Graham Jamieson | University of New England - Australia (original) (raw)

Papers by Graham Jamieson

Research paper thumbnail of The Relationship Between Stress, Arousal, Sleep Quality & Affective Symptoms

Research paper thumbnail of Development of I O Interface for Virtual Reality

日本機械学会ロボティクス・メカトロニクス講演会講演論文集, 1998

Objetivo Estimar el efecto de varios factores de riesgo sobre la probabilidad de que las úlceras ... more Objetivo Estimar el efecto de varios factores de riesgo sobre la probabilidad de que las úlceras neuropáticas de pié diabético cicatricen en 20 semanas con tratamiento convencional (curación, debridamiento y descarga de presión del área afectada) Diseño Análisis combinado, tipo meta-análisis, con datos de pacientes individuales de las ramas de cuidado usual de cinco ensayos clínrcos controlados aleatorizados.

Research paper thumbnail of Operationalizing Psi-Conducive Altered States: Integrating Insights from Consciousness Studies into Parapsychology

Research paper thumbnail of Past and Future Explanations for Depersonalization and Derealization Disorder: A Role for Predictive Coding

Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 2022

Depersonalization (DP) and derealization (DR) refer to states of dissociation in which one feels ... more Depersonalization (DP) and derealization (DR) refer to states of dissociation in which one feels a sense of alienation in relation to one’s self and environment, respectively. Whilst transient episodes often diminish without treatment, chronic experiences of DP and DR may last for years, with common treatments lacking a strong evidence base for their efficacy. We propose a theoretical explanation of DP and DR based on interoceptive predictive coding, and discuss how transient experiences of DP and DR may be induced in the non-clinical population using virtual reality. Further, we review the use of heartbeat evoked potentials in detecting the neural correlates of DP and DR allowing for an objective measure of these experiences in the non-clinical population. Finally, we discuss how the induction and detection of transient experiences of DP and DR in the non-clinical population could shed light on how the brain constructs one’s sense of self and reality.

Research paper thumbnail of The structure and meaning of absorption

Research paper thumbnail of New paradigms of hypnosis research

Research paper thumbnail of A case study analysis of measures of self-defeating eating and hypnotisability

In this article, in-depth examination of a number of cases in eating behaviours and hypnotisabili... more In this article, in-depth examination of a number of cases in eating behaviours and hypnotisability has been undertaken to emphasise the complexity of some of the issues involved in self-defeating eating. These case studies further highlight the fact that no single measure, used in isolation, can accurately reflect the complex attitudes and capacities which are currently under scrutiny and that measurement of eating pathology is not a straightforward matter. The analysis reveals an emergent emphasis on those factors which indicate possible differences in self-perception in relation to controland regulation of the self.

Research paper thumbnail of The Neurophysiology of Long Term Development in Yoga “Concentration” Meditation Practice (Seminar)

The neuroscience of brain systems provides important tools for understanding the states of consci... more The neuroscience of brain systems provides important tools for understanding the states of consciousness which are the aim of traditional meditation practices. In the last decade a range of Buddhist practices (particularly mindfulness) have been closely examined (predominantly with brain imaging methods. By contrast I will present recent findings from an Australian study of Yoga meditation practices using the EEG to study oscillatory activity in the cortex of advanced (30 years) and intermediate (4 years) of practitioners in a single tradition. The aim was to examine how the effects of this training unfold from the medium to the long term in the organisation of brain dynamics. Results distinguish two fundamental steps in this development. Firstly a reduction or inhibition of motor, somatosensory and exteroceptive processing mediated by low frequencies but particularly the alpha rhythm. Secondly the emergence of an astonishing level synchronised high frequency activity (predominantly...

Research paper thumbnail of Hypnosis And The Neuroscience Of Cognitive And Affective Control

Australian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis

This paper examines hypnosis in relation to the neuroscience cognitive and affective control. It ... more This paper examines hypnosis in relation to the neuroscience cognitive and affective control. It is proposed that hypnotic phenomena are rooted in evolution and thus biologically based. Animal hypnosis is considered to confer important advantages in natural selection which have been preserved and extended in the development of the human brain. Two influential models in the neuroscience of cognitive control are described and evidence for brain structures implementing conflict monitoring and cognitive control is reviewed. The neural basis of affective control is then examined in relation to cognitive control. Dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) is proposed as a common cognitive and affective monitoring mechanism. Ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (vlPFC) is proposed as monitoring stimulus salience whereas the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) was involved in the monitoring of affective conflict. The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) is implicated in resolution of cognitive confli...

