Robert Brunswig | University of Northern Colorado (original) (raw)

Papers by Robert Brunswig

University Press of Colorado eBooks, Aug 3, 2020

Includes bibliographical references and index.Exploring advances in prehistory and early history ... more Includes bibliographical references and index.Exploring advances in prehistory and early history of Numic hunter-gatherers in the Rocky Mountain West through analysis of archaeological and historic research from the earliest established presence more than a thousand years ago to the forced removal of tribes to reservations in the mid-nineteenth century.--Provided by publisher.Introduction to Numic archaeology and ethnohistory / Robert H. Brunswig -- The Shoshone problem: interpreting ethnic identity from the edge of the Eastern Great Basin / Bryon Schroeder -- Considering high altitudes within the Numic Spread / Matthew Stirn -- Northern Ute Origins and holding the world together / Byron Loosle -- Prehistoric villages in the Wind River Mountains, Wyoming / Richard Adams -- The view from Promontory Point / John Ives -- Mountain Ute and earliest Numic colonization of the Southern Rocky Mountains: a new perspective from the Sue Site (5JA421), North Park, Colorado / Robert H. Brunswig -- Reconstructing a prehistoric Ute sacred landscape in the Southern Rocky Mountains / Christine Chady, David Diggs, and Robert H. Brunswig -- Ritual places and sacred pathways of Ute spiritual/mundane landscapes in the Southern Colorado Rockies / Robert H. Brunswig -- Insights regarding the dating of Ute occupation in West Central and Northwest Colorado: a perspective from the Colorado Wickiup Project / Curtis Martin -- Ute and Navajo cultural interaction during the Protohistoric and Early Historic Periods: a view from Western Colorado / Rand Greubel and John D. Cater -- When the mountain people came to Taos: Ute archaeology in the Northern Rio Grande / Lindsay M. Montgomery -- The return of the Native: Northern Ute removal from and return to Colorado ancestral homelands / Sally McBeth -- Afterword / Robert H. Brunswig

The authors draw on their experience and past mountain landscape studies to describe an emerging ... more The authors draw on their experience and past mountain landscape studies to describe an emerging collaborative research project designed to conduct advanced field studies and generate (and test) archaeological landscape models of past hunter-gatherer populations as well as pastoralist and early farming community seasonal transhumance migrations between lowland river valleys of Poland’s Podhale Basin and high altitude forests and meadows its adjacent High Tatra Mountains.

University Press of Colorado eBooks, Aug 3, 2020

Journal of The Economic and Social History of The Orient, May 1, 1977

Page 1. Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient, Vol. XX, Part II THE MELUHHA VI... more Page 1. Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient, Vol. XX, Part II THE MELUHHA VILLAGE EVIDENCE OF ACCULTURATION OF HARAPPAN TRADERS IN LATE THIRD MILLENNIUM MESOPOTAMIA?*) BY ...

University Press of Colorado eBooks, Aug 3, 2020

University Press of Colorado eBooks, Aug 3, 2020

Ecological Questions, Mar 19, 2015

Scientific documentation of global warming, despite disagreement on its ultimate causes, includes... more Scientific documentation of global warming, despite disagreement on its ultimate causes, includes measurable rises in sea levels, more frequently stronger and more violent weather patterns, and accelerating melting of Arctic and Antarctic ice sheets, long-existing glaciers, and "permanent" snow fields. In recent years, there have been numerous discoveries of ancient human, animal, and plant remains melted from long-frozen snow and ice, finds which recently led to development of a new subfield of archaeology known as ice patch or glacial archaeology. Ice patch organic remains, once exposed, are subject to rapid deterioration and destruction. Both cultural and natural remains, if identified and collected prior to extended surface exposure can provide extraordinary evidence about past societies, climates, and ecosystems. This article provides a short background and discussion on the nature and history of the emerging science of glacier/ice patch archaeology and describes results of an ongoing study in the United States' southern Rocky Mountains where ice patch evidence for climate change is integrated with more traditional paleoclimate and archaeological research to reconstruct several millennia of cultural, climate, and ecological landscape evolution.

Plains Anthropologist, Nov 1, 1992

... _~ _. ^... late prehistoric/ neo-atlantic increasing Jarming middle ceramic 4 and drying (ca.... more ... _~ _. ^... late prehistoric/ neo-atlantic increasing Jarming middle ceramic 4 and drying (ca.1000-850 bp) (upper deposits) - early ceramic/ scandic slightly cooler and late plains and moister , woodland 4 (ca.1500-1000 bp) ...

