Vijaya Hogan | University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (original) (raw)
Papers by Vijaya Hogan
Clinical epigenetics, 2018
This study assessed the associations between nine differentially methylated regions (DMRs) of imp... more This study assessed the associations between nine differentially methylated regions (DMRs) of imprinted genes in DNA derived from umbilical cord blood leukocytes in males and females and (1) birth weight for gestational age score, (2) weight-for-length (WFL) score at 1 year, and (3) body mass index (BMI) score at 3 years. We conducted multiple linear regression in = 567 infants at birth, = 288 children at 1 year, and = 294 children at 3 years from the Newborn Epigenetics Study (NEST). We stratified by sex and adjusted for race/ethnicity, maternal education, maternal pre-pregnancy BMI, prenatal smoking, maternal age, gestational age, and paternal race. We also conducted analysis restricting to infants not born small for gestational age. We found an association between higher methylation of the sequences regulating paternally expressed gene 10 () and anthropometric scores at 1 year ( = 0.84; 95% CI = 0.34, 1.33; = 0.001) and 3 years ( = 1.03; 95% CI = 0.37, 1.69; value = 0.003) in...
Maternal and child health journal, 2018
Introduction Existing health disparities frameworks do not adequately incorporate unique interact... more Introduction Existing health disparities frameworks do not adequately incorporate unique interacting contributing factors leading to health inequities among African Americans, resulting in public health stakeholders' inability to translate these frameworks into practice. Methods We developed dimensionality and R4P to integrate multiple theoretical perspectives into a framework of action to eliminate health inequities experienced by African Americans. Results The dimensional framework incorporates Critical Race Theory and intersectionality, and includes dimensions of time-past, present and future. Dimensionality captures the complex linear and non-linear array of influences that cause health inequities, but these pathways do not lend themselves to approaches to developing empirically derived programs, policies and interventions to promote health equity. R4P provides a framework for addressing the scope of actions needed. The five components of R4P are (1) Remove, (2) Repair, (3) ...
Social Science & Medicine
Environmental Epigenetics
Interface Comunicacao Saude Educacao, 2010
Revista Da Abpn, Oct 29, 2012
Journal of the American Medical Women S Association, Feb 1, 2001
North Carolina Medical Journal, 2004
Bis Boletim Do Instituto De Saude, 2012
Public health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974)
We used Home Mortgage Disclosure Act (HMDA) data to demonstrate a method for constructing a resid... more We used Home Mortgage Disclosure Act (HMDA) data to demonstrate a method for constructing a residential redlining index to measure institutional racism at the community level. We examined the application of the index to understand the social context of health inequities by applying the residential redlining index among a cohort of pregnant women in Philadelphia. We used HMDA data from 1999-2004 to create residential redlining indices for each census tract in Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania. We linked the redlining indices to data from a pregnancy cohort study and the 2000 Census. We spatially mapped the levels of redlining for each census tract for this pregnancy cohort and tested the association between residential redlining and other community-level measures of segregation and individual health. From 1999-2004, loan applicants in Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania, of black race/ethnicity were almost two times as likely to be denied a mortgage loan compared with applicants who we...
Ethnicity & disease, 2010
Evidence-based care, behavioral interventions, and new technologies applied during the perinatal ... more Evidence-based care, behavioral interventions, and new technologies applied during the perinatal period are insufficient by themselves to reduce or eliminate racial/ethnic disparities in infant mortality. Traditional health and behavioral interventions, and the structures through which they are delivered, do not facilitate adherence to behavioral or health recommendations at home or in the community. The translation of research into practice in the absence of community involvement often results in interventions that are irrelevant to community needs, insensitive to existing culture, inconsistent with the resources available, and strain existing community assets. Using a community-partnered participatory research (CPPR) process, the Healthy African American Families project in Los Angeles developed a multilevel, risk communications strategy to promote awareness about preterm birth in the local community. This paper provides a roadmap, giving insight into the CPPR model and processes ...
Ethnicity & disease, 2010
Preterm birth is the leading cause of infant death for African Americans and is significantly ass... more Preterm birth is the leading cause of infant death for African Americans and is significantly associated with lifelong morbidity. Primary prevention efforts using medical strategies to reduce the rates of preterm birth have been unsuccessful. Using community partnered participatory processes, the Healthy African American Families project in Los Angeles developed a multilevel, risk communications strategy to promote awareness about preterm birth in the local community. Participants included community members, community-based organizations, local government, healthcare providers, and national-level advocates. The initiative focused on increasing social support for pregnant women, providing current information on preterm birth risks, and improving quality of health services. The initiative includes components addressing community education, mass media, provider education, and community advocacy. Products include 100 Intentional Acts of Kindness toward a Pregnant Woman, a doorknob broch...