Research paper thumbnail of A unified theory of hypnosis and meditation states: the interoceptive predictive coding approach

The relationship between the states of awareness that emerge in hypnosis and meditation or even b... more The relationship between the states of awareness that emerge in hypnosis and meditation or even between different meditation practices is of fundamental importance to understanding the range of potentials open to human consciousness. The recent emergence of cognitive neuroscience provides a powerful set of tools for researchers of human conscious states to probe not only their effects but the underlying causal dynamics of their operation. Within cognitive neuroscience the Bayesian framework of predictive coding has generated deep insights into the fundamental unity of the ordinary psychological processes of perception, learning, attention, memory and action. In what follows key concepts from predictive coding, active inference, generative models and interoceptive predictive coding are applied to our understanding of hypnosis and meditation states to provide a unified theory of these diverse states with clear implications for researchers and clinicians alike.

Research paper thumbnail of Hallucinations and the meaning and structure of absorption

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2021

Research paper thumbnail of TITLE: Inhibition of Retrieval in Hypnotic Amnesia: Dissociation by Upper-Alpha Gating

We test the proposal that changes in topographic patterns of cortical oscillations in the upper-a... more We test the proposal that changes in topographic patterns of cortical oscillations in the upper-alpha (10-12Hz) band selectively inhibit the recall of specific memories during hypnotic amnesia by blocking the availability of locally processed information at specific points in the retrieval process. Participants pre-screened for high or low hypnotic susceptibility received a suggestion for amnesia for faces. For old faces wrongly identified compared to new faces correctly identified evoked upper alpha (908 ms post stimulus) is significantly higher in ‘old wrong’ in right BA7 in a region implicated in top-down executive control to assist recall of visual information. Lagged nonlinear connectivity between cortical sources in upper-alpha in the same condition showed significantly increased connectivity between right BA34 (parahippocampal gyrus) and right BA 7, 20 and 22. During amnesia response spatial and temporal coordination of upper-alpha appears to suppress the integrated functioning of these regions (and hence recall). These patterns were not found after reversal of the amnesia suggestion.

Research paper thumbnail of Childhood Sexual, Emotional, and Physical Abuse as Predictors of Dissociation in Adulthood

Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 2021

This Australian study explores a person's self-reported exposure to childhood abuse to identi... more This Australian study explores a person's self-reported exposure to childhood abuse to identify the characteristics that are predictive of clinical levels of dissociation in adulthood. The final sample comprised 303 participants, including 26 inpatients and outpatients (24 females and two males) receiving treatment for a dissociative disorder (DD), and 277 university participants, including 220 controls (186 females, 34 males), 31 with elevated levels of dissociation consistent with a DD or posttraumatic stress disorder (27 females and four males), and 26 with clinical levels of dissociation (20 females and six males). The findings demonstrate clinical levels of dissociation and DDs occur in individuals reporting a history of childhood abuse, particularly sexual abuse and experiences that are potentially life-threatening to a child, such as choking, smothering, and physical injury that breaks bones or teeth, or that compromise the child's survival needs, including threats of abandonment and deprivation of basic needs. Females who disclosed being sexual abused in addition to being choked or smothered had a 106-fold risk of clinical levels of dissociation. As expected, self-reported amnesia was prevalent in the dissociative groups. Yet, even in the control group, one-third of those disclosing sexual abuse reported an unclear memory of it. Strong similarities in abuse experiences were found between the clinical sample and those in the university sample with clinical levels of dissociation (which is unlikely to have previously been diagnosed). The dissociative groups reported higher rates of corroboration of their abusive experiences. The findings support the traumatic etiology of dissociation.

