Barry Tolchard | University of New England - Australia (original) (raw)

Papers by Barry Tolchard

International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health

From a Bangladeshi perspective, this commentary discusses the problem of vaccine hesitancy (VH) a... more From a Bangladeshi perspective, this commentary discusses the problem of vaccine hesitancy (VH) and its outcome within the Bangladeshi population, including minority ethnic groups. Relatively low vaccination rates among the Bangladeshi population are associated with people's social and economic conditions and are the focus of public health activities and regulations in the broader region. This short commentary uses examples from minority ethnic groups in Bangladesh, including tribal groups, to address three main objectives. First, the need to understand better population management over vaccine outcomes and efforts to minimise overlooking the minority ethnic population. This understanding can assist in overcoming the reluctance of VH among the Bangladeshi people in a trusted and sustainable manner. Secondly, being part of a more comprehensive rethinking of public health interactions with minority ethnic populations, this commentary promotes exploring the epidemiological context...

BMC Psychiatry

Background Court Mental Health Liaison and Diversion Services (CMHLDS) have developed in some cou... more Background Court Mental Health Liaison and Diversion Services (CMHLDS) have developed in some countries as a response to the over-representation of mental illness and other vulnerabilities amongst defendants presenting to criminal justice (or correctional) systems. This study examined the characteristics and rates of mental disorder of 9088 defendants referred to CMHLDS. Method The study analysed service level data, obtained from the National Health Service’s mental health data set, to examine characteristics relating to gender, ethnicity and comorbidity of common mental and neurodevelopmental disorders at five CMHLDS across London between September 2015 and April 2017. Results The sample included 7186 males (79.1%) and 1719 females (18.9%), the gender of 183 (2%) were not recorded. Of those referred, 6616 (72.8%) presented with an identifiable mental disorder and 503 (5.5%) with a neurodevelopmental disorder (NDD). Significantly higher rates of schizophrenia were reported amongst B...

Research in Developmental Disabilities, 2021

The treatment of vulnerable defendants by criminal justice systems or correctional systems varies... more The treatment of vulnerable defendants by criminal justice systems or correctional systems varies within and between countries. The purpose of this paper is to examine three legal jurisdictions-New South Wales in Australia, Norway, England and Wales-to understand the extent of variation in practice within the Court systems for defendants with intellectual disabilities (ID) and/or autism spectrum conditions (ASC). Two of the jurisdictions had a process for screening in place, either in police custody or at court, but this was not universally implemented across each jurisdiction. All three jurisdictions had a process for supporting vulnerable defendants through the legal system. Across the three jurisdictions, there was variation in disposal options from a mandatory care setting to hospital treatment to a custodial sentence for serious offences. This variation requires further international exploration to ensure the rights of defendants with ID or ASC are understood and safeguarded. Evidence is provided by clinical experts who describe the current context within and between countries. Finally, we discuss the most challenging issues identified by authors including screening, support in Court, legal frameworks, options for disposal, implications for practice and future research directions.

Journal of Gambling Studies, 2002

The South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS) is a psychometric instrument widely used internationally to... more The South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS) is a psychometric instrument widely used internationally to assess the presence of pathological gambling. Developed by Lesieur and Blume (1987) in the United States of America (USA) as a self-rated screening instrument, it is based on DSM-III and DSM-III-R criteria. This paper describes the origins and psychometric development of the SOGS and comments critically

Journal of Gambling Studies, 2007

Comprehensive Psychiatry, 2005

The Work and Social Adjustment Scale (WSAS) is a simple widely used 5-item measure of disability ... more The Work and Social Adjustment Scale (WSAS) is a simple widely used 5-item measure of disability whose psychometric properties need more analysis in phobic disorders. The reliability, factor structure, validity, and sensitivity to change of the WSAS were studied in 205 phobic patients (73 agoraphobia, 62 social phobia, and 70 specific phobia) who participated in various open and randomized trials of self-exposure therapy. Internal consistency of the WSAS was excellent in all phobics pooled and in agoraphobics and social phobics separately. Principal components analysis extracted a single general factor of disability. Specific phobics gave less consistent ratings across WSAS items, suggesting that some items were less relevant to their problem. Internal consistency was marginally higher for self-ratings than clinician ratings of the WSAS. Self-ratings and clinician ratings correlated highly though patients tended to rate themselves as more disabled than clinicians did. WSAS total scores reflected differences in phobic severity and improvement with treatment. The WSAS is a valid, reliable, and change-sensitive measure of work/social and other adjustment in phobic disorders, especially in agoraphobia and social phobia.