Contents ix 1.1. Map showing major physical features of Colorado 1.2. Map showing major air mass ... more Contents ix 1.1. Map showing major physical features of Colorado 1.2. Map showing major air mass trajectories into the Colorado Front Range 1.3. Schematic diagram comparing till of Pinedale, Bull Lake, and pre-Bull Lake glaciations 1.4. Shaded relief map of Colorado Front Range region showing the locations of glacial and paleoecological sites 1.5. Echo Lake pollen diagram 1.6. Correlation of cultural/chronological periods with paleoenvironmental reconstructions from the Colorado Front Range 2.1. Map of key Paleoindian sites mentioned in Chapter 2 2.2. Contemporary Colorado Paleoindian research program areas discussed in Chapter 2 and the remaining chapters of this volume 3.1. Geographic location of the Dent site I L L u s t R A t I o n s x 3.2. Dent geologic context 3.3. Aerial view of Dent showing the site's drainage fan draw 3.4. Stratigraphic profile of Dent 3.5. Locations of cores and upper draw test trench at Dent 3.6. Profile of UNC's Dent upper (southeast) gulley test trench 3.7. Hypothesized paleolandscape of Dent kill locality 3.8. Aerial view of Dent locality showing a now-abandoned South Platte River channel 3.9. Photograph of the Dent artifacts 4.1. Hierarchy of dentin increments in mammoth tusks and cheek teeth 4.2. Transverse sections through Dent tusk and cheek tooth dentin 4.3. Oxygen isotope sampling from Dent tusk (DMNH 1450) 4.4. Oxygen isotope sampling from root of dP 4 (DMNH 1895) 4.5. Oxygen isotope sampling from root of dP 3 (DMNH 1897) 4.6. Oxygen isotope variation in tusk and cheek tooth dentin and present precipitation 5.1. Photograph of lateral view of EPV.3928, right scapula 5.2. Photograph of EPV.3928, right scapula: distal insertion on the scapular neck viewed from the caudal side 5.3. Photograph of EPV.3928, right scapula: distal insertion of the spine on the scapular neck viewed from the cranial side 5.4. Photograph of EPV.3928, right scapula: hackle marks on the distal scapula showing extensive damage to the lateral glenoid during dismemberment 5.5. Photograph of lateral view of EPV.3931, left scapula: spine dismemberment and dismemberment of pre-spinous fossa from the remainder of the scapular blade 5.6. Photograph of EPV.3931, left scapula: distal insertion of the spine on the scapular neck seen vertically and showing a shear-fracture scar 5.7. Close-up view of EPV.3931, left scapula: fracture through which prespinous fossa was dismembered from the remainder of the scapular blade 5.8. Proximal medial view of EPV.3937, left ulna, showing a crescentic gouge attributed to dismemberment 5.9. Photograph of EPV.3992, left femur: prominent gouge in medial head associated with dismemberment of the hip joint 5.10. Close-up view of EPV.3992, left femur: weathered, filleting cut marks on distal medial surface associated with defleshing 5.11. Photograph of EPV.3992, left femur: anterior distal view of femur showing two depressions that are probable damages attributed to foreshaft pry bars 5.12. Photograph of distal anteromedial view of EPV.3995: right femur diaphysis, showing weathered, filleting cut marks illUstrations xi 6.1. Phytolith frequency diagram of Dent mammoth teeth 7.1. Location of KibRidge-Yampa site in northeastern Colorado 7.2. Combined stratigraphic pollen diagram from KibRidge-Yampa site 7.3. Comparison of pollen sampling strategies 7.4. Monthly and annual insolation, last glacial maximum through the present 7.5. Modeled water balance history, Dinosaur National Monument, Colorado 7.6. Modeled water balance history, Dinosaur National Monument, Colorado, compared to portions of the pollen diagram 7.7. Modeled temperature history, Dinosaur National Monument, Colorado 7.8. Modeled snowfall history, Dinosaur National Monument, Colorado 7.9. Modeled precipitation history, Dinosaur National Monument, Colorado 7.10. March of precipitation from 10,000 to 11,200 rcybp and modern 8.1. Two conjoining biface fragments in situ within main excavation block 8.2. Distributions of burned materials from main excavation block of Barger Gulch, Locality B 8.3. Plan maps of excavation block 8.4. Map of cores and core fragments recovered from primary excavation area 8.5. Plan maps of two bifurcated flake concentrations relative to the hearth 8.6. Maps of the pit feature located to the southeast of the hearth 8.7. Schematic representation of divisions of space used in ring and sector analysis 8.8. Ring diagrams by sector for hearth area showing artifact counts as a function of distance from the hearth 8.9. Plan map of hypothesized barrier effect 8.10. Plan maps of excavation block showing spatial congruence of the possible shelter reconstructed by ring and sector analysis and artifact clusters 8.11. Sector diagrams of piece-plotted debitage, bifaces, flake tools, points and preforms, and cores 8.12. Sector diagrams of piece-plotted artifacts by size class 8.13. Modified ring diagrams for piece-plotted debitage and flake tools 8.14. Plan map of all piece-plotted flake tools mapped onto reconstructed structural walls 9.1. Physiographic map showing Colorado's north-central and central mountain regions illUstrations xii 9.2. GIS map showing locations of all Paleoindian components in the project area 9.3. GIS map distribution of early Paleoindian components in the project area 9.4. Locations of earlier late Paleoindian sites and isolated finds in the project area 9.5. Site distribution of Cody components in the project area 9.6. Site distribution of post-Cody late Paleoindian components in the project area 9.7. Distribution of late Paleoindian cultural components in Rocky Mountain National Park 9.8. Sites with late Paleoindian components in the Bighorn Flats hunting territory 9.9. Distribution of prehistoric sites in the Mount Ida Ridge hunting territory 9.10. Bar chart showing relative percentages of local versus nonlocal projectile point materials by projectile point type/complex 10.1. Angostura point tip and base from the type (Ray Long) site, Black Hills, South Dakota, and Angostura projectile point from 5MF625, Moffat County, Colorado 10.2. Basal convexity/concavity as expressed in specimens with convergent basal sides 10.3. Jimmy Allen projectile points from the type-site, Laramie Basin, southern Wyoming, and from Rocky Mountain National Park 10.4. Scatterplot of basal and maximum widths of Angostura and Jimmy Allen points in the Colorado-Utah sample 10.5. Scatterplot showing the BW and MW of Angostura and Jimmy Allen points in the original sample and the test assemblage of twenty-one points assigned to "Angostura" from the Chance Gulch site (5GN817),

American Antiquity, 1999

esting as a plain old artist's conception. There are a few exceptions: The image of Cahokia a... more esting as a plain old artist's conception. There are a few exceptions: The image of Cahokia at sundown (p. 8) is haunting, and it is good to see the nose restored on the Sphinx (p. 24). Forte's own chapter on Pompeii is the exception to all three failings. A visual delight, it actually tells something of how the virtualizations were developed and uses them effectively to recount this famous episode in antiquity. But these wonderful 10 pages hardly compensate for the rest of the book. Those in need of an image-rich atlas would better served with Past Worlds (Crescent Books, 1995). Those interested in virtual archaeology should head to the World Wide Web, starting with Britton's virtualizations of Lascaux and Ohio Hopewell (cerhas.uc.edu) or Kantner's virtual Great Kiva (sipapu. ucsb.edu/html/kiva.html).