Research paper thumbnail of Measuring Dissociative Symptoms and Experiences in an Australian College Sample Using a Short Version of the Multidimensional Inventory of Dissociation

Journal of Trauma & Dissociation, 2020

This paper investigated a 60-item version of the Multidimensional Inventory of Dissociation (MID)... more This paper investigated a 60-item version of the Multidimensional Inventory of Dissociation (MID) with the potential to capture the full range of dissociative symptoms that characterize each of the dissociative disorders (DD). The 28-item Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES) was designed to capture a wide range of dissociative phenomena, but college population studies indicate it may not be adept at identifying the full range of dissociative symptoms and disorders. The 218-item MID has the advantage of capturing the full range of dissociative symptoms and has diagnostic capabilities for all DSM-5 DD, but the disadvantage of taking considerably longer than the DES to complete. Using university students and staff (N = 313), this paper investigated a 60-item version of the MID with the potential to capture the full range of dissociative symptoms that characterize each of the DD. Results indicate the MID-60 has a nearly identical factor structure to the full MID, excellent internal reli...

Research paper thumbnail of Examining Adolescent and Adult Substance Use from a Dual Process Cognitive Perspective

for helping me to collect questionnaire data. And thanks to John Malouff and Nicola Schutte, who ... more for helping me to collect questionnaire data. And thanks to John Malouff and Nicola Schutte, who provided me with research training during my PhD study.

Research paper thumbnail of EEG and ERP Biomarkers, Source Localisation and Neurofeedback for Performance Enhancement in Elite Table Tennis Athletes

5 Hz (upper alpha) band but resulted in a significant decrease in source activity at 11.25Hz in r... more 5 Hz (upper alpha) band but resulted in a significant decrease in source activity at 11.25Hz in right BA6 post training. Behaviourally, vsCPT results showed improved accuracy to NoGo stimuli. An adjusted NFB protocol training rightBA40 was then tested. Again, significant post training decreases in source activity resulted, but this time across three conditions (Eyes Open, Eyes Closed and VT). Importantly, prepost NFB training reduced 9.25 Hz activity during the VT condition and was strongly and significantly correlated with prepost NFB training increases in NoGo accuracy (vsCPT1). Thus, the changes in cortical activity following this NFB training protocol were directly linked to sport related performance enhancement in this study.

Research paper thumbnail of The prevalence of Dissociative Disorders and dissociative experiences in college populations: a meta-analysis of 98 studies

Journal of Trauma & Dissociation, 2019

This meta-analysis of 31,905 college students includes 12 studies diagnosing Dissociative Disorde... more This meta-analysis of 31,905 college students includes 12 studies diagnosing Dissociative Disorders (DD) and 92 studies measuring dissociation with the Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES). Prevalence rates were used to separately test the plausibility of the Trauma Model (TM) and the Fantasy Model (FM) of dissociation. Results show 11.4% of students sampled meet criteria for DD, which is consistent with the prevalence of experiencing multiple (types of) trauma during childhood (12%), but is not consistent with the very low prevalence expected from the role of fantasy-proneness proposed in the FM. DES scores varied significantly across the 16 countries and were not higher in North America, but in countries that were comparatively unsafe. The least well-known DD was the most common, which is inconsistent with the FM which holds that the diagnosed person is enacting a familiar social role. There was no evidence that DES scores had decreased over recent decades, which does not support FM assertions that DD were a fad of the 1990s. Three of the five hypotheses tested provided clear support for the TM and a fourth hypothesis provided partial support for the TM. None of the five hypotheses tested supported the FM. The finding that DD were slightly more common in college populations than the general population did not support predictions of either model. The theoretical perspective of the authors moderated DES scores, although this is unlikely due to experimenter bias as studies led by FM theorists had significantly higher DES scores than those led by TM theorists.

Research paper thumbnail of Inhibition of retrieval in hypnotic amnesia: dissociation by upper-alpha gating

