Craig Galbraith | University of North Carolina Wilmington (original) (raw)
Papers by Craig Galbraith
Journal of Enterprising Communities: People and Places in The Global Economy, 2007
Purpose -The purpose of this paper is to examine and test the relationship and interaction betwee... more Purpose -The purpose of this paper is to examine and test the relationship and interaction between "intrinsic" religiosity, entrepreneurial activity, and economic growth. Design/methodology/approach -The paper selects 23 countries that are predominately Christian and examine the connection between country-wide religious orientation, entrepreneurial activity, and economic growth. It specifically examines "intrinsic" religiosity, and defines entrepreneurial activity as either total start-up entrepreneurial activity or opportunity-based entrepreneurial activity. It is hypothesized that there is a direct relationship between religious attitudes and both economic growth and entrepreneurial activity, with entrepreneurial activity also acting as an intervening variable. The empirical relationship between "intrinsic" religiosity, entrepreneurial activity, and economic growth is then examined. Findings -The findings suggest that while "intrinsic" religiosity is positively related to economic growth, the key relationship may be between "intrinsic" religiosity and entrepreneurial activity, with entrepreneurial activity then resulting in economic growth. Originality/value -By examining the diverse literatures of economic development, entrepreneurship, theology, and the psychology of religion, this paper offers a unique analysis of religious attitudes and their impact on entrepreneurial activity and economic growth. Both the conceptual discussion and the empirical results extend previous studies examining cultural approaches to understanding economic growth.
Journal of Management, 1985
This study was designed to examine the dynamics of quantum versus incremental M-form reorganizati... more This study was designed to examine the dynamics of quantum versus incremental M-form reorganization on financial performance. The dynamics of reorganizations in six companies were studied by means of time-series intervention analysis, since a structural change can beformally considered an' 'intervention" upon the existing organizational system. The technique used was Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) intervention analysis. Three different models of reorganization impact on performance were specified and examined. The results indicate that reorganization to the M-form produces a positive effect on financial performance, with incremental reorganizations having less of a positive impact than quantum reorganizations.
The Journal of High Technology Management Research, 2007
This paper compares experts' assessments to a set of structural variables to determine whether ea... more This paper compares experts' assessments to a set of structural variables to determine whether each effectively predicts technology success. Using 69 homeland security and defense-related technologies, expert reviewers scored each technology on various dimensions as part of a government grant funding process. These technologies were tracked over 3 years and degrees of success recorded. Different predictive models were estimated using an artificial neural network technique, the Bayesian Data Reduction Algorithm, and two regression equations. The results suggest that experts provide little predictive power, and that a reasonable technology success model can be estimated using a limited set of structural variables.
Journal of Technology Transfer, 2004
This study investigates the types of factors which can lead to government acquisition, or the ''s... more This study investigates the types of factors which can lead to government acquisition, or the ''spin-in'' of bio-defense technologies from small bio-technology firms. Empirical findings suggest that for small biotechnology R&D firms desiring to increase ''spin-in'' technology transfer, there appears to be two distinct and important influence groups-the scientific community within federal agencies, institutes, and centers, and the more managerial, policy-oriented decisions makers. We found that personal communication and networking appear to be the primary factor that leads to a successful technology transfer, however, the form and substance of personal communication and networking will differ between the two influence groups.
Journal of Business Venturing, 1992
Journal of Technology Transfer, 2006
This study investigates a set of precursor factors that appear related to future technology succe... more This study investigates a set of precursor factors that appear related to future technology success, and whether or not expert evaluators can a priori provide useful information during the technology review process. Sixty-nine highly advanced post 9-11 technologies are tracked over time. Based upon the results of this study, we conclude that a reasonably good predictive model can be constructed from organizational and technology factors, such as firm size, stage of development, and strategic partnerships. The results also indicate that the incremental value of expert reviewers and technology evaluators to predict future technology success is relatively small. Reviewers that provided the greatest predicative power, however, had current scientific responsibilities. These results raise important issues regarding the capability of developing predictive models of technology success.
Strategic Management Journal, 1991
In this paper we examine the impact various compensation programs have upon business-level strate... more In this paper we examine the impact various compensation programs have upon business-level strategy for technology-intensive firms. Similarly, we examine the effect of centralization of R&D and non-R&D decision-making, formality of procedures, and SBU size on competitive strategy. Analysis of data from 79 SBUs suggest that there is a resource trade-off between marketing-oriented strategies and R&D-oriented strategies, and that managers who operate under certain types of compensation programs will tend to favor R&D/innovation strategies and capital investment over other alternatives. Structure and competitive position also appear to play a significant role in determining technology and investment strategy.
