Judy Letendre | University of Northern British Columbia (original) (raw)

Papers by Judy Letendre

Indian, First Nations, Métis and Inuit. These terms are used interchangeably to reflect the many ... more Indian, First Nations, Métis and Inuit. These terms are used interchangeably to reflect the many terms in current usage. They include all groups of Native or Indigenous peoples regardless of how they are defined elsewhere: treaty, nontreaty, status, non-status, living on reserves or living off reserves, defined by self or by the Canadian government. I do not delineate terms the same as the Canadian government who defines Aboriginal as people who are First Nations/status, Métis or Inuit. I do recognize that many nations are nested in these terms, each with its own culture, protocols and practice and I name different nations as applicable to either the community or the individual. Colonization. An event where an 'alien' people invade a territory inhabited by people of different race and culture and establish political, social, spiritual, intellectual and economic domination. It includes territorial and resource appropriation by the colonizer, loss of sovereignty by the colonized and; policies used to legitimize the 'new' systems in the belief the colonizer ways are superior.(Sue &Sue, 1990; Tauli-Corpuz, 2006) Colonial amnesia. The inability or unwillingness of the colonizer to recall the past oppression that they have perpetuated on the colonized; generally, due to a long history of covering up or minimizing such affects (Adams, 1995). Counsellor, therapist and helper. These terms recognize any person in a therapeutic profession or role. Eurocentric, EuroAmericancentric and Western. These terms describe current mainstream ways of knowing. And differentiate that the Aboriginal way of doing things are different (Kovach, 2009). Gatekeepers. People in the societies who hold decision-making positions, controlling and selecting the information one receives and the access one has to different resources. In a colonial society gatekeepers are essential to keeping power in the hands of the colonizers (Adams, 1995). Western /Eurocentric. A worldview that is different than Indigenous or other worldviews which is often described as; linear, competitive, individualistic, using only observable content, rooted in rational thought; using binary based thinking, being based on dominance and exploitation for individual gain, considering itself superior to other worldviews and cultures; imposing its worldview through colonizing practices; and accepting only content x Ayiwahkemowin [Thinks oneself is greater than the next person-elevating oneself as righteous thus becoming challenging] Hai, hai or ay, ay [indicates thankfulness, thank you] Kisteanemétowin [Respect between people] Kwayaskatisiwin [Spiritual Law-Honesty] Iyiniw Pahminsowin [How I regulate my activity; to work and direct oneself] Mahtahitowin [Spiritual Law-Sharing] Mamatowisin [the capacity to tap the creative life forces of the inner space by the use of all the faculties that constitute our being-it is to exercise inwardness] (Ermine, 1995, p. 104)]

Indian, First Nations, Métis and Inuit. These terms are used interchangeably to reflect the many ... more Indian, First Nations, Métis and Inuit. These terms are used interchangeably to reflect the many terms in current usage. They include all groups of Native or Indigenous peoples regardless of how they are defined elsewhere: treaty, nontreaty, status, non-status, living on reserves or living off reserves, defined by self or by the Canadian government. I do not delineate terms the same as the Canadian government who defines Aboriginal as people who are First Nations/status, Métis or Inuit. I do recognize that many nations are nested in these terms, each with its own culture, protocols and practice and I name different nations as applicable to either the community or the individual. Colonization. An event where an 'alien' people invade a territory inhabited by people of different race and culture and establish political, social, spiritual, intellectual and economic domination. It includes territorial and resource appropriation by the colonizer, loss of sovereignty by the colonized and; policies used to legitimize the 'new' systems in the belief the colonizer ways are superior.(Sue &Sue, 1990; Tauli-Corpuz, 2006) Colonial amnesia. The inability or unwillingness of the colonizer to recall the past oppression that they have perpetuated on the colonized; generally, due to a long history of covering up or minimizing such affects (Adams, 1995). Counsellor, therapist and helper. These terms recognize any person in a therapeutic profession or role. Eurocentric, EuroAmericancentric and Western. These terms describe current mainstream ways of knowing. And differentiate that the Aboriginal way of doing things are different (Kovach, 2009). Gatekeepers. People in the societies who hold decision-making positions, controlling and selecting the information one receives and the access one has to different resources. In a colonial society gatekeepers are essential to keeping power in the hands of the colonizers (Adams, 1995). Western /Eurocentric. A worldview that is different than Indigenous or other worldviews which is often described as; linear, competitive, individualistic, using only observable content, rooted in rational thought; using binary based thinking, being based on dominance and exploitation for individual gain, considering itself superior to other worldviews and cultures; imposing its worldview through colonizing practices; and accepting only content x Ayiwahkemowin [Thinks oneself is greater than the next person-elevating oneself as righteous thus becoming challenging] Hai, hai or ay, ay [indicates thankfulness, thank you] Kisteanemétowin [Respect between people] Kwayaskatisiwin [Spiritual Law-Honesty] Iyiniw Pahminsowin [How I regulate my activity; to work and direct oneself] Mahtahitowin [Spiritual Law-Sharing] Mamatowisin [the capacity to tap the creative life forces of the inner space by the use of all the faculties that constitute our being-it is to exercise inwardness] (Ermine, 1995, p. 104)]