Neuroscience of Consciousness, 2017

Hypnotic amnesia is a functional dissociation from awareness during which information from specif... more Hypnotic amnesia is a functional dissociation from awareness during which information from specific neural processes is unavailable to consciousness. We test the proposal that changes in topographic patterns of cortical oscillations in upper-alpha (10-12 Hz) band selectively inhibit the recall of memories during hypnotic amnesia by blocking availability of locally processed information at specific points in retrieval. Participants were prescreened for high or low hypnotic susceptibility. Following hypnotic induction, participants were presented with a series of 60 face stimuli and were required to identify affective expressions. Participants received a suggestion for amnesia for these faces. They were then presented with a set of 30 old and 30 new faces and identified each as old or new. Amnesia suggestion was lifted and recall tested using the remaining 30 old faces and another 30 new faces. Exact Low Resolution Brain Electromagnetic Tomography source analyses are reported for 64 channel event-related electroencephalogram recorded from highs showing reversible amnesia to old faces. For high-susceptible participants, the amnesia suggestion significantly increased old faces wrongly identified while for low-susceptible participants amnesia suggestion increased the new faces wrongly identified. There were no differences between high-and low-susceptible participants following reversal of the suggestion. For previously seen faces which were wrongly identified, compared to new faces correctly identified, (late) evoked upper-alpha is significantly higher in right BA7 in a region implicated in top-down executive control to assist recall of visual information. Lagged nonlinear connectivity between cortical sources in upper-alpha in the same condition showed significantly increased connectivity between right BA34 (parahippocampal gyrus) and right BAs 7, 20 and 22. Integration between these regions is essential for recall of recent faces. During amnesia, spatial and temporal coordination of upper-alpha appears to suppress integrated functioning of these regions (hence recall). These patterns were absent after reversal of amnesia suggestion.

Research paper thumbnail of New directions in hypnosis research: strategies for advancing the cognitive and clinical neuroscience of hypnosis

Neuroscience of Consciousness, 2017

This article summarizes key advances in hypnosis research during the past two decades, including ... more This article summarizes key advances in hypnosis research during the past two decades, including (i) clinical research supporting the efficacy of hypnosis for managing a number of clinical symptoms and conditions, (ii) research supporting the role of various divisions in the anterior cingulate and prefrontal cortices in hypnotic responding, and (iii) an emerging finding that high hypnotic suggestibility is associated with atypical brain connectivity profiles. Key recommendations for a research agenda for the next decade include the recommendations that (i) laboratory hypnosis researchers should strongly consider how they assess hypnotic suggestibility in their studies, (ii) inclusion of study participants who score in the middle range of hypnotic suggestibility, and (iii) use of expanding research designs that more clearly delineate the roles of inductions and specific suggestions. Finally, we make two specific suggestions for helping to move the field forward including (i) the use of data sharing and (ii) redirecting resources away from contrasting state and nonstate positions toward studying (a) the efficacy of hypnotic treatments for clinical conditions influenced by central nervous system processes and (b) the neurophysiological underpinnings of

Research paper thumbnail of The Modified Tellegen Absorption Scale: A Clearer Window on the Structure and Meaning of Absorption

Australian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, 2005

Well, we will "get by with a little bit of help from our friends" across the world, and by the ne... more Well, we will "get by with a little bit of help from our friends" across the world, and by the next issue, in May 2006, we would expect to see more articles from other countries being published in the AJCEH. Research articles have been promised from the U .S .A. and Europe, and books to be reviewed are now coming in from around the world. So the "winged messengers" are already at work thanks to cyberspace communications. At the same time, AJCEH will feature work from the Southern Hemisphere in terms of Australasian scripts, valued Australasian case studies and notes which have been the mainstay of the journal in recent years, and soon we will be adding South African research to that of the Australian and New Zealand studies. The current issue contains research results, literature reviews, conceptual models and theoretical explorations, case studies, scripts, and reviews. There is a theme of mind-body healing in the articles by Paul Neumann and by Norm Barling and Susan Raine, and the review by June Henry of Yoga Nidra. Spirit enters the edition as well, with the article by William Pitty and that by Marek Celinski and Kathryn Gow, to be embedded in our unconscious and perhaps superconscious by way of the script by Patrick McCarthy. Graham Jamieson reminds us of the essential hypnosis research with an analysis of absorption. Beliefs in hypnosis are depicted in the case by Annette Brock and the film review by Kathryn Gow. There are several ways that you can support the journal: Submit material for publication; encourage others to submit articles, case studies, reviews or scripts; recommend books and films for review; and order the journal for your university libraries. I am happy to receive submissions as a result of either unconscious or conscious decisions to share your experiences with hypnosis and related topics, because if you do not share them, then who will?

Research paper thumbnail of The Relationship Between Stress, Arousal, Sleep Quality & Affective Symptoms

Research paper thumbnail of Development of I O Interface for Virtual Reality

日本機械学会ロボティクス・メカトロニクス講演会講演論文集, 1998

Objetivo Estimar el efecto de varios factores de riesgo sobre la probabilidad de que las úlceras ... more Objetivo Estimar el efecto de varios factores de riesgo sobre la probabilidad de que las úlceras neuropáticas de pié diabético cicatricen en 20 semanas con tratamiento convencional (curación, debridamiento y descarga de presión del área afectada) Diseño Análisis combinado, tipo meta-análisis, con datos de pacientes individuales de las ramas de cuidado usual de cinco ensayos clínrcos controlados aleatorizados.