Social sciences, Aug 16, 2013

The Dearfield Dream Project is a collaborative research initiative to conduct historical, cultura... more The Dearfield Dream Project is a collaborative research initiative to conduct historical, cultural, archaeological, and environmental studies on the early 20th Century African-American colony site of Dearfield, Colorado, USA. Because the breadth and significance of the Dearfield Project requires an interdisciplinary research team, a network of research collaborators has been assembled. This research network seeks to discover, preserve, and disseminate knowledge of the site and its surrounding farmsteads' economic, social, political, and environmental history for better understanding and interpretation of its OPEN ACCESS Soc. Sci. 2013, 2 169 contributions to Colorado and U.S. history. Herein, we detail progress that has been made on this important historical/cultural research project. Further, we outline the future of the Dearfield research network along with our current and anticipated subjects of inquiry.

Geoarchaeology-an International Journal, Feb 1, 1998

The Dent site provided the first association of fluted points with mammoth bones in the New World... more The Dent site provided the first association of fluted points with mammoth bones in the New World. However, the stratigraphic integrity of the site has remained in doubt since the original excavations in 1932 and 1933. Core sampling at the Dent Clovis site indicates that the site, on Kersey terrace gravel, extends under railroad tracks adjacent to the original area of excavation. Four hundred meters south the Kuner strath terrace has been exposed by a roadcut at the Bernhardt site. An Archaic hearth dated is near the top of a 1-m-thick 4030 Ϯ 60 B.P. eolian sand overlying 1 m of fine-grained alluvium dated which in turn over-5740 Ϯ 60 B.P., lies sand and gravel of the Kuner strath terrace with an AMS radiocarbon age of 10,105 Ϯ The South Platte River appears to have been quasistable at the Kuner level during the 90 B.P. Younger Dryas when Paleoindians from Clovis to Cody hunted megafauna on the Kersey terrace.

Studies in human ecology and adaptation, Dec 7, 2012

Rocky Mountain National Park (RMNP), USA, is rich in Native American sites, many believed to have... more Rocky Mountain National Park (RMNP), USA, is rich in Native American sites, many believed to have served religious purposes. The University of Northern Colorado has conducted field studies and Native American consultations related to the former existence and nature of sacred sites and their inclusive landscape in the Park since 2001. Field and consultation data have been incorporated into successive generations of a Geographic Information System (GIS) project designed to model and predict spatial distribution of sites and ritual features believed to have constituted those long-lost landscapes. In the most recent iteration of the RMNP sacred landscape modeling research, the ArcSM (Spatial Data Modeler) extension to ArcGIS was utilized to analyze existing site and individual feature data to create a weights-of-evidence site location predictive model of the Park’s sacred landscape. The model incorporates elevation, aspect, local relief, slope, a cost distance from historic and prehistoric trails surface, and the relative visibility of five sacred landmarks. An Agterber and Cheng conditional independence test, an approximate t-test, and the model’s strength on a randomly chosen subset of sacred features were used to assess its validity. The model was found to be moderately predictive of sacred sites and is being used to direct on-going “ground-truthing” surveys in RMNP. By combining diverse sources of archeological, ethnographic, and historic knowledge with results of the weights-of-evidence GIS model, eight specific park locations were identified for future archeological survey efforts. Two ritual site locations predicted by the model were surveyed during 2010 and both produced features believed to be ritual in origin.

Contributions in New World Archaeology

Cultural adaptive strategies in the French Pyrénées and north central Colorado Rocky Mountains in... more Cultural adaptive strategies in the French Pyrénées and north central Colorado Rocky Mountains in the Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene, although reflecting quite different cultural traditions, had broadly comparable topographies and experienced similar climatic and ecosystem changes in the Late Pleistocene through the Early Holocene. Archaeological and paleoenvironmental data presented in this article describe and compare broadly-based culture-environmental change models associated with the role of natural and human seasonal transhumance patterns of respective Late Pleistocene-Early Holocene landscapes of two widely separated world mountain regions, Europe’s Pyrénées and the North America’s Rocky Mountains.

