Encarnacion Sarria | Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (original) (raw)

Papers by Encarnacion Sarria

Revista Diecisiete: Investigación Interdisciplinar para los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible.

La pandemia de la COVID-19 llevó aparejadas medidas gubernamentales de restricción de la activida... more La pandemia de la COVID-19 llevó aparejadas medidas gubernamentales de restricción de la actividad y la interacción social, con consecuencias negativas para el bienestar psicológico de la población. El objetivo del estudio fue analizar las relaciones del espacio vital (tamaño de la vivienda/nº convivientes) y el nivel de estudios de los participantes, con su bienestar psicológico en confinamiento, así como el papel mediador de la resiliencia en estas relaciones. El estudio se realizó en los momentos del confinamiento severo de la población española (abril del 2020). 507 adultos contestaron un cuestionario en línea. El modelo puesto a prueba mediante path analyisis presentó un buen ajuste. Los resultados informaron de las relaciones del espacio vital y el nivel de estudios con la resiliencia, que a su vez estaba relacionada con el bienestar psicológico (relación positiva con la satisfacción vital e inversa con el malestar psicológico), revelando el papel mediador de la resiliencia en...

Journal for the Study of Education and Development, 2020

This article presents a brief analysis of Angel Rivière’s relationship with the families of peopl... more This article presents a brief analysis of Angel Rivière’s relationship with the families of people with autism: in his professional practice in the diagnostic and advisory processes, his contribution to the understanding of the impact of autism on the family, his important role as a bridge between scientific research and clinical practice, and his support for the parents’ associative movements. This reflection is complemented by the presentation of subsequent advances in the evolution of intervention models towards family-centred practices and research on family adaptation processes. Some of the more relevant keys of these advances were already pointed out by Ángel Rivière, which is made explicit by including in the article fragments selected from his writings.

Frontiers in Psychology, 2021

Parents' perception of the positive contributions associated with raising children with autis... more Parents' perception of the positive contributions associated with raising children with autism is considered to be a protective factor in the process of psychological adaptation. Thus, it is essential to unveil what factors are related to this perception. We explore how parents' psychological distress (parental stress and anxiety) predicts the perception of positive contributions in fathers and mothers who raise individuals with different levels of autism severity. The sample comprises 135 couples (270 fathers and mothers) parenting individuals diagnosed with autism aged 3–38 years. Participants completed different self-report questionnaires, including measures of parental stress, anxiety, and positive contributions. To estimate the actor–partner interdependence model, data were analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM) to explore transactional effects between fathers' and mothers' psychological distress and their perceptions of positive contributions associa...

Journal of Biomedical Informatics, 2021

The use of humanoid robots as assistants in therapy processes is not new. Several projects in the... more The use of humanoid robots as assistants in therapy processes is not new. Several projects in the past several years have achieved promising results when combining human-robot interaction with standard techniques. Moreover, there are multiple screening systems for autism; one of the most used systems is the Quantitative Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (Q-CHAT-10), which includes ten questions to be answered by the parents or caregivers of a child. We present Q-CHAT-NAO, an observation-based autism screening system supported by a NAO robot. It includes the six questions of the Q-CHAT-10 that can be adapted to work in a robotic context; unlike the original system, it obtains information from the toddler instead of from an indirect source. The detection results obtained after applying machine learning models to the six questions in the Autistic Spectrum Disorder Screening Data for Toddlers dataset were almost equivalent to those of the original version with ten questions. These findings indicate that the Q-CHAT-NAO could be a screening option that would exploit all the benefits related to human-robot interaction.