Research paper thumbnail of Operationalizing Psi-Conducive Altered States: Integrating Insights from Consciousness Studies into Parapsychology

Research paper thumbnail of Past and Future Explanations for Depersonalization and Derealization Disorder: A Role for Predictive Coding

Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 2022

Depersonalization (DP) and derealization (DR) refer to states of dissociation in which one feels ... more Depersonalization (DP) and derealization (DR) refer to states of dissociation in which one feels a sense of alienation in relation to one’s self and environment, respectively. Whilst transient episodes often diminish without treatment, chronic experiences of DP and DR may last for years, with common treatments lacking a strong evidence base for their efficacy. We propose a theoretical explanation of DP and DR based on interoceptive predictive coding, and discuss how transient experiences of DP and DR may be induced in the non-clinical population using virtual reality. Further, we review the use of heartbeat evoked potentials in detecting the neural correlates of DP and DR allowing for an objective measure of these experiences in the non-clinical population. Finally, we discuss how the induction and detection of transient experiences of DP and DR in the non-clinical population could shed light on how the brain constructs one’s sense of self and reality.

Research paper thumbnail of The structure and meaning of absorption

Research paper thumbnail of New paradigms of hypnosis research

Research paper thumbnail of A case study analysis of measures of self-defeating eating and hypnotisability

In this article, in-depth examination of a number of cases in eating behaviours and hypnotisabili... more In this article, in-depth examination of a number of cases in eating behaviours and hypnotisability has been undertaken to emphasise the complexity of some of the issues involved in self-defeating eating. These case studies further highlight the fact that no single measure, used in isolation, can accurately reflect the complex attitudes and capacities which are currently under scrutiny and that measurement of eating pathology is not a straightforward matter. The analysis reveals an emergent emphasis on those factors which indicate possible differences in self-perception in relation to controland regulation of the self.

Research paper thumbnail of The Neurophysiology of Long Term Development in Yoga “Concentration” Meditation Practice (Seminar)

The neuroscience of brain systems provides important tools for understanding the states of consci... more The neuroscience of brain systems provides important tools for understanding the states of consciousness which are the aim of traditional meditation practices. In the last decade a range of Buddhist practices (particularly mindfulness) have been closely examined (predominantly with brain imaging methods. By contrast I will present recent findings from an Australian study of Yoga meditation practices using the EEG to study oscillatory activity in the cortex of advanced (30 years) and intermediate (4 years) of practitioners in a single tradition. The aim was to examine how the effects of this training unfold from the medium to the long term in the organisation of brain dynamics. Results distinguish two fundamental steps in this development. Firstly a reduction or inhibition of motor, somatosensory and exteroceptive processing mediated by low frequencies but particularly the alpha rhythm. Secondly the emergence of an astonishing level synchronised high frequency activity (predominantly...

Research paper thumbnail of Hypnosis And The Neuroscience Of Cognitive And Affective Control

Australian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis

This paper examines hypnosis in relation to the neuroscience cognitive and affective control. It ... more This paper examines hypnosis in relation to the neuroscience cognitive and affective control. It is proposed that hypnotic phenomena are rooted in evolution and thus biologically based. Animal hypnosis is considered to confer important advantages in natural selection which have been preserved and extended in the development of the human brain. Two influential models in the neuroscience of cognitive control are described and evidence for brain structures implementing conflict monitoring and cognitive control is reviewed. The neural basis of affective control is then examined in relation to cognitive control. Dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) is proposed as a common cognitive and affective monitoring mechanism. Ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (vlPFC) is proposed as monitoring stimulus salience whereas the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) was involved in the monitoring of affective conflict. The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) is implicated in resolution of cognitive confli...