The University Press of Colorado, 2007

Contents ix 1.1. Map showing major physical features of Colorado 1.2. Map showing major air mass ... more Contents ix 1.1. Map showing major physical features of Colorado 1.2. Map showing major air mass trajectories into the Colorado Front Range 1.3. Schematic diagram comparing till of Pinedale, Bull Lake, and pre-Bull Lake glaciations 1.4. Shaded relief map of Colorado Front Range region showing the locations of glacial and paleoecological sites 1.5. Echo Lake pollen diagram 1.6. Correlation of cultural/chronological periods with paleoenvironmental reconstructions from the Colorado Front Range 2.1. Map of key Paleoindian sites mentioned in Chapter 2 2.2. Contemporary Colorado Paleoindian research program areas discussed in Chapter 2 and the remaining chapters of this volume 3.1. Geographic location of the Dent site I L L u s t R A t I o n s x 3.2. Dent geologic context 3.3. Aerial view of Dent showing the site's drainage fan draw 3.4. Stratigraphic profile of Dent 3.5. Locations of cores and upper draw test trench at Dent 3.6. Profile of UNC's Dent upper (southeast) gulley test trench 3.7. Hypothesized paleolandscape of Dent kill locality 3.8. Aerial view of Dent locality showing a now-abandoned South Platte River channel 3.9. Photograph of the Dent artifacts 4.1. Hierarchy of dentin increments in mammoth tusks and cheek teeth 4.2. Transverse sections through Dent tusk and cheek tooth dentin 4.3. Oxygen isotope sampling from Dent tusk (DMNH 1450) 4.4. Oxygen isotope sampling from root of dP 4 (DMNH 1895) 4.5. Oxygen isotope sampling from root of dP 3 (DMNH 1897) 4.6. Oxygen isotope variation in tusk and cheek tooth dentin and present precipitation 5.1. Photograph of lateral view of EPV.3928, right scapula 5.2. Photograph of EPV.3928, right scapula: distal insertion on the scapular neck viewed from the caudal side 5.3. Photograph of EPV.3928, right scapula: distal insertion of the spine on the scapular neck viewed from the cranial side 5.4. Photograph of EPV.3928, right scapula: hackle marks on the distal scapula showing extensive damage to the lateral glenoid during dismemberment 5.5. Photograph of lateral view of EPV.3931, left scapula: spine dismemberment and dismemberment of pre-spinous fossa from the remainder of the scapular blade 5.6. Photograph of EPV.3931, left scapula: distal insertion of the spine on the scapular neck seen vertically and showing a shear-fracture scar 5.7. Close-up view of EPV.3931, left scapula: fracture through which prespinous fossa was dismembered from the remainder of the scapular blade 5.8. Proximal medial view of EPV.3937, left ulna, showing a crescentic gouge attributed to dismemberment 5.9. Photograph of EPV.3992, left femur: prominent gouge in medial head associated with dismemberment of the hip joint 5.10. Close-up view of EPV.3992, left femur: weathered, filleting cut marks on distal medial surface associated with defleshing 5.11. Photograph of EPV.3992, left femur: anterior distal view of femur showing two depressions that are probable damages attributed to foreshaft pry bars 5.12. Photograph of distal anteromedial view of EPV.3995: right femur diaphysis, showing weathered, filleting cut marks illUstrations xi 6.1. Phytolith frequency diagram of Dent mammoth teeth 7.1. Location of KibRidge-Yampa site in northeastern Colorado 7.2. Combined stratigraphic pollen diagram from KibRidge-Yampa site 7.3. Comparison of pollen sampling strategies 7.4. Monthly and annual insolation, last glacial maximum through the present 7.5. Modeled water balance history, Dinosaur National Monument, Colorado 7.6. Modeled water balance history, Dinosaur National Monument, Colorado, compared to portions of the pollen diagram 7.7. Modeled temperature history, Dinosaur National Monument, Colorado 7.8. Modeled snowfall history, Dinosaur National Monument, Colorado 7.9. Modeled precipitation history, Dinosaur National Monument, Colorado 7.10. March of precipitation from 10,000 to 11,200 rcybp and modern 8.1. Two conjoining biface fragments in situ within main excavation block 8.2. Distributions of burned materials from main excavation block of Barger Gulch, Locality B 8.3. Plan maps of excavation block 8.4. Map of cores and core fragments recovered from primary excavation area 8.5. Plan maps of two bifurcated flake concentrations relative to the hearth 8.6. Maps of the pit feature located to the southeast of the hearth 8.7. Schematic representation of divisions of space used in ring and sector analysis 8.8. Ring diagrams by sector for hearth area showing artifact counts as a function of distance from the hearth 8.9. Plan map of hypothesized barrier effect 8.10. Plan maps of excavation block showing spatial congruence of the possible shelter reconstructed by ring and sector analysis and artifact clusters 8.11. Sector diagrams of piece-plotted debitage, bifaces, flake tools, points and preforms, and cores 8.12. Sector diagrams of piece-plotted artifacts by size class 8.13. Modified ring diagrams for piece-plotted debitage and flake tools 8.14. Plan map of all piece-plotted flake tools mapped onto reconstructed structural walls 9.1. Physiographic map showing Colorado's north-central and central mountain regions illUstrations xii 9.2. GIS map showing locations of all Paleoindian components in the project area 9.3. GIS map distribution of early Paleoindian components in the project area 9.4. Locations of earlier late Paleoindian sites and isolated finds in the project area 9.5. Site distribution of Cody components in the project area 9.6. Site distribution of post-Cody late Paleoindian components in the project area 9.7. Distribution of late Paleoindian cultural components in Rocky Mountain National Park 9.8. Sites with late Paleoindian components in the Bighorn Flats hunting territory 9.9. Distribution of prehistoric sites in the Mount Ida Ridge hunting territory 9.10. Bar chart showing relative percentages of local versus nonlocal projectile point materials by projectile point type/complex 10.1. Angostura point tip and base from the type (Ray Long) site, Black Hills, South Dakota, and Angostura projectile point from 5MF625, Moffat County, Colorado 10.2. Basal convexity/concavity as expressed in specimens with convergent basal sides 10.3. Jimmy Allen projectile points from the type-site, Laramie Basin, southern Wyoming, and from Rocky Mountain National Park 10.4. Scatterplot of basal and maximum widths of Angostura and Jimmy Allen points in the Colorado-Utah sample 10.5. Scatterplot showing the BW and MW of Angostura and Jimmy Allen points in the original sample and the test assemblage of twenty-one points assigned to "Angostura" from the Chance Gulch site (5GN817),

