessarily advocate in favour of one side, their arguments’ logic is usually cited in the debate. Ultimately, it will be pointed out that while pro-open border supporters have a wider array of arguments backing less strict border controls (e.g. human rights, the environment, etc.), pro-closed border adherents generally focused only on traditional security arguments to advocate in favour of tougher border controls. Consequently, the type of migration governability policies that each side will pursue will also be equally different. ISSN: 2007-7130
What factors determine the divergent foreign policies hegemons can take? For some critics it may ... more What factors determine the divergent foreign policies hegemons can take? For some critics it may be more about domestic elements, whereas others prefer to argue in favour of system-level aspects. In this paper, through the lenses of the neoclassical realist theory, it will be demonstrated that both types of factors influence the foreign policy decisions that the contemporary superpowers take, namely the United States and China, but that the primacy of some factors over others depends on the nature of the international system's environment, i.e. whether it is restrictive or permissive. The case study to test this will be the international distribution of covid-19 vaccines. In the end, it will be proved that China decided to donate their coronavirus vaccines far before the United States did because the international system facilitated that some domestic intervening variables encouraged China to do so. The United States would do the same until mid-2021 because for them the international system empowered the necessary domestic intervening variables for donating covid-19 vaccines until then. Albeit the remarkable difference between the foreign policies, eventually both played well for each country. ISSN: 2448-8623
Editorial E-dae, 2021
¿Es cierto que la época de los imperios europeos ha quedado en el pasado? Si bien es cierto que E... more ¿Es cierto que la época de los imperios europeos ha quedado en el pasado? Si bien es cierto que Europa ya no es el indiscutible centro del mundo, si es falso argumentar que “Europa ya no está por todos lados”. Por ejemplo, en estricto sentido, Reino Unido y Estados Unidos tienen frontera común, de la misma forma que Dinamarca tiene aguas nacionales en el Océano Ártico, a pesar de que el país nórdico se encuentra atrapado entre el Mar Báltico y el Mar del Norte. Los territorios de ultramar europeos son “los tentáculos” que algunas antiguas potencias imperiales, como Reino Unido y Dinamarca, aún tienen extendidos por el mundo. Pero, ¿por qué siguen sin independizarse estos territorios? La presente investigación indaga sobre dos casos: Reino Unido y Dinamarca. Primero, se dará una breve introducción general. Enseguida, se abordará a Reino Unido, primero dando una breve introducción a los Territorios de Ultramar Británicos, luego a las tensiones contemporáneas Territorios-metrópoli, y al final puntualizando los beneficios que obtienen tanto los Territorios como Reino Unido de la no independencia de los primeros. Después se hará exactamente lo mismo con Dinamarca pero, a diferencia de Reino Unido (que tiene 14 Territorios), se dará más lujo de detalle pues solo hay dos Territorios de Ultramar Daneses. Al final, el lector comprenderá porque la no independencia de los Territorios es altamente beneficiosa tanto para ellos mismos como para sus metrópolis.
Editorial E-dae, 2021
Some academic literature argues the 'humanitarian' interventions in Kosovo (1999) and Libya (2011... more Some academic literature argues the 'humanitarian' interventions in Kosovo (1999) and Libya (2011) were considerably more 'successful' compared with other inventions such as Rwanda's (1993) or Somalia's (1992). But, what determines the success of humanitarian interventions? or, better say, can there be criteria to judge whether a humanitarian intervention will be a failure or not? In this article, some insights are provided to demonstrate that 'humanitarian' interventions have nothing about humanitarianism but only the name. Instead, 'humanitarian' interventions are always about interests, and because interests can change, it is difficult to establish rigorous criteria to assess whether interventions have achieved their objectives or not.
Editorial E-dae, 2020
This article describes briefly the deplorable panorama about the unequal wealth distribution in M... more This article describes briefly the deplorable panorama about the unequal wealth distribution in Mexico. It first shows in numbers how bad the situation is and points out when this issue worsened. Afterwards, some political and economic implications related to this problem are mentioned. Finally, it concludes with a quadripartite suggestion aimed at improving the status quo taken from a study about inequality.
Editorial E-dae, 2020
Con motivo del 210 aniversario del inicio de la Guerra de Independencia y del 110 del inicio de l... more Con motivo del 210 aniversario del inicio de la Guerra de Independencia y del 110 del inicio de la Revolución Mexicana, y considerando ciertas críticas que se han hecho hacia monumentos recientemente, esta investigación invita al lector a reflexionar el valor de nuestros monumentos históricos a través, en este caso, del análisis de los ejemplos de dos de los monumentos más importantes en Ciudad de México por los hitos nacionales que conmemoran.
Editorial E-dae, 2020
This is a complete scrutiny regarding the political responses given by national and international... more This is a complete scrutiny regarding the political responses given by national and international authorities against the COVID-19 pandemic to understand why they have been a disastrous failure up to July 2020. The events surrounding the performances from the World Health Organisation and the Mexican government are analysed and compared with one of the major theories of international relations: political realism. Herewith, this paper demonstrates that the political responses taken by both of the aforementioned authorities failed to tackle the issue and to protect the people because they refused to take realist, tough and drastic measures since the beginning of the outbreak despite the international environment showed them those were the type of measures that had to be taken.
Editorial E-dae, 2020
A thorough analysis of how the circumstances surrounding the construction of the Grand Ethiopian ... more A thorough analysis of how the circumstances surrounding the construction of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) in the Blue Nile River have triggered a geopolitical dispute chiefly between Egypt and Ethiopia, from which the latter may arise as a new regional power in north-east Africa.
6a Semana Nacional de las Ciencias Sociales - COMECSO, Oct 2023
Presentación general de las bases, la tradición y los fundamentos teológicos y legales de la dipl... more Presentación general de las bases, la tradición y los fundamentos teológicos y legales de la diplomacia de la Santa Sede para analizar los retos y las oportunidades contemporáneas de la misma y comprender la política exterior de la Santa Sede y las relaciones internacionales de la Iglesia.
Asociación Mexicana de Ciencias Políticas, 2019
Monitoreo de redes sociales y portales digitales durante el periodo de campaña de la elección ext... more Monitoreo de redes sociales y portales digitales durante el periodo de campaña de la elección extraordinaria de la Gubernatura de Puebla en 2019.
Central European Political Science Review, 2024
Review of the book 'Categorías políticas de la democracia ante un mundo en cambio', by Pablo A. G... more Review of the book 'Categorías políticas de la democracia ante un mundo en cambio', by Pablo A. González Ulloa Aguirre y Osmar Cervantes González (coords.) published in 2023 by Editorial Gedisa Mexicana (ISBN: 978-607-8866-58-8). ISSN: 1586-4197
Efemérides Mexicana, Nov 24, 2023
Reseña sobre el libro "Pope Francis: Journeys of a Peacemaker" de Mario I. Aguilar publicado en 2... more Reseña sobre el libro "Pope Francis: Journeys of a Peacemaker" de Mario I. Aguilar publicado en 2021 por Routledge India (https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003172345). ISSN: 0188-1450