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2021

The objective of this study was to examine the relationships of participants’ home characteristic... more The objective of this study was to examine the relationships of participants’ home characteristics (living space) and job prospects after the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic to their subjective psychological well-being (SWB) (in terms of both affective and cognitive aspects). We also examined the role of participants’ resilience as a possible mediator in the relationships among the aforementioned variables. The sample comprised 474 Spanish adults who completed an online questionnaire between 14 and 24 April 2020, when COVID-19 confinement was very strict in Spain. We proposed a path analysis model including the described variables. The model presented a good fit (χ2 = 7.41, df = 5, p = 0.376, comparative fit index = 0.996, Tucker–Lewis index = 0.987; root mean square error of approximation = 0.032). The results indicated that living space and future job prospects predicted resilience, which, in turn, was related to SWB. Moreover, the bootstrapping results revealed a med...

International Journal of Public Health, 2019

Objectives As reported in other high-income countries, around the 2008 Great Recession the Spanis... more Objectives As reported in other high-income countries, around the 2008 Great Recession the Spanish banking sector engaged abusive practices that satisfy the definition of fraud. Our objective is to examine the association between selfreported bank fraud and physical health, using a gender perspective. Methods With data from the 2017 Madrid Health Survey, we examined the association between the economic impact of fraud and poor self-rated health (SRH), comorbidity and pain (N = 4425). Interactions of time since fraud and sex with economic impact were tested by Poisson regression models with robust variance. Results In total, 11% of adults in Madrid reported bank fraud since 2006. Among men, those who experienced frauds with severe economic impact were more likely to report adverse health than those who did not experience fraud (PR comorbidity: 1.46; PR pain conditions: 2.17). Among men time elapsed since fraud strengthened the association between severe economic impact and poor SRH (p = 0.022; p = 0.006, respectively). Among women, associations did not reach statistical significance. Conclusions Bank frauds are an emerging phenomenon which is likely to damage public health. Stricter regulation to protect people from fraudulent bank practices is needed.

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2019

Over the past few decades, the financial system has engaged in abusive practices that meet the de... more Over the past few decades, the financial system has engaged in abusive practices that meet the definition of fraud. Our objective is to compare the prevalence of psychological distress and levels of health-related quality of life according to having been exposed to financial fraud and its economic impact on family finances. The City of Madrid Health Survey 2017 included specific questions on exposure to financial fraud—this section was administered to half of the participants (n = 4425). Mental health need or caseness was defined by a score greater than two on the 12-item version of the Goldberg health questionnaire. Health-related quality of life was assessed by the Darmouth Coop Functional Health Assessment Charts/WONCA (COOP/WONCA). The prevalence of financial fraud was 10.8%. The prevalence rate ratio for caseness of those who experienced severe economic impact due to fraud was 1.62 (95%, CI 1.17–2.25; reference: no fraud), after adjustment by age, sex, social class, and immigra...

Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 2016

Background: Most studies of gender differences in the ASD literature present methodological limit... more Background: Most studies of gender differences in the ASD literature present methodological limitations regarding the treatment of dyadic data. This work explored gender differences in the psychological adaptation of a sample of Spanish fathers and mothers of individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) using a multilevel modeling approach (MLM) that accounts for nested data. Method: Questionnaires including different adaptation measures were completed by 120 father-mother dyads raising individuals with ASD. We designed a two-level model (parents nested in dyads) with three predictor variables at level 1 (parent gender, parent age, and perception of child's behavior problems) and four predictor variables at level 2 (child age, family income, ASD severity, and time since diagnosis) to examine the influence of these variables on negative and positive psychological outcomes (stress, anxiety, depression, and psychological well-being). Results: Mothers experienced higher levels of stress and anxiety than fathers, even after controlling for interdependence and sociodemographic factors. ASD severity was a significant predictor of both progenitors' stress and well-being, and family income was also related to psychological well-being, although no gender differences were observed in the way these variables are related to parental outcomes. Conclusions: Professionals should offer parents support to adjust expectations according to their child's ASD severity given its relationship to parental stress and well-being. Considering that mothers experience higher levels of stress and anxiety than fathers, clinicians should encourage maternal protective factors. Finally, governments should consider new policies aiming to support ASD families' treatment expenses.

International Society of Cultural and Activity Research, University of California, 2008

Home Home. ...