University Press of Colorado eBooks, Aug 3, 2020

Includes bibliographical references and index.Exploring advances in prehistory and early history ... more Includes bibliographical references and index.Exploring advances in prehistory and early history of Numic hunter-gatherers in the Rocky Mountain West through analysis of archaeological and historic research from the earliest established presence more than a thousand years ago to the forced removal of tribes to reservations in the mid-nineteenth century.--Provided by publisher.Introduction to Numic archaeology and ethnohistory / Robert H. Brunswig -- The Shoshone problem: interpreting ethnic identity from the edge of the Eastern Great Basin / Bryon Schroeder -- Considering high altitudes within the Numic Spread / Matthew Stirn -- Northern Ute Origins and holding the world together / Byron Loosle -- Prehistoric villages in the Wind River Mountains, Wyoming / Richard Adams -- The view from Promontory Point / John Ives -- Mountain Ute and earliest Numic colonization of the Southern Rocky Mountains: a new perspective from the Sue Site (5JA421), North Park, Colorado / Robert H. Brunswig -- Reconstructing a prehistoric Ute sacred landscape in the Southern Rocky Mountains / Christine Chady, David Diggs, and Robert H. Brunswig -- Ritual places and sacred pathways of Ute spiritual/mundane landscapes in the Southern Colorado Rockies / Robert H. Brunswig -- Insights regarding the dating of Ute occupation in West Central and Northwest Colorado: a perspective from the Colorado Wickiup Project / Curtis Martin -- Ute and Navajo cultural interaction during the Protohistoric and Early Historic Periods: a view from Western Colorado / Rand Greubel and John D. Cater -- When the mountain people came to Taos: Ute archaeology in the Northern Rio Grande / Lindsay M. Montgomery -- The return of the Native: Northern Ute removal from and return to Colorado ancestral homelands / Sally McBeth -- Afterword / Robert H. Brunswig

The authors draw on their experience and past mountain landscape studies to describe an emerging ... more The authors draw on their experience and past mountain landscape studies to describe an emerging collaborative research project designed to conduct advanced field studies and generate (and test) archaeological landscape models of past hunter-gatherer populations as well as pastoralist and early farming community seasonal transhumance migrations between lowland river valleys of Poland’s Podhale Basin and high altitude forests and meadows its adjacent High Tatra Mountains.

University Press of Colorado eBooks, Aug 3, 2020

Journal of The Economic and Social History of The Orient, May 1, 1977

Page 1. Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient, Vol. XX, Part II THE MELUHHA VI... more Page 1. Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient, Vol. XX, Part II THE MELUHHA VILLAGE EVIDENCE OF ACCULTURATION OF HARAPPAN TRADERS IN LATE THIRD MILLENNIUM MESOPOTAMIA?*) BY ...

University Press of Colorado eBooks, Aug 3, 2020

University Press of Colorado eBooks, Aug 3, 2020

Ecological Questions, Mar 19, 2015

Scientific documentation of global warming, despite disagreement on its ultimate causes, includes... more Scientific documentation of global warming, despite disagreement on its ultimate causes, includes measurable rises in sea levels, more frequently stronger and more violent weather patterns, and accelerating melting of Arctic and Antarctic ice sheets, long-existing glaciers, and "permanent" snow fields. In recent years, there have been numerous discoveries of ancient human, animal, and plant remains melted from long-frozen snow and ice, finds which recently led to development of a new subfield of archaeology known as ice patch or glacial archaeology. Ice patch organic remains, once exposed, are subject to rapid deterioration and destruction. Both cultural and natural remains, if identified and collected prior to extended surface exposure can provide extraordinary evidence about past societies, climates, and ecosystems. This article provides a short background and discussion on the nature and history of the emerging science of glacier/ice patch archaeology and describes results of an ongoing study in the United States' southern Rocky Mountains where ice patch evidence for climate change is integrated with more traditional paleoclimate and archaeological research to reconstruct several millennia of cultural, climate, and ecological landscape evolution.

Plains Anthropologist, Nov 1, 1992

... _~ _. ^... late prehistoric/ neo-atlantic increasing Jarming middle ceramic 4 and drying (ca.... more ... _~ _. ^... late prehistoric/ neo-atlantic increasing Jarming middle ceramic 4 and drying (ca.1000-850 bp) (upper deposits) - early ceramic/ scandic slightly cooler and late plains and moister , woodland 4 (ca.1500-1000 bp) ...