Research paper thumbnail of A unified theory of hypnosis and meditation states: the interoceptive predictive coding approach

The relationship between the states of awareness that emerge in hypnosis and meditation or even b... more The relationship between the states of awareness that emerge in hypnosis and meditation or even between different meditation practices is of fundamental importance to understanding the range of potentials open to human consciousness. The recent emergence of cognitive neuroscience provides a powerful set of tools for researchers of human conscious states to probe not only their effects but the underlying causal dynamics of their operation. Within cognitive neuroscience the Bayesian framework of predictive coding has generated deep insights into the fundamental unity of the ordinary psychological processes of perception, learning, attention, memory and action. In what follows key concepts from predictive coding, active inference, generative models and interoceptive predictive coding are applied to our understanding of hypnosis and meditation states to provide a unified theory of these diverse states with clear implications for researchers and clinicians alike.

Research paper thumbnail of Hallucinations and the meaning and structure of absorption

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2021

Research paper thumbnail of TITLE: Inhibition of Retrieval in Hypnotic Amnesia: Dissociation by Upper-Alpha Gating

We test the proposal that changes in topographic patterns of cortical oscillations in the upper-a... more We test the proposal that changes in topographic patterns of cortical oscillations in the upper-alpha (10-12Hz) band selectively inhibit the recall of specific memories during hypnotic amnesia by blocking the availability of locally processed information at specific points in the retrieval process. Participants pre-screened for high or low hypnotic susceptibility received a suggestion for amnesia for faces. For old faces wrongly identified compared to new faces correctly identified evoked upper alpha (908 ms post stimulus) is significantly higher in ‘old wrong’ in right BA7 in a region implicated in top-down executive control to assist recall of visual information. Lagged nonlinear connectivity between cortical sources in upper-alpha in the same condition showed significantly increased connectivity between right BA34 (parahippocampal gyrus) and right BA 7, 20 and 22. During amnesia response spatial and temporal coordination of upper-alpha appears to suppress the integrated functioning of these regions (and hence recall). These patterns were not found after reversal of the amnesia suggestion.

Research paper thumbnail of Childhood Sexual, Emotional, and Physical Abuse as Predictors of Dissociation in Adulthood

Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 2021

This Australian study explores a person's self-reported exposure to childhood abuse to identi... more This Australian study explores a person's self-reported exposure to childhood abuse to identify the characteristics that are predictive of clinical levels of dissociation in adulthood. The final sample comprised 303 participants, including 26 inpatients and outpatients (24 females and two males) receiving treatment for a dissociative disorder (DD), and 277 university participants, including 220 controls (186 females, 34 males), 31 with elevated levels of dissociation consistent with a DD or posttraumatic stress disorder (27 females and four males), and 26 with clinical levels of dissociation (20 females and six males). The findings demonstrate clinical levels of dissociation and DDs occur in individuals reporting a history of childhood abuse, particularly sexual abuse and experiences that are potentially life-threatening to a child, such as choking, smothering, and physical injury that breaks bones or teeth, or that compromise the child's survival needs, including threats of abandonment and deprivation of basic needs. Females who disclosed being sexual abused in addition to being choked or smothered had a 106-fold risk of clinical levels of dissociation. As expected, self-reported amnesia was prevalent in the dissociative groups. Yet, even in the control group, one-third of those disclosing sexual abuse reported an unclear memory of it. Strong similarities in abuse experiences were found between the clinical sample and those in the university sample with clinical levels of dissociation (which is unlikely to have previously been diagnosed). The dissociative groups reported higher rates of corroboration of their abusive experiences. The findings support the traumatic etiology of dissociation.

Research paper thumbnail of Measuring Dissociative Symptoms and Experiences in an Australian College Sample Using a Short Version of the Multidimensional Inventory of Dissociation

Journal of Trauma & Dissociation, 2020

This paper investigated a 60-item version of the Multidimensional Inventory of Dissociation (MID)... more This paper investigated a 60-item version of the Multidimensional Inventory of Dissociation (MID) with the potential to capture the full range of dissociative symptoms that characterize each of the dissociative disorders (DD). The 28-item Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES) was designed to capture a wide range of dissociative phenomena, but college population studies indicate it may not be adept at identifying the full range of dissociative symptoms and disorders. The 218-item MID has the advantage of capturing the full range of dissociative symptoms and has diagnostic capabilities for all DSM-5 DD, but the disadvantage of taking considerably longer than the DES to complete. Using university students and staff (N = 313), this paper investigated a 60-item version of the MID with the potential to capture the full range of dissociative symptoms that characterize each of the DD. Results indicate the MID-60 has a nearly identical factor structure to the full MID, excellent internal reli...