This study was funded by the Victorian Responsible Gambling Foundation to extend the analyses con... more This study was funded by the Victorian Responsible Gambling Foundation to extend the analyses conducted for A Study of Gambling in Victoria (Hare, 2009) to provide detailed analyses of similarities and differences between male and female gamblers in Victoria Australia. The research objectives were to: 1. Analyse the similarities and differences between male and female gamblers in Victoria in terms of gambling preferences, activities and styles of play; gambling motivations and attitudes; physical and mental health; family and early gambling influences; and help-seeking behaviour; and 2. Analyse the similarities and differences between male and female gamblers in Victoria in terms of risk factors associated with problem/moderate risk gambling and protective factors associated with low risk/non-problem gambling

Psychological theory and interpretation of research are key elements influencing clinical treatme... more Psychological theory and interpretation of research are key elements influencing clinical treatment development and design in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Research-based treatment recommendations primarily support Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), an extension of the cognitive behavioural theory, which promotes a deficit-focused characterisation of ADHD and prioritises symptom reduction and cognitive control of self-regulation as treatment outcomes. A wide variety of approaches have developed to improve ADHD outcomes in adults, and this review aimed to map the theoretical foundations of treatment design to understand their impact. A scoping review and analysis were performed on 221 documents to compare the theoretical influences in research, treatment approach, and theoretical citations. Results showed that despite variation in the application, current treatments characterise ADHD from a single paradigm of cognitive behavioural theory. A single theoretical per...

London South Bank University (LSBU) are pleased to present a project report for Health Education ... more London South Bank University (LSBU) are pleased to present a project report for Health Education England on the staffing needs for Children and Young People with a learning disability, mental health problem and challenging behaviours. Many families have complained about poor services. People have told us about: • Poor access and referral to services • A lack of awareness by staff of the things that matter to people with learning disability • Not getting the right support • Having services not near to where we live • People being sent to hospital or long term residential services This project report talks about who are the most suitable staff needed to help to improve services to offer high quality, family centred care packages, working across health and social care services. The aims are to provide the right care for Children and Young People (CYP) closer to their homes and families. The information was collected from looking at published reports and hearing about people’s experiences of service changes taking place today. The report will be shared with the group who will make recommendations for better services to the Government.

Global Health: Science and Practice

The scale, designed to measure students' self-assessment of their confidence in 11 competency dom... more The scale, designed to measure students' self-assessment of their confidence in 11 competency domains before and after participating in global placements, was found to be reliable and correlated well with an earlier validated scale.

Global Journal of Health Science

Modified national versions of the WHO’s International Statistical Classification of Diseases, cur... more Modified national versions of the WHO’s International Statistical Classification of Diseases, current version ICD-10 with ICD-11 coming into effect in January 2022, have become the standard in many countries for diagnosis and procedure coding to facilitate the submission of medical billing and reimbursement by health insurers. The WHO ICD-10 exists purely as a coded classification of disease. It has no related classification of procedures and lacks the clinical level of diagnostic specificity necessary for the documentation of individual clinical cases and the associated prescribed therapies and interventions, particularly surgical cases. Historically, the US clinical modification of ICD-9, known as ICD-9-CM, established the trend. Australia adopted ICD-9-CM, later adapted it to Australian clinical specifications, and after the launch of the WHO ICD-10 produced the current Australian modification ICD-10-AM, used under license by many other countries. This paper examines a work in pr...

2This work is copyright. It may be reproduced and the Centre for Population Studies in Epidemiolo... more 2This work is copyright. It may be reproduced and the Centre for Population Studies in Epidemiology (CPSE) welcomes requests for permission to reproduce in the whole or in part for work, study or training purposes subject to the inclusion of an acknowledgment of the source and not commercial use or sale. CPSE will only accept responsibility for data analysis conducted by CPSE staff or under CPSE supervision.