Contents ix 1.1. Map showing major physical features of Colorado 1.2. Map showing major air mass ... more Contents ix 1.1. Map showing major physical features of Colorado 1.2. Map showing major air mass trajectories into the Colorado Front Range 1.3. Schematic diagram comparing till of Pinedale, Bull Lake, and pre-Bull Lake glaciations 1.4. Shaded relief map of Colorado Front Range region showing the locations of glacial and paleoecological sites 1.5. Echo Lake pollen diagram 1.6. Correlation of cultural/chronological periods with paleoenvironmental reconstructions from the Colorado Front Range 2.1. Map of key Paleoindian sites mentioned in Chapter 2 2.2. Contemporary Colorado Paleoindian research program areas discussed in Chapter 2 and the remaining chapters of this volume 3.1. Geographic location of the Dent site I L L u s t R A t I o n s x 3.2. Dent geologic context 3.3. Aerial view of Dent showing the site's drainage fan draw 3.4. Stratigraphic profile of Dent 3.5. Locations of cores and upper draw test trench at Dent 3.6. Profile of UNC's Dent upper (southeast) gulley test trench 3.7. Hypothesized paleolandscape of Dent kill locality 3.8. Aerial view of Dent locality showing a now-abandoned South Platte River channel 3.9. Photograph of the Dent artifacts 4.1. Hierarchy of dentin increments in mammoth tusks and cheek teeth 4.2. Transverse sections through Dent tusk and cheek tooth dentin 4.3. Oxygen isotope sampling from Dent tusk (DMNH 1450) 4.4. Oxygen isotope sampling from root of dP 4 (DMNH 1895) 4.5. Oxygen isotope sampling from root of dP 3 (DMNH 1897) 4.6. Oxygen isotope variation in tusk and cheek tooth dentin and present precipitation 5.1. Photograph of lateral view of EPV.3928, right scapula 5.2. Photograph of EPV.3928, right scapula: distal insertion on the scapular neck viewed from the caudal side 5.3. Photograph of EPV.3928, right scapula: distal insertion of the spine on the scapular neck viewed from the cranial side 5.4. Photograph of EPV.3928, right scapula: hackle marks on the distal scapula showing extensive damage to the lateral glenoid during dismemberment 5.5. Photograph of lateral view of EPV.3931, left scapula: spine dismemberment and dismemberment of pre-spinous fossa from the remainder of the scapular blade 5.6. Photograph of EPV.3931, left scapula: distal insertion of the spine on the scapular neck seen vertically and showing a shear-fracture scar 5.7. Close-up view of EPV.3931, left scapula: fracture through which prespinous fossa was dismembered from the remainder of the scapular blade 5.8. Proximal medial view of EPV.3937, left ulna, showing a crescentic gouge attributed to dismemberment 5.9. Photograph of EPV.3992, left femur: prominent gouge in medial head associated with dismemberment of the hip joint 5.10. Close-up view of EPV.3992, left femur: weathered, filleting cut marks on distal medial surface associated with defleshing 5.11. Photograph of EPV.3992, left femur: anterior distal view of femur showing two depressions that are probable damages attributed to foreshaft pry bars 5.12. Photograph of distal anteromedial view of EPV.3995: right femur diaphysis, showing weathered, filleting cut marks illUstrations xi 6.1. Phytolith frequency diagram of Dent mammoth teeth 7.1. Location of KibRidge-Yampa site in northeastern Colorado 7.2. Combined stratigraphic pollen diagram from KibRidge-Yampa site 7.3. Comparison of pollen sampling strategies 7.4. Monthly and annual insolation, last glacial maximum through the present 7.5. Modeled water balance history, Dinosaur National Monument, Colorado 7.6. Modeled water balance history, Dinosaur National Monument, Colorado, compared to portions of the pollen diagram 7.7. Modeled temperature history, Dinosaur National Monument, Colorado 7.8. Modeled snowfall history, Dinosaur National Monument, Colorado 7.9. Modeled precipitation history, Dinosaur National Monument, Colorado 7.10. March of precipitation from 10,000 to 11,200 rcybp and modern 8.1. Two conjoining biface fragments in situ within main excavation block 8.2. Distributions of burned materials from main excavation block of Barger Gulch, Locality B 8.3. Plan maps of excavation block 8.4. Map of cores and core fragments recovered from primary excavation area 8.5. Plan maps of two bifurcated flake concentrations relative to the hearth 8.6. Maps of the pit feature located to the southeast of the hearth 8.7. Schematic representation of divisions of space used in ring and sector analysis 8.8. Ring diagrams by sector for hearth area showing artifact counts as a function of distance from the hearth 8.9. Plan map of hypothesized barrier effect 8.10. Plan maps of excavation block showing spatial congruence of the possible shelter reconstructed by ring and sector analysis and artifact clusters 8.11. Sector diagrams of piece-plotted debitage, bifaces, flake tools, points and preforms, and cores 8.12. Sector diagrams of piece-plotted artifacts by size class 8.13. Modified ring diagrams for piece-plotted debitage and flake tools 8.14. Plan map of all piece-plotted flake tools mapped onto reconstructed structural walls 9.1. Physiographic map showing Colorado's north-central and central mountain regions illUstrations xii 9.2. GIS map showing locations of all Paleoindian components in the project area 9.3. GIS map distribution of early Paleoindian components in the project area 9.4. Locations of earlier late Paleoindian sites and isolated finds in the project area 9.5. Site distribution of Cody components in the project area 9.6. Site distribution of post-Cody late Paleoindian components in the project area 9.7. Distribution of late Paleoindian cultural components in Rocky Mountain National Park 9.8. Sites with late Paleoindian components in the Bighorn Flats hunting territory 9.9. Distribution of prehistoric sites in the Mount Ida Ridge hunting territory 9.10. Bar chart showing relative percentages of local versus nonlocal projectile point materials by projectile point type/complex 10.1. Angostura point tip and base from the type (Ray Long) site, Black Hills, South Dakota, and Angostura projectile point from 5MF625, Moffat County, Colorado 10.2. Basal convexity/concavity as expressed in specimens with convergent basal sides 10.3. Jimmy Allen projectile points from the type-site, Laramie Basin, southern Wyoming, and from Rocky Mountain National Park 10.4. Scatterplot of basal and maximum widths of Angostura and Jimmy Allen points in the Colorado-Utah sample 10.5. Scatterplot showing the BW and MW of Angostura and Jimmy Allen points in the original sample and the test assemblage of twenty-one points assigned to "Angostura" from the Chance Gulch site (5GN817),

American Antiquity, 1999

esting as a plain old artist's conception. There are a few exceptions: The image of Cahokia a... more esting as a plain old artist's conception. There are a few exceptions: The image of Cahokia at sundown (p. 8) is haunting, and it is good to see the nose restored on the Sphinx (p. 24). Forte's own chapter on Pompeii is the exception to all three failings. A visual delight, it actually tells something of how the virtualizations were developed and uses them effectively to recount this famous episode in antiquity. But these wonderful 10 pages hardly compensate for the rest of the book. Those in need of an image-rich atlas would better served with Past Worlds (Crescent Books, 1995). Those interested in virtual archaeology should head to the World Wide Web, starting with Britton's virtualizations of Lascaux and Ohio Hopewell (cerhas.uc.edu) or Kantner's virtual Great Kiva (sipapu. ucsb.edu/html/kiva.html).