Ethnicity & disease, 2008
To engage a community to critically examine local health disparities. Concept mapping is a tool u... more To engage a community to critically examine local health disparities. Concept mapping is a tool used to rapidly assess the variations in thinking of large stakeholder groups' about a particular topic. Jackson, Mississippi. Community members. Dialog groups and community meetings were held, and participants were asked to respond to the statement, "A specific thing that causes African Americans to get sicker and die sooner is..." Aggregate responses were rated for importance and feasibility and then sorted into related groups. Aggregate sorts and ratings were then processed by using multidimensional scaling and hierarchical cluster analysis. There were 132 (unduplicated) reported contributors to health disparities. These responses fell into eight general clusters: economic issues, government, contextual factors, cultural factors, HIV, stress, environment, and motivation. Factors respondents felt were the most important contributors to disparities (economic factors, contex...
Maternal and child health journal, 2001
The disparity between blacks and whites in perinatal health ranges from a 2.3-fold excess risk am... more The disparity between blacks and whites in perinatal health ranges from a 2.3-fold excess risk among black women for preterm delivery and infant mortality to a 4-fold excess risk among black women for maternal mortality. To stimulate concerted public health action to address such racial and ethnic disparities in health, the national Healthy People objectives call for elimination of all health disparities by the year 2010. Eliminating health disparities requires a greater understanding of the factors that contribute to their development. This commentary summarizes the state of the science of reducing such disparities and proposes a framework for using the results of qualitative studies on the social context of pregnancy to understand, study, and address disparities in infant mortality and preterm delivery. Understanding the social context of African American women's lives can lead to an improved understanding of the etiology of preterm birth, and can help identify promising new i...
Ethnicity & disease, 2010
In the United States, Black infants have significantly worse birth outcomes than White infants. O... more In the United States, Black infants have significantly worse birth outcomes than White infants. Over the past decades, public health efforts to address these disparities have focused primarily on increasing access to prenatal care, however, this has not led to closing the gap in birth outcomes. We propose a 12-point plan to reduce Black-White disparities in birth outcomes using a life-course approach. The first four points (increase access to interconception care, preconception care, quality prenatal care, and healthcare throughout the life course) address the needs of African American women for quality healthcare across the lifespan. The next four points (strengthen father involvement, systems integration, reproductive social capital, and community building) go beyond individual-level interventions to address enhancing family and community systems that may influence the health of pregnant women, families, and communities. The last four points (close the education gap, reduce povert...
American Journal of Public Health, 2014
Clinical epigenetics, 2018
This study assessed the associations between nine differentially methylated regions (DMRs) of imp... more This study assessed the associations between nine differentially methylated regions (DMRs) of imprinted genes in DNA derived from umbilical cord blood leukocytes in males and females and (1) birth weight for gestational age score, (2) weight-for-length (WFL) score at 1 year, and (3) body mass index (BMI) score at 3 years. We conducted multiple linear regression in = 567 infants at birth, = 288 children at 1 year, and = 294 children at 3 years from the Newborn Epigenetics Study (NEST). We stratified by sex and adjusted for race/ethnicity, maternal education, maternal pre-pregnancy BMI, prenatal smoking, maternal age, gestational age, and paternal race. We also conducted analysis restricting to infants not born small for gestational age. We found an association between higher methylation of the sequences regulating paternally expressed gene 10 () and anthropometric scores at 1 year ( = 0.84; 95% CI = 0.34, 1.33; = 0.001) and 3 years ( = 1.03; 95% CI = 0.37, 1.69; value = 0.003) in...
Maternal and child health journal, 2018
Introduction Existing health disparities frameworks do not adequately incorporate unique interact... more Introduction Existing health disparities frameworks do not adequately incorporate unique interacting contributing factors leading to health inequities among African Americans, resulting in public health stakeholders' inability to translate these frameworks into practice. Methods We developed dimensionality and R4P to integrate multiple theoretical perspectives into a framework of action to eliminate health inequities experienced by African Americans. Results The dimensional framework incorporates Critical Race Theory and intersectionality, and includes dimensions of time-past, present and future. Dimensionality captures the complex linear and non-linear array of influences that cause health inequities, but these pathways do not lend themselves to approaches to developing empirically derived programs, policies and interventions to promote health equity. R4P provides a framework for addressing the scope of actions needed. The five components of R4P are (1) Remove, (2) Repair, (3) ...