Research paper thumbnail of Examining Adolescent and Adult Substance Use from a Dual Process Cognitive Perspective

for helping me to collect questionnaire data. And thanks to John Malouff and Nicola Schutte, who ... more for helping me to collect questionnaire data. And thanks to John Malouff and Nicola Schutte, who provided me with research training during my PhD study.

Research paper thumbnail of EEG and ERP Biomarkers, Source Localisation and Neurofeedback for Performance Enhancement in Elite Table Tennis Athletes

5 Hz (upper alpha) band but resulted in a significant decrease in source activity at 11.25Hz in r... more 5 Hz (upper alpha) band but resulted in a significant decrease in source activity at 11.25Hz in right BA6 post training. Behaviourally, vsCPT results showed improved accuracy to NoGo stimuli. An adjusted NFB protocol training rightBA40 was then tested. Again, significant post training decreases in source activity resulted, but this time across three conditions (Eyes Open, Eyes Closed and VT). Importantly, prepost NFB training reduced 9.25 Hz activity during the VT condition and was strongly and significantly correlated with prepost NFB training increases in NoGo accuracy (vsCPT1). Thus, the changes in cortical activity following this NFB training protocol were directly linked to sport related performance enhancement in this study.

Research paper thumbnail of The prevalence of Dissociative Disorders and dissociative experiences in college populations: a meta-analysis of 98 studies

Journal of Trauma & Dissociation, 2019

This meta-analysis of 31,905 college students includes 12 studies diagnosing Dissociative Disorde... more This meta-analysis of 31,905 college students includes 12 studies diagnosing Dissociative Disorders (DD) and 92 studies measuring dissociation with the Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES). Prevalence rates were used to separately test the plausibility of the Trauma Model (TM) and the Fantasy Model (FM) of dissociation. Results show 11.4% of students sampled meet criteria for DD, which is consistent with the prevalence of experiencing multiple (types of) trauma during childhood (12%), but is not consistent with the very low prevalence expected from the role of fantasy-proneness proposed in the FM. DES scores varied significantly across the 16 countries and were not higher in North America, but in countries that were comparatively unsafe. The least well-known DD was the most common, which is inconsistent with the FM which holds that the diagnosed person is enacting a familiar social role. There was no evidence that DES scores had decreased over recent decades, which does not support FM assertions that DD were a fad of the 1990s. Three of the five hypotheses tested provided clear support for the TM and a fourth hypothesis provided partial support for the TM. None of the five hypotheses tested supported the FM. The finding that DD were slightly more common in college populations than the general population did not support predictions of either model. The theoretical perspective of the authors moderated DES scores, although this is unlikely due to experimenter bias as studies led by FM theorists had significantly higher DES scores than those led by TM theorists.

Research paper thumbnail of Inhibition of retrieval in hypnotic amnesia: dissociation by upper-alpha gating

Neuroscience of Consciousness, 2017

Hypnotic amnesia is a functional dissociation from awareness during which information from specif... more Hypnotic amnesia is a functional dissociation from awareness during which information from specific neural processes is unavailable to consciousness. We test the proposal that changes in topographic patterns of cortical oscillations in upper-alpha (10-12 Hz) band selectively inhibit the recall of memories during hypnotic amnesia by blocking availability of locally processed information at specific points in retrieval. Participants were prescreened for high or low hypnotic susceptibility. Following hypnotic induction, participants were presented with a series of 60 face stimuli and were required to identify affective expressions. Participants received a suggestion for amnesia for these faces. They were then presented with a set of 30 old and 30 new faces and identified each as old or new. Amnesia suggestion was lifted and recall tested using the remaining 30 old faces and another 30 new faces. Exact Low Resolution Brain Electromagnetic Tomography source analyses are reported for 64 channel event-related electroencephalogram recorded from highs showing reversible amnesia to old faces. For high-susceptible participants, the amnesia suggestion significantly increased old faces wrongly identified while for low-susceptible participants amnesia suggestion increased the new faces wrongly identified. There were no differences between high-and low-susceptible participants following reversal of the suggestion. For previously seen faces which were wrongly identified, compared to new faces correctly identified, (late) evoked upper-alpha is significantly higher in right BA7 in a region implicated in top-down executive control to assist recall of visual information. Lagged nonlinear connectivity between cortical sources in upper-alpha in the same condition showed significantly increased connectivity between right BA34 (parahippocampal gyrus) and right BAs 7, 20 and 22. Integration between these regions is essential for recall of recent faces. During amnesia, spatial and temporal coordination of upper-alpha appears to suppress integrated functioning of these regions (hence recall). These patterns were absent after reversal of amnesia suggestion.