Journal of Small Business Management, 2008
Forty-four Scottish small and medium-sized high-technology manufacturing firms were surveyed rega... more Forty-four Scottish small and medium-sized high-technology manufacturing firms were surveyed regarding their technology strategies and the impact of regional- and site-specific infrastructure requirements on their location behavior. An empirically derived typology of technology content for high-technology firms was developed via cluster analysis and utilized, together with selected technology and manufacturing strategy variables, to investigate whether significant linkages existed between these variables and firms' related location decisions. Results suggest that location decisions are directly correlated to a firm's competitive strategy and that they should actually be considered a dynamic dimension of strategy rather than a static one-time choice.
Managerial Finance, 2001
This study examines the valuations of B2B Internet firms, and the issue of post-IPO short-term un... more This study examines the valuations of B2B Internet firms, and the issue of post-IPO short-term underpricing and long-term underperformance. But rather than relying on in-stitutional or agency approaches, we have examined firm strategy and industry-specific variables. Based upon ...
College Teaching, 2012
We examine the validity of peer observation of classroom instruction for purposes of faculty eval... more We examine the validity of peer observation of classroom instruction for purposes of faculty evaluation. Using both a multi-section course sample and a sample of different courses across a university's School of Business and Economics we find that the results of annual classroom observations of faculty teaching are significantly and positively correlated with student learning outcome assessment measures. This finding supports the validity of classroom observation as an assessment of teaching effectiveness. The research also indicates that student ratings of teaching effectiveness (SETEs) were less effective at measuring student learning than annual classroom observations by peers.
Strategic Management Journal, 1983
This paper expands the notion of extended rivalry as cross-industry relations within the chain of... more This paper expands the notion of extended rivalry as cross-industry relations within the chain of production and distribution, and argues that firm power resides in the exclusivity and essentiality of the firm's function in the chain. A cross-section of U.S. manufacturing firms representing components for finished goods, capital goods, and supplies or consumable products is examined. The analysis of the three industry groups by simultaneous equation estimation provides general support for the hypothesis that firm power, as expressed in inter-industry transactions, and industry structure, is associated with firm profitability.
Studies in Higher Education, 2011
This study examines whether faculty research productivity is associated with student learning. Un... more This study examines whether faculty research productivity is associated with student learning. Unlike previous studies that define learning by student evaluations of teaching effectiveness, the authors specifically measure teaching effectiveness by a standardized student learning outcome measure developed by a School of Business at a US university. Using a Bayesian data reduction algorithm and regression techniques, it was found that faculty research activity is positively and significantly related to teaching effectiveness.
Strategic Management Journal, 1994
Although recent studies of strategic groups have provided much insight into the nature of intra-i... more Although recent studies of strategic groups have provided much insight into the nature of intra-industry rivalry, most studies have focused on the strategies of seller firms. In this paper we argue that the bilateral exchange between groups of buyers and sellers in adjacent markets should be made explicit. Within this bilateral context, the market for non-tactical Navy infomation systems is empirically examined. Strategic groups are developed for both seller and buyer industries, and the interaction between these groups are explored over time. In particular, two market interventions, the imposition of industrial funding procedures in 1984 and a Life-Cycle requirement order in 1988, were examined with respect to their impact on seller/customer exchanges and vertical integration strategies. Significant changes in strategies were noted, and explained within a transaction cost framework.
Journal of College Student Development, 2012
We examined the interaction between academic burnout and work-related burnout for a sample of wor... more We examined the interaction between academic burnout and work-related burnout for a sample of working undergraduate university students. Using a longitudinal design we found that the factors of burnout (Exhaustion, Cynicism, and Efficacy) change significantly over the semester. In addition, the study suggests there are distinct differences in how academic burnout shifts over the semester versus work-related burnout. Whereas academic
Purpose -The purpose of this paper is to test the proposition that religious orientation has a me... more Purpose -The purpose of this paper is to test the proposition that religious orientation has a measurable affect on individuals' definitions of market justice and attitudes toward self-employment. Design/methodology/approach -The paper distinguishes between religious orientation and spirituality and defines religious orientation to be either intrinsic or extrinsic. It then examines the modern concept of market justice and hypothesizes that individuals with intrinsic religiosity will have negative opinions of the justice of market exchange while those with extrinsic religiosity will have positive opinions. It is expected that individuals that own their own business or have positive views of self-employment will have positive opinions of the justice of market exchange. Finally, the paper hypothesizes that intrinsic religiosity will lead to higher levels of entrepreneurial behavior once opinion about market justice has been controlled for. The survey instrument was administered to 141 undergraduate business students. Findings -Cluster analysis revealed two clusters; cluster membership was used as a binary dependent variable indicating positive or negative opinions of market justice. The intrinsic religiosity hypothesis is statistically supported. The self-employment hypothesis is only partly supported. The entrepreneurial behavior hypothesis is also statistically supported. Originality/value -This paper examines the concepts of religious orientation and attitudes toward market justice and entrepreneurship. It offers an empirical analysis of value-based attitudes and their impact on entrepreneurial activity, and the importance of religious attitudes on market behaviors.