Social Science & Medicine
Environmental Epigenetics
Interface Comunicacao Saude Educacao, 2010
Revista Da Abpn, Oct 29, 2012
Journal of the American Medical Women S Association, Feb 1, 2001
North Carolina Medical Journal, 2004
Bis Boletim Do Instituto De Saude, 2012
Public health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974)
We used Home Mortgage Disclosure Act (HMDA) data to demonstrate a method for constructing a resid... more We used Home Mortgage Disclosure Act (HMDA) data to demonstrate a method for constructing a residential redlining index to measure institutional racism at the community level. We examined the application of the index to understand the social context of health inequities by applying the residential redlining index among a cohort of pregnant women in Philadelphia. We used HMDA data from 1999-2004 to create residential redlining indices for each census tract in Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania. We linked the redlining indices to data from a pregnancy cohort study and the 2000 Census. We spatially mapped the levels of redlining for each census tract for this pregnancy cohort and tested the association between residential redlining and other community-level measures of segregation and individual health. From 1999-2004, loan applicants in Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania, of black race/ethnicity were almost two times as likely to be denied a mortgage loan compared with applicants who we...
Ethnicity & disease, 2010
Evidence-based care, behavioral interventions, and new technologies applied during the perinatal ... more Evidence-based care, behavioral interventions, and new technologies applied during the perinatal period are insufficient by themselves to reduce or eliminate racial/ethnic disparities in infant mortality. Traditional health and behavioral interventions, and the structures through which they are delivered, do not facilitate adherence to behavioral or health recommendations at home or in the community. The translation of research into practice in the absence of community involvement often results in interventions that are irrelevant to community needs, insensitive to existing culture, inconsistent with the resources available, and strain existing community assets. Using a community-partnered participatory research (CPPR) process, the Healthy African American Families project in Los Angeles developed a multilevel, risk communications strategy to promote awareness about preterm birth in the local community. This paper provides a roadmap, giving insight into the CPPR model and processes ...
Ethnicity & disease, 2010
Preterm birth is the leading cause of infant death for African Americans and is significantly ass... more Preterm birth is the leading cause of infant death for African Americans and is significantly associated with lifelong morbidity. Primary prevention efforts using medical strategies to reduce the rates of preterm birth have been unsuccessful. Using community partnered participatory processes, the Healthy African American Families project in Los Angeles developed a multilevel, risk communications strategy to promote awareness about preterm birth in the local community. Participants included community members, community-based organizations, local government, healthcare providers, and national-level advocates. The initiative focused on increasing social support for pregnant women, providing current information on preterm birth risks, and improving quality of health services. The initiative includes components addressing community education, mass media, provider education, and community advocacy. Products include 100 Intentional Acts of Kindness toward a Pregnant Woman, a doorknob broch...
Ethnicity & disease, 2008
To engage a community to critically examine local health disparities. Concept mapping is a tool u... more To engage a community to critically examine local health disparities. Concept mapping is a tool used to rapidly assess the variations in thinking of large stakeholder groups' about a particular topic. Jackson, Mississippi. Community members. Dialog groups and community meetings were held, and participants were asked to respond to the statement, "A specific thing that causes African Americans to get sicker and die sooner is..." Aggregate responses were rated for importance and feasibility and then sorted into related groups. Aggregate sorts and ratings were then processed by using multidimensional scaling and hierarchical cluster analysis. There were 132 (unduplicated) reported contributors to health disparities. These responses fell into eight general clusters: economic issues, government, contextual factors, cultural factors, HIV, stress, environment, and motivation. Factors respondents felt were the most important contributors to disparities (economic factors, contex...
Maternal and child health journal, 2001
The disparity between blacks and whites in perinatal health ranges from a 2.3-fold excess risk am... more The disparity between blacks and whites in perinatal health ranges from a 2.3-fold excess risk among black women for preterm delivery and infant mortality to a 4-fold excess risk among black women for maternal mortality. To stimulate concerted public health action to address such racial and ethnic disparities in health, the national Healthy People objectives call for elimination of all health disparities by the year 2010. Eliminating health disparities requires a greater understanding of the factors that contribute to their development. This commentary summarizes the state of the science of reducing such disparities and proposes a framework for using the results of qualitative studies on the social context of pregnancy to understand, study, and address disparities in infant mortality and preterm delivery. Understanding the social context of African American women's lives can lead to an improved understanding of the etiology of preterm birth, and can help identify promising new i...
Ethnicity & disease, 2010
In the United States, Black infants have significantly worse birth outcomes than White infants. O... more In the United States, Black infants have significantly worse birth outcomes than White infants. Over the past decades, public health efforts to address these disparities have focused primarily on increasing access to prenatal care, however, this has not led to closing the gap in birth outcomes. We propose a 12-point plan to reduce Black-White disparities in birth outcomes using a life-course approach. The first four points (increase access to interconception care, preconception care, quality prenatal care, and healthcare throughout the life course) address the needs of African American women for quality healthcare across the lifespan. The next four points (strengthen father involvement, systems integration, reproductive social capital, and community building) go beyond individual-level interventions to address enhancing family and community systems that may influence the health of pregnant women, families, and communities. The last four points (close the education gap, reduce povert...
American Journal of Public Health, 2014