Research paper thumbnail of New directions in hypnosis research: strategies for advancing the cognitive and clinical neuroscience of hypnosis

Neuroscience of Consciousness, 2017

This article summarizes key advances in hypnosis research during the past two decades, including ... more This article summarizes key advances in hypnosis research during the past two decades, including (i) clinical research supporting the efficacy of hypnosis for managing a number of clinical symptoms and conditions, (ii) research supporting the role of various divisions in the anterior cingulate and prefrontal cortices in hypnotic responding, and (iii) an emerging finding that high hypnotic suggestibility is associated with atypical brain connectivity profiles. Key recommendations for a research agenda for the next decade include the recommendations that (i) laboratory hypnosis researchers should strongly consider how they assess hypnotic suggestibility in their studies, (ii) inclusion of study participants who score in the middle range of hypnotic suggestibility, and (iii) use of expanding research designs that more clearly delineate the roles of inductions and specific suggestions. Finally, we make two specific suggestions for helping to move the field forward including (i) the use of data sharing and (ii) redirecting resources away from contrasting state and nonstate positions toward studying (a) the efficacy of hypnotic treatments for clinical conditions influenced by central nervous system processes and (b) the neurophysiological underpinnings of

Research paper thumbnail of The Modified Tellegen Absorption Scale: A Clearer Window on the Structure and Meaning of Absorption

Australian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, 2005

Well, we will "get by with a little bit of help from our friends" across the world, and by the ne... more Well, we will "get by with a little bit of help from our friends" across the world, and by the next issue, in May 2006, we would expect to see more articles from other countries being published in the AJCEH. Research articles have been promised from the U .S .A. and Europe, and books to be reviewed are now coming in from around the world. So the "winged messengers" are already at work thanks to cyberspace communications. At the same time, AJCEH will feature work from the Southern Hemisphere in terms of Australasian scripts, valued Australasian case studies and notes which have been the mainstay of the journal in recent years, and soon we will be adding South African research to that of the Australian and New Zealand studies. The current issue contains research results, literature reviews, conceptual models and theoretical explorations, case studies, scripts, and reviews. There is a theme of mind-body healing in the articles by Paul Neumann and by Norm Barling and Susan Raine, and the review by June Henry of Yoga Nidra. Spirit enters the edition as well, with the article by William Pitty and that by Marek Celinski and Kathryn Gow, to be embedded in our unconscious and perhaps superconscious by way of the script by Patrick McCarthy. Graham Jamieson reminds us of the essential hypnosis research with an analysis of absorption. Beliefs in hypnosis are depicted in the case by Annette Brock and the film review by Kathryn Gow. There are several ways that you can support the journal: Submit material for publication; encourage others to submit articles, case studies, reviews or scripts; recommend books and films for review; and order the journal for your university libraries. I am happy to receive submissions as a result of either unconscious or conscious decisions to share your experiences with hypnosis and related topics, because if you do not share them, then who will?

Research paper thumbnail of TITLE: Inhibition of Retrieval in Hypnotic Amnesia: Dissociation by Upper-Alpha Gating

We test the proposal that changes in topographic patterns of cortical oscillations in the upper-a... more We test the proposal that changes in topographic patterns of cortical oscillations in the upper-alpha (10-12Hz) band selectively inhibit the recall of specific memories during hypnotic amnesia by blocking the availability of locally processed information at specific points in the retrieval process. Participants pre-screened for high or low hypnotic susceptibility received a suggestion for amnesia for faces. For old faces wrongly identified compared to new faces correctly identified evoked upper alpha (908 ms post stimulus) is significantly higher in ‘old wrong’ in right BA7 in a region implicated in top-down executive control to assist recall of visual information. Lagged nonlinear connectivity between cortical sources in upper-alpha in the same condition showed significantly increased connectivity between right BA34 (parahippocampal gyrus) and right BA 7, 20 and 22. During amnesia response spatial and temporal coordination of upper-alpha appears to suppress the integrated functioning of these regions (and hence recall). These patterns were not found after reversal of the amnesia suggestion.