Journal of Business Venturing, 1992
Studies in Higher Education, 2012
This study examines whether faculty research productivity is associated with student learning. Un... more This study examines whether faculty research productivity is associated with student learning. Unlike previous studies that define learning by student evaluations of teaching effectiveness, the authors specifically measure teaching effectiveness by a standardized student learning outcome measure developed by a School of Business at a US university. Using a Bayesian data reduction algorithm and regression techniques, it was found that faculty research activity is positively and significantly related to teaching effectiveness.
Journal of Technology Transfer, 2006
This study investigates a set of precursor factors that appear related to future technology succe... more This study investigates a set of precursor factors that appear related to future technology success, and whether or not expert evaluators can a priori provide useful information during the technology review process. Sixty-nine highly advanced post 9-11 technologies are tracked over time. Based upon the results of this study, we conclude that a reasonably good predictive model can be constructed from organizational and technology factors, such as firm size, stage of development, and strategic partnerships. The results also indicate that the incremental value of expert reviewers and technology evaluators to predict future technology success is relatively small. Reviewers that provided the greatest predicative power, however, had current scientific responsibilities. These results raise important issues regarding the capability of developing predictive models of technology success.
The Journal of Private Equity, 2003
... Carter, R., R. Dark, and A. Singh. Underwriter Reputation, Initial Returns, and the Long-Run... more ... Carter, R., R. Dark, and A. Singh. Underwriter Reputation, Initial Returns, and the Long-Run Performance of IPO Stocks. Journal of Finance, 53 (1998), pp. 289-311. ... 7-17. To order reprints of this article, please contact Ajani Malik at amalik@iijournals.com or 212-224-3205. ...
Journal of Enterprising Communities: People and Places in The Global Economy, 2007
Purpose -The purpose of this paper is to examine and test the relationship and interaction betwee... more Purpose -The purpose of this paper is to examine and test the relationship and interaction between "intrinsic" religiosity, entrepreneurial activity, and economic growth. Design/methodology/approach -The paper selects 23 countries that are predominately Christian and examine the connection between country-wide religious orientation, entrepreneurial activity, and economic growth. It specifically examines "intrinsic" religiosity, and defines entrepreneurial activity as either total start-up entrepreneurial activity or opportunity-based entrepreneurial activity. It is hypothesized that there is a direct relationship between religious attitudes and both economic growth and entrepreneurial activity, with entrepreneurial activity also acting as an intervening variable. The empirical relationship between "intrinsic" religiosity, entrepreneurial activity, and economic growth is then examined. Findings -The findings suggest that while "intrinsic" religiosity is positively related to economic growth, the key relationship may be between "intrinsic" religiosity and entrepreneurial activity, with entrepreneurial activity then resulting in economic growth. Originality/value -By examining the diverse literatures of economic development, entrepreneurship, theology, and the psychology of religion, this paper offers a unique analysis of religious attitudes and their impact on entrepreneurial activity and economic growth. Both the conceptual discussion and the empirical results extend previous studies examining cultural approaches to understanding economic growth.
Journal of Management, 1985
This study was designed to examine the dynamics of quantum versus incremental M-form reorganizati... more This study was designed to examine the dynamics of quantum versus incremental M-form reorganization on financial performance. The dynamics of reorganizations in six companies were studied by means of time-series intervention analysis, since a structural change can beformally considered an' 'intervention" upon the existing organizational system. The technique used was Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) intervention analysis. Three different models of reorganization impact on performance were specified and examined. The results indicate that reorganization to the M-form produces a positive effect on financial performance, with incremental reorganizations having less of a positive impact than quantum reorganizations.