Social sciences, Aug 16, 2013

The Dearfield Dream Project is a collaborative research initiative to conduct historical, cultura... more The Dearfield Dream Project is a collaborative research initiative to conduct historical, cultural, archaeological, and environmental studies on the early 20th Century African-American colony site of Dearfield, Colorado, USA. Because the breadth and significance of the Dearfield Project requires an interdisciplinary research team, a network of research collaborators has been assembled. This research network seeks to discover, preserve, and disseminate knowledge of the site and its surrounding farmsteads' economic, social, political, and environmental history for better understanding and interpretation of its OPEN ACCESS Soc. Sci. 2013, 2 169 contributions to Colorado and U.S. history. Herein, we detail progress that has been made on this important historical/cultural research project. Further, we outline the future of the Dearfield research network along with our current and anticipated subjects of inquiry.

Geoarchaeology-an International Journal, Feb 1, 1998

The Dent site provided the first association of fluted points with mammoth bones in the New World... more The Dent site provided the first association of fluted points with mammoth bones in the New World. However, the stratigraphic integrity of the site has remained in doubt since the original excavations in 1932 and 1933. Core sampling at the Dent Clovis site indicates that the site, on Kersey terrace gravel, extends under railroad tracks adjacent to the original area of excavation. Four hundred meters south the Kuner strath terrace has been exposed by a roadcut at the Bernhardt site. An Archaic hearth dated is near the top of a 1-m-thick 4030 Ϯ 60 B.P. eolian sand overlying 1 m of fine-grained alluvium dated which in turn over-5740 Ϯ 60 B.P., lies sand and gravel of the Kuner strath terrace with an AMS radiocarbon age of 10,105 Ϯ The South Platte River appears to have been quasistable at the Kuner level during the 90 B.P. Younger Dryas when Paleoindians from Clovis to Cody hunted megafauna on the Kersey terrace.

Studies in human ecology and adaptation, Dec 7, 2012

Rocky Mountain National Park (RMNP), USA, is rich in Native American sites, many believed to have... more Rocky Mountain National Park (RMNP), USA, is rich in Native American sites, many believed to have served religious purposes. The University of Northern Colorado has conducted field studies and Native American consultations related to the former existence and nature of sacred sites and their inclusive landscape in the Park since 2001. Field and consultation data have been incorporated into successive generations of a Geographic Information System (GIS) project designed to model and predict spatial distribution of sites and ritual features believed to have constituted those long-lost landscapes. In the most recent iteration of the RMNP sacred landscape modeling research, the ArcSM (Spatial Data Modeler) extension to ArcGIS was utilized to analyze existing site and individual feature data to create a weights-of-evidence site location predictive model of the Park’s sacred landscape. The model incorporates elevation, aspect, local relief, slope, a cost distance from historic and prehistoric trails surface, and the relative visibility of five sacred landmarks. An Agterber and Cheng conditional independence test, an approximate t-test, and the model’s strength on a randomly chosen subset of sacred features were used to assess its validity. The model was found to be moderately predictive of sacred sites and is being used to direct on-going “ground-truthing” surveys in RMNP. By combining diverse sources of archeological, ethnographic, and historic knowledge with results of the weights-of-evidence GIS model, eight specific park locations were identified for future archeological survey efforts. Two ritual site locations predicted by the model were surveyed during 2010 and both produced features believed to be ritual in origin.

Contributions in New World Archaeology

Cultural adaptive strategies in the French Pyrénées and north central Colorado Rocky Mountains in... more Cultural adaptive strategies in the French Pyrénées and north central Colorado Rocky Mountains in the Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene, although reflecting quite different cultural traditions, had broadly comparable topographies and experienced similar climatic and ecosystem changes in the Late Pleistocene through the Early Holocene. Archaeological and paleoenvironmental data presented in this article describe and compare broadly-based culture-environmental change models associated with the role of natural and human seasonal transhumance patterns of respective Late Pleistocene-Early Holocene landscapes of two widely separated world mountain regions, Europe’s Pyrénées and the North America’s Rocky Mountains.