Journal of autism and developmental disorders, Jul 23, 2016

Couples affect each other cognitively, emotionally and behaviorally. The goal of this study is to... more Couples affect each other cognitively, emotionally and behaviorally. The goal of this study is to test the benefits and potential use of the actor-partner interdependence model in examining how parental self-efficacy and positive contributions of fathers and mothers of children with Autism Spectrum Condition influence each other's psychological adaptation. The sample includes 76 Spanish couples who completed validated questionnaires measuring predictors, i.e., self-efficacy and positive contributions, and adaptation outcomes i.e., stress, anxiety, depression and psychological well-being. Multilevel analysis revealed many actor and some partner effects of parental self-efficacy and positive contributions to be important determinants of adaptation above and beyond child and sociodemographic factors, and as such, these effects should be targeted in clinical intervention programs.

Infancia Y Aprendizaje, Jan 23, 2014

ABSTRACT El objetivo de este artículo es doble: a) comprobar si la coincidencia y discrepancia en... more ABSTRACT El objetivo de este artículo es doble: a) comprobar si la coincidencia y discrepancia entre los deseos de los participantes y los de un personaje producen diferencias en la predicción emocional y b) si la capacidad de "descentración", necesaria para hacer una predicción correcta de emoción cuando los deseos no coincidían, podría ser similar a la que los niños necesitan para resolver la tarea de falsa creencia. Los participantes expresaban en primer lugar su propio deseo con relación a dos alternativas posibles y después veían una película en la que el deseo del protagonista coincidía o no con el deseo propio. Los resultados obtenidos indican que la predicción emocional no sólo es el resultado de la relación entre estados mentales y realidad sino que con ella interactúan factores de carácter afectivo como la valencia de la emoción o el significado afectivo de las personas que satisfacen o no los deseos.The goal of this paper is twofold: a) to analyse if coincidences and discrepancies between participants' desires and those of a film character produce differences in emotion prediction, and b) if the perspective taking ability, necessary to make correct emotion prediction when desires do not match, could be similar to the ability children need to solve false belief tasks. Participants were first asked to express their own desire with respect to two possible alternatives, afterwards they watched a film in which the protagonist's desire either matched or did not match their own. The results indicate that emotion prediction is not only a function of the relation between mental states and reality, but that affective factors also interact with it, such as, emotional valence or the affective meaning of those that satisfy or not their desires. Finally the study discusses the claim that the developmental gap between understanding of desires and beliefs may be attributed to their different representational natures.

Investigacion E Innovacion En Autismo 2011 Pags 11 63, 2011

Infancia Y Aprendizaje Journal For the Study of Education and Development, 2007

Http Dx Doi Org 10 1080 02109395 1991 10821160, Apr 29, 2014

estudio empírico que permitiera profundizar en el estudio de estas relaciones desde una perspecti... more estudio empírico que permitiera profundizar en el estudio de estas relaciones desde una perspectiva de análisis multivariado. Para ello se realizó un estudio longitudinal de 16 sujetos, con tres momentos de medida (en torno a los ocho, diez y doce meses de edad). Los sujetos fueron evaluados mediante la aplicación de las escalas Uzgiris y Hunt (1975) y grabados en dos situaciones de interacción diádica, una libre con su madre y otra semiestructurada de carácter elicitador La conducta comunicativa de los niños fue registrada mediante un sistema de codificación diseñado con tal fin (Sarriá, 1991). Los datos fueron analizados mediante análisis de correlaciones y análisis de correspondencias múltiples. Los resultados obtenidos no apoyan la hipótesis de la homología local sobre la interdependencia de determinadas capacidades cognitivas y el desarrollo comunicativo planteada por Bates, Benigni, Bretherton, Camaioni y Volterra (1979), sino más bien sugieren una hipótesis de diferenciación entre los dominios de adaptación al mundo físico y el social-comunicativo, en el período de aparición de la intención comunicativa.

Infancia Y Aprendizaje, 2007