The Journal of High Technology Management Research, 2007
This paper compares experts' assessments to a set of structural variables to determine whether ea... more This paper compares experts' assessments to a set of structural variables to determine whether each effectively predicts technology success. Using 69 homeland security and defense-related technologies, expert reviewers scored each technology on various dimensions as part of a government grant funding process. These technologies were tracked over 3 years and degrees of success recorded. Different predictive models were estimated using an artificial neural network technique, the Bayesian Data Reduction Algorithm, and two regression equations. The results suggest that experts provide little predictive power, and that a reasonable technology success model can be estimated using a limited set of structural variables.
Journal of Technology Transfer, 2004
This study investigates the types of factors which can lead to government acquisition, or the ''s... more This study investigates the types of factors which can lead to government acquisition, or the ''spin-in'' of bio-defense technologies from small bio-technology firms. Empirical findings suggest that for small biotechnology R&D firms desiring to increase ''spin-in'' technology transfer, there appears to be two distinct and important influence groups-the scientific community within federal agencies, institutes, and centers, and the more managerial, policy-oriented decisions makers. We found that personal communication and networking appear to be the primary factor that leads to a successful technology transfer, however, the form and substance of personal communication and networking will differ between the two influence groups.
Journal of Business Venturing, 1992
Journal of Technology Transfer, 2006
This study investigates a set of precursor factors that appear related to future technology succe... more This study investigates a set of precursor factors that appear related to future technology success, and whether or not expert evaluators can a priori provide useful information during the technology review process. Sixty-nine highly advanced post 9-11 technologies are tracked over time. Based upon the results of this study, we conclude that a reasonably good predictive model can be constructed from organizational and technology factors, such as firm size, stage of development, and strategic partnerships. The results also indicate that the incremental value of expert reviewers and technology evaluators to predict future technology success is relatively small. Reviewers that provided the greatest predicative power, however, had current scientific responsibilities. These results raise important issues regarding the capability of developing predictive models of technology success.
Strategic Management Journal, 1991
In this paper we examine the impact various compensation programs have upon business-level strate... more In this paper we examine the impact various compensation programs have upon business-level strategy for technology-intensive firms. Similarly, we examine the effect of centralization of R&D and non-R&D decision-making, formality of procedures, and SBU size on competitive strategy. Analysis of data from 79 SBUs suggest that there is a resource trade-off between marketing-oriented strategies and R&D-oriented strategies, and that managers who operate under certain types of compensation programs will tend to favor R&D/innovation strategies and capital investment over other alternatives. Structure and competitive position also appear to play a significant role in determining technology and investment strategy.
Journal of Small Business Management, 2008
Forty-four Scottish small and medium-sized high-technology manufacturing firms were surveyed rega... more Forty-four Scottish small and medium-sized high-technology manufacturing firms were surveyed regarding their technology strategies and the impact of regional- and site-specific infrastructure requirements on their location behavior. An empirically derived typology of technology content for high-technology firms was developed via cluster analysis and utilized, together with selected technology and manufacturing strategy variables, to investigate whether significant linkages existed between these variables and firms' related location decisions. Results suggest that location decisions are directly correlated to a firm's competitive strategy and that they should actually be considered a dynamic dimension of strategy rather than a static one-time choice.
Managerial Finance, 2001
This study examines the valuations of B2B Internet firms, and the issue of post-IPO short-term un... more This study examines the valuations of B2B Internet firms, and the issue of post-IPO short-term underpricing and long-term underperformance. But rather than relying on in-stitutional or agency approaches, we have examined firm strategy and industry-specific variables. Based upon ...
College Teaching, 2012
We examine the validity of peer observation of classroom instruction for purposes of faculty eval... more We examine the validity of peer observation of classroom instruction for purposes of faculty evaluation. Using both a multi-section course sample and a sample of different courses across a university's School of Business and Economics we find that the results of annual classroom observations of faculty teaching are significantly and positively correlated with student learning outcome assessment measures. This finding supports the validity of classroom observation as an assessment of teaching effectiveness. The research also indicates that student ratings of teaching effectiveness (SETEs) were less effective at measuring student learning than annual classroom observations by peers.
Strategic Management Journal, 1983
This paper expands the notion of extended rivalry as cross-industry relations within the chain of... more This paper expands the notion of extended rivalry as cross-industry relations within the chain of production and distribution, and argues that firm power resides in the exclusivity and essentiality of the firm's function in the chain. A cross-section of U.S. manufacturing firms representing components for finished goods, capital goods, and supplies or consumable products is examined. The analysis of the three industry groups by simultaneous equation estimation provides general support for the hypothesis that firm power, as expressed in inter-industry transactions, and industry structure, is associated with firm profitability.