The University Press of Colorado, 2007

Contents ix 1.1. Map showing major physical features of Colorado 1.2. Map showing major air mass ... more Contents ix 1.1. Map showing major physical features of Colorado 1.2. Map showing major air mass trajectories into the Colorado Front Range 1.3. Schematic diagram comparing till of Pinedale, Bull Lake, and pre-Bull Lake glaciations 1.4. Shaded relief map of Colorado Front Range region showing the locations of glacial and paleoecological sites 1.5. Echo Lake pollen diagram 1.6. Correlation of cultural/chronological periods with paleoenvironmental reconstructions from the Colorado Front Range 2.1. Map of key Paleoindian sites mentioned in Chapter 2 2.2. Contemporary Colorado Paleoindian research program areas discussed in Chapter 2 and the remaining chapters of this volume 3.1. Geographic location of the Dent site I L L u s t R A t I o n s x 3.2. Dent geologic context 3.3. Aerial view of Dent showing the site's drainage fan draw 3.4. Stratigraphic profile of Dent 3.5. Locations of cores and upper draw test trench at Dent 3.6. Profile of UNC's Dent upper (southeast) gulley test trench 3.7. Hypothesized paleolandscape of Dent kill locality 3.8. Aerial view of Dent locality showing a now-abandoned South Platte River channel 3.9. Photograph of the Dent artifacts 4.1. Hierarchy of dentin increments in mammoth tusks and cheek teeth 4.2. Transverse sections through Dent tusk and cheek tooth dentin 4.3. Oxygen isotope sampling from Dent tusk (DMNH 1450) 4.4. Oxygen isotope sampling from root of dP 4 (DMNH 1895) 4.5. Oxygen isotope sampling from root of dP 3 (DMNH 1897) 4.6. Oxygen isotope variation in tusk and cheek tooth dentin and present precipitation 5.1. Photograph of lateral view of EPV.3928, right scapula 5.2. Photograph of EPV.3928, right scapula: distal insertion on the scapular neck viewed from the caudal side 5.3. Photograph of EPV.3928, right scapula: distal insertion of the spine on the scapular neck viewed from the cranial side 5.4. Photograph of EPV.3928, right scapula: hackle marks on the distal scapula showing extensive damage to the lateral glenoid during dismemberment 5.5. Photograph of lateral view of EPV.3931, left scapula: spine dismemberment and dismemberment of pre-spinous fossa from the remainder of the scapular blade 5.6. Photograph of EPV.3931, left scapula: distal insertion of the spine on the scapular neck seen vertically and showing a shear-fracture scar 5.7. Close-up view of EPV.3931, left scapula: fracture through which prespinous fossa was dismembered from the remainder of the scapular blade 5.8. Proximal medial view of EPV.3937, left ulna, showing a crescentic gouge attributed to dismemberment 5.9. Photograph of EPV.3992, left femur: prominent gouge in medial head associated with dismemberment of the hip joint 5.10. Close-up view of EPV.3992, left femur: weathered, filleting cut marks on distal medial surface associated with defleshing 5.11. Photograph of EPV.3992, left femur: anterior distal view of femur showing two depressions that are probable damages attributed to foreshaft pry bars 5.12. Photograph of distal anteromedial view of EPV.3995: right femur diaphysis, showing weathered, filleting cut marks illUstrations xi 6.1. Phytolith frequency diagram of Dent mammoth teeth 7.1. Location of KibRidge-Yampa site in northeastern Colorado 7.2. Combined stratigraphic pollen diagram from KibRidge-Yampa site 7.3. Comparison of pollen sampling strategies 7.4. Monthly and annual insolation, last glacial maximum through the present 7.5. Modeled water balance history, Dinosaur National Monument, Colorado 7.6. Modeled water balance history, Dinosaur National Monument, Colorado, compared to portions of the pollen diagram 7.7. Modeled temperature history, Dinosaur National Monument, Colorado 7.8. Modeled snowfall history, Dinosaur National Monument, Colorado 7.9. Modeled precipitation history, Dinosaur National Monument, Colorado 7.10. March of precipitation from 10,000 to 11,200 rcybp and modern 8.1. Two conjoining biface fragments in situ within main excavation block 8.2. Distributions of burned materials from main excavation block of Barger Gulch, Locality B 8.3. Plan maps of excavation block 8.4. Map of cores and core fragments recovered from primary excavation area 8.5. Plan maps of two bifurcated flake concentrations relative to the hearth 8.6. Maps of the pit feature located to the southeast of the hearth 8.7. Schematic representation of divisions of space used in ring and sector analysis 8.8. Ring diagrams by sector for hearth area showing artifact counts as a function of distance from the hearth 8.9. Plan map of hypothesized barrier effect 8.10. Plan maps of excavation block showing spatial congruence of the possible shelter reconstructed by ring and sector analysis and artifact clusters 8.11. Sector diagrams of piece-plotted debitage, bifaces, flake tools, points and preforms, and cores 8.12. Sector diagrams of piece-plotted artifacts by size class 8.13. Modified ring diagrams for piece-plotted debitage and flake tools 8.14. Plan map of all piece-plotted flake tools mapped onto reconstructed structural walls 9.1. Physiographic map showing Colorado's north-central and central mountain regions illUstrations xii 9.2. GIS map showing locations of all Paleoindian components in the project area 9.3. GIS map distribution of early Paleoindian components in the project area 9.4. Locations of earlier late Paleoindian sites and isolated finds in the project area 9.5. Site distribution of Cody components in the project area 9.6. Site distribution of post-Cody late Paleoindian components in the project area 9.7. Distribution of late Paleoindian cultural components in Rocky Mountain National Park 9.8. Sites with late Paleoindian components in the Bighorn Flats hunting territory 9.9. Distribution of prehistoric sites in the Mount Ida Ridge hunting territory 9.10. Bar chart showing relative percentages of local versus nonlocal projectile point materials by projectile point type/complex 10.1. Angostura point tip and base from the type (Ray Long) site, Black Hills, South Dakota, and Angostura projectile point from 5MF625, Moffat County, Colorado 10.2. Basal convexity/concavity as expressed in specimens with convergent basal sides 10.3. Jimmy Allen projectile points from the type-site, Laramie Basin, southern Wyoming, and from Rocky Mountain National Park 10.4. Scatterplot of basal and maximum widths of Angostura and Jimmy Allen points in the Colorado-Utah sample 10.5. Scatterplot showing the BW and MW of Angostura and Jimmy Allen points in the original sample and the test assemblage of twenty-one points assigned to "Angostura" from the Chance Gulch site (5GN817),

Frontiers in Colorado Paleoindian Archaeology is an edited volume on current and historical chapt... more Frontiers in Colorado Paleoindian Archaeology is an edited volume on current and historical chapters on the state's Paleoindian occupations . Several chapters describe research on the Dent mammoth kill site. Colorado Rocky Mountain archaeology is also covered along with an introductory chapter on the history of Paleoindian archaeology in Colorado.