Studies in Higher Education, 2011
This study examines whether faculty research productivity is associated with student learning. Un... more This study examines whether faculty research productivity is associated with student learning. Unlike previous studies that define learning by student evaluations of teaching effectiveness, the authors specifically measure teaching effectiveness by a standardized student learning outcome measure developed by a School of Business at a US university. Using a Bayesian data reduction algorithm and regression techniques, it was found that faculty research activity is positively and significantly related to teaching effectiveness.
Strategic Management Journal, 1994
Although recent studies of strategic groups have provided much insight into the nature of intra-i... more Although recent studies of strategic groups have provided much insight into the nature of intra-industry rivalry, most studies have focused on the strategies of seller firms. In this paper we argue that the bilateral exchange between groups of buyers and sellers in adjacent markets should be made explicit. Within this bilateral context, the market for non-tactical Navy infomation systems is empirically examined. Strategic groups are developed for both seller and buyer industries, and the interaction between these groups are explored over time. In particular, two market interventions, the imposition of industrial funding procedures in 1984 and a Life-Cycle requirement order in 1988, were examined with respect to their impact on seller/customer exchanges and vertical integration strategies. Significant changes in strategies were noted, and explained within a transaction cost framework.
Journal of College Student Development, 2012
We examined the interaction between academic burnout and work-related burnout for a sample of wor... more We examined the interaction between academic burnout and work-related burnout for a sample of working undergraduate university students. Using a longitudinal design we found that the factors of burnout (Exhaustion, Cynicism, and Efficacy) change significantly over the semester. In addition, the study suggests there are distinct differences in how academic burnout shifts over the semester versus work-related burnout. Whereas academic
Purpose -The purpose of this paper is to test the proposition that religious orientation has a me... more Purpose -The purpose of this paper is to test the proposition that religious orientation has a measurable affect on individuals' definitions of market justice and attitudes toward self-employment. Design/methodology/approach -The paper distinguishes between religious orientation and spirituality and defines religious orientation to be either intrinsic or extrinsic. It then examines the modern concept of market justice and hypothesizes that individuals with intrinsic religiosity will have negative opinions of the justice of market exchange while those with extrinsic religiosity will have positive opinions. It is expected that individuals that own their own business or have positive views of self-employment will have positive opinions of the justice of market exchange. Finally, the paper hypothesizes that intrinsic religiosity will lead to higher levels of entrepreneurial behavior once opinion about market justice has been controlled for. The survey instrument was administered to 141 undergraduate business students. Findings -Cluster analysis revealed two clusters; cluster membership was used as a binary dependent variable indicating positive or negative opinions of market justice. The intrinsic religiosity hypothesis is statistically supported. The self-employment hypothesis is only partly supported. The entrepreneurial behavior hypothesis is also statistically supported. Originality/value -This paper examines the concepts of religious orientation and attitudes toward market justice and entrepreneurship. It offers an empirical analysis of value-based attitudes and their impact on entrepreneurial activity, and the importance of religious attitudes on market behaviors.
Journal of Business Venturing, 1992
Studies in Higher Education, 2012
This study examines whether faculty research productivity is associated with student learning. Un... more This study examines whether faculty research productivity is associated with student learning. Unlike previous studies that define learning by student evaluations of teaching effectiveness, the authors specifically measure teaching effectiveness by a standardized student learning outcome measure developed by a School of Business at a US university. Using a Bayesian data reduction algorithm and regression techniques, it was found that faculty research activity is positively and significantly related to teaching effectiveness.
Journal of Technology Transfer, 2006
This study investigates a set of precursor factors that appear related to future technology succe... more This study investigates a set of precursor factors that appear related to future technology success, and whether or not expert evaluators can a priori provide useful information during the technology review process. Sixty-nine highly advanced post 9-11 technologies are tracked over time. Based upon the results of this study, we conclude that a reasonably good predictive model can be constructed from organizational and technology factors, such as firm size, stage of development, and strategic partnerships. The results also indicate that the incremental value of expert reviewers and technology evaluators to predict future technology success is relatively small. Reviewers that provided the greatest predicative power, however, had current scientific responsibilities. These results raise important issues regarding the capability of developing predictive models of technology success.
The Journal of Private Equity, 2003
... Carter, R., R. Dark, and A. Singh. Underwriter Reputation, Initial Returns, and the Long-Run... more ... Carter, R., R. Dark, and A. Singh. Underwriter Reputation, Initial Returns, and the Long-Run Performance of IPO Stocks. Journal of Finance, 53 (1998), pp. 289-311. ... 7-17. To order reprints of this article, please contact Ajani Malik at amalik@iijournals.com or 212-224-3205. ...